Scratching

美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习

Table of Contents Tickle, Touch, Scratch.

内容 Tickle, Touch, Scratch. 中国植物物种名录(CPNI).

4 More Than Skin-Deep.

4多出自"皮肤深处".

5 Causes of Itching.

5 痒发作的原因。

7 It’s a Real Pain.

页:1 这是真正的痛苦。

or Is It?

是吗?

11 Oh, What a Relief!

第11条 瓳 何等为救济!

13 Itch, Scratch, Learn.

13 痒,作作相克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克.

15 Glossary.

15 词汇。

16 Tickle, Touch, Scratch It starts with a tickle.

16 痒痒、触摸、刮伤 从痒起.

You brush your hand against your skin, but the tickle continues.

你用手对着皮肤,但痒还在继续。

You can’t help but scratch.

无法摆脱。

Ahh, relief, but it lasts just a moment.

啊,解脱,但是它持续了一会儿。

Then the feeling returns, even stronger.

然后,感觉又回来了,甚至更强烈。

Before long, you’re scratching away again.

不久之后,你又开始抓了。

We’ve all had that experience.

我们都有这样的经历。

There are dozens of reasons for itching, and there’s a good explanation for why scratching seems to relieve an itch.

痒症有数十个原因,

Scratching may temporarily ease an itch, but it’s not a long-term solution.

但这不是长期的解决办法。

More Than Skin-Deep When you think of itching, you usually think of skin.

比皮肤深 当你想到痒的时候,通常会想到皮肤.

It’s true that itching happens mostly on your skin.

痒症大多发生在你的皮肤上。

After all, skin covers your whole body.

毕竟皮被全身被.

Skin is also the only thing that stands between the inside of your body and the outside world.

皮肤也是你身体内部和外界之间唯一站在一起的东西.

All sorts of things touch your skin.

种种事触取相相相相相相相相相相相.

Skin has nerve cells that react when something touches it.

皮肤有神经细胞,当有东西触碰它时反应.

Some of those things are harmless.

有些东西是无害的。

Some, however, are harmful or even dangerous.

但是,有些是有害的,甚至危险。

An itch is your body’s way of warning that these things can hurt you.

这些东西会伤害你。

For example, many people are allergic to poison ivy.

例如,很多人对常春藤中毒过敏.

This plant has irritating oils that rub off on skin.

这种植物有刺激性油被擦去皮肤.

The oils make skin blister and ooze.

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Open blisters can get infected.

打开水泡可能会被感染.

The oils can also affect other parts of the body, like the nose and lungs.

油也可能影响身体的其他部分,如鼻子和肺.

Contact with poison ivy can cause a bad infection to develop.

接触毒常春藤可导致不良感染发展.

Poison ivy (left) can cause a blistered, itchy rash (right).

毒性常春藤(左)可引起发泡,发痒的疹子(右).

The Itch-Scratch Cycle Your body uses itching to keep infections from happening.

切除循环 你的身体用痒来防止感染的发生

Itching is a signal from your immune system—your body’s internal system that helps protect you from sickness.

痒症是来自你的免疫系统——你的体内系统——的信号,有助于保护你免受疾病的影响。

When you touch poison ivy, your immune system triggers an itch.

当你接触毒常春藤, 你的免疫系统触发了痒.

This informs you that your skin has touched something harmful.

这告诉你,你的皮肤 触动了有害的东西。

In this case, the itch teaches you to stay away from poison ivy.

在这种情况下,痒会教你远离毒常春藤.

damages skin.

伤害皮肤。

Scratching temporarily relieves itching.

被打碎可以暂时缓解痒.

under skin.

皮肤下。

The itch gets worse, and the cycle begins again.

痒症愈发严重,循环又开始.

The cycle starts with ITCHING.

周期从TCHING开始.

Causes of Itching It’s not just your skin that itches.

造成痒痛的原因 不只是你的皮肤痒了。

Your eyes can feel itchy, too, and so can your nose and throat.

眼也能发痒,而鼻喉也.

Scratching is a reflex action to itching—something you do automatically, or without thinking.

挤压是一种对痒的反射动作——你自动地或者不经思考地做一些事情.

However, you can’t reach down your throat to scratch it, so you cough.

然而,你不能伸到喉咙去抓,所以咳嗽。

You can’t scratch inside your nose, so you sneeze.

所以打喷嚏。

Scratching your eyes can cause damage, so you rub them instead.

擦出你的眼睛会造成损害,所以你涂抹它们。

All those actions have the same goal: to remove whatever is causing the itch.

所有这些行动都有一个相同的目标:消除造成痒点的任何因素。

Perhaps you ate something spicy.

也许你吃了些辣的东西

Maybe you breathed dust or got smoke in your eyes.

也许你呼吸出灰尘或者眼睛冒出烟来

A good cough, sneeze, or rub could get rid of the problem!

咳嗽、打喷嚏或擦擦可以解决问题!

Sometimes, though, you can’t get rid of the cause of your itch easily.

但有时,

Sometimes the cause comes from a germ inside your body.

有时候原因来自你体内的细菌

The itch you feel may be part of a sickness caused by the germ.

你感觉到的痒可能是细菌引起的疾病的一部分

Chicken pox is a sickness caused by a virus.

鸡痘是病毒引起的疾病.

The virus makes the skin break out in very itchy blisters.

病毒会让皮肤爆发出很痒的泡子

Today, many children get a vaccine to prevent them from getting chicken pox.

今天,许多儿童获得疫苗,以防止他们患上鸡瘟.

Luckily, for those who do get sick, chicken pox is a temporary condition.

幸运的是,对于那些生病的人来说,鸡痘是一个暂时性的条件.

After a while, the sickness passes.

不久后,病发而去.

The chicken pox rash usually starts on the face, belly, or back.

鸡痘疹起于面部,腹部或后部.

There are other itchy conditions, though, that last much longer.

还有其他的痒症,虽然, 持续更长。

These are known as chronic conditions.

这些被称为慢性病.

Some just affect the skin.

有些只是影响皮肤。

Others cause different parts of the body to itch.

另一些则引起身体不同部位的痒.

One chronic condition, psoriasis, speeds up the life cycle of skin cells.

一种慢性病,多发性发作,可加快皮肤细胞的生命周期.

The cells build up on the surface and form itchy scales.

细胞在地表上积聚并形成痒的鳞片.

Another condition, eczema, is a rash that is common in children but can occur in people at any age.

另一种情况,即风疹,是一种常见于儿童但可在任何年龄的人身上发生的皮疹.

Chronic conditions have no cure.

慢性病无法治愈。

People who suffer from them can do some things to help, though.

受苦受难的人可以做一些事情来帮助,虽然.

For instance, they can avoid using skin care products that may cause the condition to flare up.

例如,它们可以避免使用可能导致病情发作的皮肤护理产品。

People with chronic skin conditions may see a doctor to get special medicine.

皮肤有慢性病的人可以去看医生去取出特殊药物.

Insect bites, especially mosquito bites, are another common cause of itching.

被昆虫叮咬,尤其是被蚊子叮咬,是造成痒痒的另一个常见原因.

Female mosquitos feast on blood.

雌蚊以血为食.

Their bites can introduce dangerous germs to your bloodstream.

他们的咬伤会给你的血液带来危险的细菌

Mosquitos can spread serious diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever.

蚊子可以传播疟疾和登革热等严重疾病.

Fortunately, their bite causes your body to itch almost immediately.

幸运的是,它们的被咬 让你的身体几乎立即痒。

The itch catches your attention and makes you swat the insect away to protect yourself from even more bites.

痒会吸引你的注意力 让你把昆虫刮走 以免被更多的咬伤

In this case, an itch can be a real lifesaver!

这样一来,一痒就能活活了!

Mosquitoes don’t actually bite.

蚊子其实不会咬人。

Instead, they use their long, sharp mouthparts to pierce the skin.

相反,他们用长而尖的口部来刺穿皮肤.

Nervous System It’s a Real Pain.

神经系统是一种真正的痛苦。

or Is It?

是吗?

People once thought that itching was a form of pain.

人们一度认为痒是痛苦的一种形式.

It isn’t.

事实并非如此。

It does have a relationship with pain, though.

不过它确实和痛苦有关系

That relationship is why scratching helps relieve itching.

这种关系是刮伤有助于减轻痒感的原因。

Your body has a network of nerves that feel all sorts of sensations.

你的身体有神经网络 能感觉到各种感觉

Nerves that sense itching overlap with nerves that feel pain.

感觉痒的神经 与感觉痛苦的神经重叠

Nerves can only sense one feeling at a time.

神经一次只能感觉到一种感觉.

Unlike itching, scratching is a form of pain.

与痒症不同,挠痒是一种疼痛.

When you apply pain by scratching, coughing, or rubbing, the painful feeling blocks the itch.

当你通过挠痒,咳嗽,或擦擦来施用疼痛时,痛苦的感觉会阻碍痒.

For some people, the pain is almost pleasant because it stops the misery of itching.

对有些人来说,这种痛苦几乎是令人愉快的,因为它可以消除痒痛的痛苦.

Special nerve cells in your spinal cord send signals to your brain telling you that you have an itch.

脊髓中的特殊神经细胞 向大脑发出信号 告诉你你痒了

Creepy Crawlies Too much scratching can cause problems.

令人毛骨悚然的爬行 太多的刮伤会造成问题。

If you scratch until you bleed, you set yourself up for infection.

如果你挠到出血,你就会被感染。

Scratching blisters can leave scars.

出血会留下疤痕

Constantly rubbing your eyes can hurt them.

不断地摩擦你的眼睛会伤害他们.

A coughing fit makes it hard to catch your breath.

咳嗽会很难呼吸

One of the creepiest sources of itching is the mango fly of Africa.

最令人毛骨悚然的痒点之一是非洲的芒果蝇.

This insect may lay eggs on clothes hung out to dry.

这种昆虫可能在被晾干的衣服上下蛋.

When the eggs hatch, the larvae burrow under the skin of the person wearing the infected clothes.

卵孵出后,幼虫会将穿被感染的衣服的人的皮肤下打入地洞.

The larvae cause serious itching until they mature and burst out from sores on the skin.

幼虫会引起严重的痒痒,直到它们成熟后从皮肤上发作而出.

Oh, What a Relief!

哦,多好的救济!

Scratching temporarily relieves itching, but it’s not a good long-term solution.

但这不是个长期好的解决方案。

For chronic itching, you need lasting relief.

对于慢性痒症, 你需要持久的缓解。

The best solution, of course, is to remove the cause of the itch.

当然,最好的解决方法是去除痒的病因.

Sometimes, though, that is not possible.

但有时,这是不可能的。

Lotions and creams can offer some relief, and so can eyedrops.

淋巴和奶油可以提供一些缓解,眼滴也可以.

These are topical medicines, which means they are applied to the surface of the body.

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Topical medicines contain substances that soothe itches.

专题药中含有能平息痒痒的物质.

Some people have even found relief by taking a bath in oatmeal!

有些人甚至通过在燕麦馆洗澡找到解脱!

People use gel from the aloe plant to relieve itching.

人们使用取自阿洛植物的凝胶来缓解痒.

For severe itching, you may have to take oral medicines.

严重痒症,可能需要口服药物.

These come in the form of pills, capsules, or liquids that you swallow.

这些是以药丸、胶囊或液体的形式来的。

Oral medicines block or lessen your body’s response to whatever causes an itch.

口服药物会阻碍或降低身体对造成痒的响应。

The urge to scratch goes away.

刮伤的冲动消失了。

Itchy Critters garter snake otter brown bear Animals scratch for many of the same reasons humans do.

由于人类许多同样的原因,它会刮伤动物。

But there’s another reason that animals scratch: they need to molt.

动物需要磨擦。

Molting means shedding fur, feathers, or skin as the animal grows or as the seasons change.

起伏是指随着动物生长或季节变化而剥去毛被,羽毛或皮肤.

Furry animals shed hair.

毛毛动物出出发.

Birds lose feathers.

鸟失羽.

Reptiles such as snakes crawl out of their old skin.

蛇等爬出老皮肤的爬行物.

Scratching speeds the process along.

拼接会加快过程

Animals may rub against trees or rocks to get rid of their old layers.

动物可能会被树或岩石所摩擦以摆脱旧地层.

Things You Can Do Itch, Scratch, Learn Feeling itchy isn’t fun, but think of it as a safety mechanism.

但将它视为安全机制。

It’s part of your body’s amazing defense system.

这是你身体惊人的防御系统的一部分。

Itching lets you know what is bad for you and teaches you to avoid it.

痒会让你知道什么对你不好 并教你避免它。

The next time you feel itchy, ask yourself why—before you scratch.

下次你感到痒的时候,问问自己为什么,在你抓伤之前。

Learning what makes you itch and avoiding it is the best way to keep from getting itchy again!

学会是什么让你痒并避免它 是防止再次痒的最佳方法!

If you have troublesome itching, there are some things you can do that may relieve it and prevent damage caused by scratching.

如果你有麻烦的痒痒, 有些事情你可以做,可以缓解它,防止被刮伤所造成的损害。

These include: • patting or tapping the itchy area rather than scratching it.

其中包括:拍打或敲打痒痒区域,而不是挠它。

area to cool it down.

区域来冷却它。

• washing in cool or lukewarm water.

• 在冷水或冷水中洗涤。

• using nonperfumed skin care products.

• 使用无孔皮肤护理产品。

skin, such as wool or polyester.

皮肤,如羊毛或聚酯.

• applying a cream to dry or flaky skin.

• 对干燥或片状皮肤施用奶油;

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(n.)

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