Inventions
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Inventions Follow Inventions.
4 发明跟随发明.
6 Need Is the Mother of Invention.
6 需要是发明之母。
9 Famous Inventions.
9出名发明.
12 Computers: Then and Now.
12 计算机:然后和现在。
14 Invention, Discovery, or Creation.
14 发明、发现或创造。
18 Conclusion.
18 结论。
19 Glossary.
19 词汇表。
20 Index.
20 指数。
20 Introduction When you think of an invention, what comes to mind?
导言 当你想到一个发明,有什么想法?
Is it something wacky or something useful?
是有些怪事还是有用的事?
Every day, people all over the world come up with new inventions.
每天,世界各地人们都会想出新的发明。
These inventions often give us a better way to do something.
这些发明常常给了我们更好的方法做一些事情.
Most inventions make life easier or more enjoyable.
大多数的发明使得生活更容易或更能享受.
An invention isn’t always a thing.
发明并不总是什么的。
An invention can also be a process.
发明也可以是一个过程.
Examples of processes are ways of making certain metals or glass, or even kinds of cheese.
工艺的例子有: 制造出某些金属或玻璃,甚至起司的方法.
This shows a nine-step process common for making cheese.
这显示了制作起司常用的九步工艺.
Not every invention is useful.
不是每个发明都是有用的.
Over the years there have been many weird inventions.
多年来,有许多奇怪的发明。
All of these inventions were made to fulfill a need or a want.
所有这些发明都是为了满足需要或需要。
But many of these weird inventions either didn’t work, or caused more trouble than good.
但许多这些怪异的发明要么无效,要么造成比好更多的麻烦。
This vest allows a person to show off a pet, such as a hamster.
这种背心允许一个人炫耀出宠物,比如仓鼠.
This pogo stick used a gas engine to make it hop.
这个Pogo棒用一个气动引擎让它跳.
This trumpet can shoot gas flames when played.
这个小号在演奏时可以射出毒气火焰.
Weird Inventions These are actual patent drawings of weird inventions.
奇怪的发明 这些是怪异发明的实际专利图纸.
Inventions Follow Inventions One invention often leads to another invention.
发明跟随发明 一个发明往往导致另一个发明.
For an example, let’s look at the wheel.
例如,让我们看看车轮。
Long ago, the only way people could get from place to place was to walk.
很久以前,人们唯一可以从一个地方到另一个地方的方法就是行走.
It could take days to walk long distances.
要长途跋涉可能需要好几天
Then, someone invented the wheel.
后来有人发明了轮子.
Next, people started putting wheels on logs and boards.
接下来,人们开始在木板上放出轮子.
These simple carts made it easier to carry goods and people over long distances.
这些简单的手推车使得长途运送货物和人员更容易.
Then people started using horses, oxen, or mules to pull the carts.
后来人们开始用马,牛,或骡来拉出马来.
Riding on carts was less work than walking and made it easier for travel.
骑着马车的工作比走走的要少,更方便出行.
In the 1800s, the gasoline engine was invented.
1800年代,汽油发动机被发明出.
The engine could be placed on carts and used to power them.
发动机可以被放入手推车并用来为它们提供动力.
Mules, horses, and oxen were not needed as much.
木乃伊、马和牛是不需要的。
Engines have led to the invention of many other things that help move people and goods from place to place.
发动机导致发明了许多其他东西来帮助人们和货物从地到地移动.
Some of these inventions are steamboats, cars, trains, and airplanes.
其中一些发明是蒸汽船,汽车,火车,以及飞机.
These inventions helped people and goods cross whole continents in just a few days.
这些发明帮助人们和货物在短短几天内跨越了整个大陆.
Think About It The car has changed the lives of people around the world.
考虑 这辆车改变了全世界人民的生活。
It has led to many other inventions.
这导致了许多其他的发明.
How many things can you think of that were invented because of the car?
你能想到多少事情是因车而发明的?
Here are just a few to get you started.
这里只有几个让你开始。
How many more can you add to the list?
还要加多少?
Over time, more inventions made engines better.
随着时间的推移,更多的发明使发动机变得更好.
Today, jet engines help planes fly all over the world very quickly.
今天,喷气发动机帮助飞机迅速飞遍全世界。
The jet engine, and humans’ desire to fly higher and faster, led to the invention of a more powerful engine called the rocket engine.
喷气发动机,以及人类飞得更高更快的愿望,导致发明了更强大的发动机"火箭发动机".
The rocket engine helps send people into space and to the Moon.
火箭发动机帮助将人送入太空并送入月球.
It took many steps and many years of inventing to get people from the first airplane to the spacecraft that took humans to the Moon.
花了许多步骤和多年的发明 才把人们从第一架飞机 带到载人到月球的航天器上
Need Is the Mother of Invention Sometimes when people want to explore new places, such as the Moon, or new things, such as stars, they need new inventions.
需求 是发明之母 有时人们想要探索新的地方,如月亮,或者新的事物,如恒星,他们需要新的发明.
It has been said that “need is the mother of invention.”
有人说,“需要是发明之母。 “
This means that a need for something forces people to invent ways to solve that problem.
这意味着需要某种东西迫使人们发明解决问题的方法。
New inventions can make exploration possible or easier.
新的发明可以使探索成为可能或更容易.
People wanted to explore space.
人们想探索太空
Space is different from Earth.
空间与地球不同.
Space has no air, which means there is no oxygen and no air pressure.
太空没有空气,这意味着没有氧气和气压.
Space is also very cold.
空间也非常冷.
People would not be safe in space without the right equipment.
如果没有适当的设备,人们在空间里将不安全。
The New Horizons spacecraft lifts off for its trip to Pluto.
"新地平线"飞船升起去冥王星出行.
Scientists needed to invent ways for people to breathe in places where there was no air.
科学家需要发明一些方法 让人们在没有空气的地方呼吸
They needed to invent new materials to keep both humans and spacecraft safe from extreme temperatures.
他们需要发明出新的材料,使人类和航天器免受极端温度的危害。
Scientists invented spacesuits and building materials that would not crush under pressure.
科学家发明了不会被压力压倒的太空服和建筑材料.
In fact, many new products were invented because people wanted to explore space.
事实上,许多新产品都是因为人们想要探索空间而发明的.
Space Exploration Product Spin-offs • Enriched baby food • Better golf balls • Faster swimsuits • Water purifiers • Improved food packaging • Shock-absorbing helmets • Shock-absorbing shoes • Smoke detectors • Self-ad justing sunglasses • Flat-panel televisions • High-density batteries • Trash compactors The backpack this astronaut wears makes moving in space easier.
• 高尔夫球; 这个宇航员穿的背包 使得在太空中移动更容易。
When people invent something, they usually apply for a patent.
当人们发明某种东西时,他们通常会申请专利.
A patent ensures that only the person who owns the patent can make or sell the invention.
专利确保只有拥有专利的人才能制造或出售发明。
If you have a patent, no one else can take your idea.
如果你有专利 就没人能接受你的想法了
Complicated products, like cars, may have hundreds of patents for the thousands of parts used to make them.
复杂产品同汽车一样,可能拥有上百个专利,用于制造数千个零件.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Thomas Edison held 1,093 different patents for the things he invented, including the lightbulb, left.
托马斯·爱迪生(Thomas Edison)为他发明的东西持有了1,093种不同的专利,包括灯泡所留下的东西.
He had to invent seven other things before he could put it all together to invent the lightbulb.
他必须发明出另外七样东西 才能把它们拼凑起来 发明出灯泡
Famous Inventions There have been millions of inventions over the years.
出名发明 历代发明有千万.
Some of them, like the invention of the lightbulb, are well known.
有的同"灯泡"的发明一样被人们熟知.
However, others are obscure.
然而,另一些则模糊不清。
Most inventions get better over time.
随着时间的推移,大多数发明会变得更好。
For example, Thomas Edison’s first lightbulb, invented in 1879, has had many improvements since then.
例如,托马斯·爱迪生于1879年发明的首个灯泡自此有了许多改进.
Think about how each invention in the timeline on the next page has changed and has been made better over the years.
想想下一页的时间线上的每一个发明是如何改变的,多年来都得到了更好的发展.
What would your life be like without these inventions?
没有这些发明,你的生活会怎样?
Computers: Then and Now Of all the inventions of the last fifty years, none has changed our lives more than the computer.
电脑:然后是现在 在过去50年的所有发明中,没有比计算机更能改变我们的生活.
The computer is a machine that has many parts.
计算机是一种具有多部分的机器.
Many people have helped make the computer what it is today.
许多人帮助制造了今天的电脑。
Many historians think that a German named Konrad Zuse invented the computer.
许多历史学家认为,一个叫克恩拉德·祖斯(Konrad Zuse)的德国人发明了计算机.
In 1941, he used old materials to build the first computer.
1941年,他用旧材料建造了第一台计算机.
It could be programmed.
它可以编程。
It was used to do difficult math problems.
用来解决数学问题
Most Famous Inventions Telephone Lightbulb Automobile Airplane Refrigerator Television Color Television Computer Microwave oven Do You Know?
最出名的发明 电话灯泡 汽车飞机 冷藏机 电视彩色 电视 计算机微波炉 你知道吗?
One of the first megacomputers could do one math operation every 1 5 seconds.
最早的巨型计算机之一可以每15秒进行一次数学操作.
Modern computers can do 1 50,000,000,000 operations in 1 5 seconds!
现代计算机能在15秒内完成150,000,000的操作!
This early computer was jokingly named “Baby.”
这台早期的电脑被开玩笑地命名为“宝贝”。
Later, two professors from Iowa State University in the United States invented a more powerful computer.
后来,美国艾奥瓦州立大学的两位教授发明了更强大的计算机.
It was the first electronic digital computer.
它是第一台电子数字计算机.
It was the size of a desk.
和桌子一样大
It had more than 300 glass tubes and used one mile of wire.
它有超过300个玻璃管,并使用了一英里的电线.
It weighed 700 pounds.
它重达700磅.
That is 140 bags of flour!
这是140袋面粉!
In 1944, two inventors worked together to build an even bigger and better computer.
1944年,两位发明家合作建造了更大型和更好的计算机.
It was 55 feet long and 8 feet high.
它长55英尺,高8英尺。
It filled a giant room and weighed 5 tons, or about as much as one elephant.
它填满了巨大的房间 重了5吨, 或大约一头大象。
It used lots of energy and needed a way to help keep it cool.
它用了很多精力,需要一种方法来帮助它保持冷静.
In 1947, the transistor was invented.
1947年,晶体管被发明出.
This meant that computers would no longer need hundreds of large glass tubes, and smaller computers could be built.
这意味着计算机不再需要上百个大型玻璃管,还可以建造更小型的计算机.
The invention of integrated circuits then took the jobs of many electronic parts and put them into one part.
集成电路的发明随后将许多电子部件的工作并放入一个部分.
Then microprocessors were invented, which took lots and lots of integrated circuits and put them into one microchip.
随后微处理器被发明出,它消耗了众多的集成电路并将其放入一个微芯片.
These improvements led to the computers we use today.
这些改进导致了我们今天使用的计算机。
But computers still needed other inventions.
但计算机仍然需要其他的发明.
People needed to invent software to make the computer do different things.
人们需要发明软件来让计算机做不同的事情.
Also, people wanted thinner screens and mice that were easier to use.
而且,人们想要更薄的屏幕和小鼠,它们更容易使用.
Even more inventions came as people discovered new things to do with the computer.
随着人们发现与计算机相关的新事物,出现了更多的发明.
Harvard – IBM MARK I A computer, a mouse, and software allow this boy to draw using a laptop.
哈佛 – IBM MARK I 一台电脑,一款鼠标和软件允许这个男孩使用笔记本电脑来绘制.
Computers paved the way for the Internet, a whole new way of communicating.
计算机为互联网铺平了道路,这是全新的沟通方式.
Webpages, electronic mail, and high-speed Internet connections soon followed.
网页、电子邮件和高速因特网连接不久就接通了。
These things made communicating with people all over the world easy.
这些东西使得与世界各地人们的交流变得容易.
What might computers do in the future?
电脑将来会做什么?
What will be invented then?
那会有什么发明呢?
Invention, Discovery, or Creation?
发明,发现,还是创造?
Have you ever wondered how an invention is different from a discovery or a creation?
你有没有想过 发明与发现或创造有什么不同?
Discoveries are made when people first learn about things that already exist.
发现是在人们第一次了解已经存在的东西时作出的.
For example, explorers are people who discover new lands.
例如,探险家是发现新地的人.
Creators are artists, composers, and writers.
创作者是艺术家,作曲家和作家.
They make works of art, music, and stories.
他们创作艺术、音乐和故事。
Vincent Van Gogh was an artist who created fantastic paintings.
文森特·范高是一个艺术家,他创作了奇幻的绘画.
Beethoven was a composer who created beautiful symphonies.
贝多芬是一位作曲家,他创作了美丽的交响曲.
William Shakespeare was a writer who created great plays.
威廉·莎士比亚是一位编剧,创作了出众的戏剧.
Inventors use existing knowledge to create new devices or processes.
发明者利用现有的知识来创造出新的设备或过程.
They make things that they think make life better or work easier.
他们让自己认为能让生活更好或工作更轻松的东西.
Thomas Edison used what scientists already knew about electricity to invent the lightbulb.
托马斯·爱迪生(Thomas Edison)利用科学家们已经知道的电力发明了灯泡.
He went on to invent many more things, such as the first movie projector.
他继续发明了更多的东西,例如第一部电影放映机.
Conclusion You might think that all the good things have been invented and that there is little left to invent.
结论 你可能认为,所有的好东西都是被发明的,而且没有什么可以发明的了.
But that is not true.
但事实并非如此。
There is always a need to make things better.
总是需要使事情变得更好。
With each new invention, creation, and exploration, another is sure to follow.
每一次新的发明、创造和探索 都必然会随之而来
Maybe you will be the person who will invent the next product to make life easier or more exciting for us all!
也许你会成为发明下一个产品的人 让生活变得更容易或更激动人心!
Glossary digital (adj.)
数字词汇(adj.)
relating to storing information as numbers (p.
信息作为数字储存(第2页)
15) engine (n.)
15)发动机 (n.
a machine that uses energy to create movement (p.
使用能产生运动的机器(p.
7) integrated tiny electronic parts that make circuits (n.)
7) 集成的微小电子部件能使电路(n.
a computer work (p.
a 计算机工作(p.
16) invention (n.)
16) 发明 (n.
a new device or process (p.
新设备或进程(p.
4) inventors (n.)
4) 发明家 (n.
creators of a new device or process (p.
新设备或过程的创建者(p.
18) micro– tiny chips that contain many processors (n.)
18)微小-微小芯片,包含许多处理器(n.
integrated circuits (p.
集成电路(p.
16) patent (n.)
16) 专利(n.
legal rights to an invention (p.
发明的合法权利(p.
11) process (n.)
11) 工艺(n.)
a series of actions (p.
一系列动作(p.
4) products (n.)
4)产品 (n.
items or objects (p.
项或物体(p.
10) programmed (v.)
10) 编入方案(五.
told how to do actions using computer code (p.
告诉如何使用计算机代码进行动作(p.
14) software (n.)
14) 软件 (n.
computer programs (p.
计算机程序(p.
16) transistor (n.)
16)晶体管(n.
a small device that controls the flow of electricity in electronic items (p.
一个控制电子物品中电力流动的小装置(p.
16) Index automobile, 7, 13 Benz, Karl, 8 carts, 6, 7 computers, 14–17 Edison, Thomas, 11, 18 exploration, 9, 10, 19 engines gasoline, 7 jet, 8 rocket, 8 An inventor demonstrates a new device for picking up Ping-Pong balls.
16)指数汽车,7,13奔驰, 卡尔,8个推车,6,7个计算机,14–17个爱迪生,托马斯,11,18个探索,9,10,19个引擎汽油,7个喷气机,8个火箭, 8,一位发明家展示了取出乒乓球的新装置.