the Great
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Great Leader.
内容表 一个伟大的领袖。
4 Preparing to Be King.
4准备成为国王。
5 Becoming King.
5成为国王。
9 The Life of Alexander the Great.
9 亚历山大大帝生平.
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Alexander’s Empire at Its Peak, 323 bc BLACK SEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA Euphrates River Hydaspes River ARABIAN SEA CASPIAN SEA PERSIA INDIA ASIA MINOR MACEDONIA EGYPT RED SEA PERSIAN GULF Nile River Alexandria Taxila Babylon Alexander’s empire Exploration route A Great Leader Nearly 2,300 years ago, there lived a powerful leader named Alexander the Great.
16 亚历山大帝国在它的峰顶, 323 bc BLACK SEA MEDITRANANEAN SEA EARBARATES River Hydaspes River 阿拉伯 SEA CASPIAN SEA PERSIA INDIA MINOR MACEDONIA EGYPT RED SEA PERSIAN GULF 尼罗河 亚历山德里亚 塔西拉 巴比伦 亚历山大的帝国探索路线 一个伟大的领袖 在近2300年前,有一个强大的领袖 名叫亚历山大大帝。
Alexander was the king of Macedonia, which was part of ancient Greece.
亚历山大是马其顿的国王,马其顿是古希腊的一部分.
Alexander set out with his armies to explore and claim new lands.
亚历山大与他的军队一起出发去探索和要求新的土地.
He ended up with a great empire.
他最终建立了一个伟大的帝国.
Alexander’s father, Philip II, became king of Macedonia in 359 bc.
亚历山大的父亲腓特烈二世于359bc成为马其顿国王.
Olympias, Alexander’s mother, knew that if her son were king, she would keep her place among royalty.
亚历山大的母亲奥林匹亚知道,如果她的儿子是国王,她会保留自己在皇室中的地位.
Preparing to Be King Alexander was born in 356 bc.
准备成为亚历山大国王,生于356 bc.
Alexander’s father, Philip II, was king of Macedonia before Alexander.
亚历山大的父亲腓特烈二世在亚历山大面前是马其顿国王.
With the support of a powerful army, Philip kept Macedonia and most of the surrounding Greek city-states under his control.
在一支强大的军队的支持下,腓特烈将马其顿和周围大部分希腊城邦保存在他控制下.
Alexander’s mother, Olympias, firmly wanted her son to be king of Macedonia one day.
亚历山大的母亲奥林匹亚斯坚决希望她的儿子有一天能成为马其顿国王.
Alexander wanted to be a powerful leader.
亚历山大想成为一个强大的领袖.
Bucephalus, Alexander’s horse, was a constant companion to him.
亚历山大的马布塞法卢斯是他的常客。
Alexander’s strengths became clear at an early age.
亚历山大的长处从小就变得明显.
When he was twelve years old, Philip decided not to buy a horse because it was too nervous.
12岁时,菲利普因为马太紧张而决定不买马.
Alexander noticed that the horse was frightened by its own shadow.
亚历山大注意到了马被自己的影子所吓倒.
By turning the horse’s head away from its shadow, he was able to calm the horse.
通过把马头从它的阴影中移开,他得以平息了马.
Alexander then rode his new horse, whose name was Bucephalus, with ease.
亚历山大后又骑起他的新马来,其名取自"布塞法卢斯"(Bucephalus),轻而易举.
Bucephalus and Alexander would be together for life.
布斯法勒斯和亚历山大会永远在一起
A statue of Aristotle is on display at his birthplace in Stagira, Greece.
亚里士多德一尊雕像正在他位于希腊斯塔吉拉的出生地展出.
When Alexander was growing up, his father was often away.
亚历山大长大后,他的父亲经常出走.
Philip relied on special teachers to prepare his son to be king.
菲利普依靠特殊的老师来为他的儿子准备成为国王.
Young men of Greece had to learn to hunt, ride horses, and fight with swords, javelins, and bows.
希腊的年轻人不得不学习打猎,骑马,并用剑,贾维林和弓箭相搏.
Alexander and his friends needed to learn these skills to survive in battle.
亚历山大和他的朋友们需要学习这些技能来在战斗中生存.
Philip asked Aristotle—a very wise man—to teach Alexander science, history, and other subjects.
菲利普要求亚里士多德——一个非常有智慧的人——教授亚历山大科学,历史等学科.
Aristotle was respected for his intelligence.
亚里士多德的智力受到尊重.
He also helped Alexander appreciate art and culture.
他还帮助亚历山大欣赏了艺术和文化.
Alexander became king of Macedonia when he was twenty years old.
亚历山大20岁时成为马其顿国王.
As he grew older, Alexander took on more responsibilities, including leading soldiers in battle.
随着年龄的增长,亚历山大承担了更多的责任,包括战斗中的领军人物.
Alexander was raised to be the next king.
亚历山大被提升为下一位国王.
However, in 337 bc, Philip married a woman who was born in Macedonia.
然而,在337 bc中,菲利普与一名生于马其顿的妇女结婚.
Olympias was not a Macedonian.
奥林匹亚不是马其顿人
If Philip had a baby with his new wife, the child would be first in line to become king instead of Alexander.
如果菲利普与他的新妻子生下孩子,孩子会先排队成为国王而不再成为亚历山大.
In 336 bc, Philip’s new wife had a baby girl.
在336 bc中,菲利普的新妻子生了个女婴.
In the same year, a man killed Philip.
同年,有一人杀害了菲利普.
The new baby was too young to take the throne, and after Philip’s death, Alexander became king.
新婴儿还太年轻,无法登上王位,腓力死后,亚历山大出任国王.
Macedonia and the City-States BLACK SEA MEDITERRANEAN SEA AEGEAN SEA MACEDONIA ASIA MINOR Pella Delphi Thebes Athens Corinth There were several Greek city-states, each with its own capital.
马其顿和中亚各城市国家 佩拉·德尔菲·特比斯·雅典·科林斯 当时有数个希腊城邦,每个都有自己的首都.
This map shows some of the most powerful capitals.
这幅地图显示了一些最强大的首都.
The areas surrounding the capitals formed the states.
首都周围地区组成了各州。
Becoming King As soon as he became king, Alexander called on his father’s army for support.
成为国王 亚历山大一出任国王,就呼吁父亲的军队支持.
Persia was Greece’s long-time enemy and had taken Greek land in Asia Minor.
波斯是希腊的长期敌人,并且已经夺取了希腊在亚细亚的土地.
Like Philip, Alexander wanted to rule Persia and more.
和菲利普一样,亚历山大想统治波斯等地.
Many of the Greek city-states supported Alexander, but others were not sure about the young king and his grand ideas.
许多希腊城邦都支持亚历山大,但其他人对年轻的国王和他宏伟的想法并不确定.
The states had the power to keep Alexander from ruling Greece and could also ruin his plans in Asia.
各州有权力阻止亚历山大统治希腊,也可能破坏他在亚洲的计划.
Alexander used force to maintain rule and silence people who opposed him.
亚历山大使用武力来维持统治并压制反对他的人.
A year after becoming king, he set off for Asia Minor.
成为国王一年后,他启程前往"亚细亚".
When Alexander arrived in Asia Minor in 334 bc, he threw his spear into the ground and claimed the land.
当亚历山大于334bc抵达亚洲小地(Asia Minor)后,他将矛头扔入地并夺回了土地.
Soon after, the Macedonians fought the Persians in a battle at the Granicus River.
不久后,马其顿人又在格拉尼库斯河战役中出战波斯.
Both armies were well trained on horseback and on foot.
两军都精通骑马和步行.
The Persians, however, fell quickly to the speed and power of the Macedonians.
然而波斯人却迅速倒向了马其顿人的速度和力量.
Alexander and his men moved on.
亚历山大和他的手下继续前进.
Next, Alexander and his army freed Greek cities along the Aegean Sea.
接下来,亚历山大和他的军队解放了爱琴海沿岸的希腊城市.
Darius III, the king of Persia, went to fight Alexander and the Greeks in the Battle of Issus.
波斯国王大流士三世去与亚历山大和希腊人在伊苏斯之战中作战.
The Persians again lost to the Macedonians.
波斯人再次败给马其顿人.
Darius managed to escape.
大流士成功逃脱.
Alexander understood how to approach a battle, often with great speed and surprise.
亚历山大明白如何接近一场战斗,常常以极大的速度和出人意料的方式.
A stone carving depicts Alexander on his horse in the Battle of Issus.
一块石刻描绘了亚历山大在伊苏斯战役中骑在马上.
Alexander traveled south to stop Persian ships by taking control of cities along the Mediterranean Sea.
亚历山大向南出行,通过控制地中海一带的城市来阻止波斯船只.
Some fought back, but the Macedonians’ strength and skill dominated.
有些人还击,但马其顿人的实力和技能占主导地位。
In 332 bc, Alexander marched south into Egypt.
332 bc中,亚历山大向南进军埃及.
The Persian leader there gave Alexander control.
那里的波斯领导人给了亚历山大控制权.
Alexander gave Egyptians government positions.
亚历山大授予了埃及人政府职位.
He permitted their religion.
他允许他们的宗教。
The Egyptians welcomed him.
埃及人欢迎他。
Alexander decided to move farther into Asia, east of Asia Minor.
亚历山大决定更远地迁入亚洲,亚细亚以东.
In what is Iraq today, the final battle with the Persians took place in 331 bc.
在今天的伊拉克,与波斯人的最后一战发生在331 bc.
Darius again fled the battlefield after losing to the Macedonians.
大流士在输给马其顿人后再次逃离了战场.
Now Alexander ruled the Persian Empire.
现在亚历山大统治了波斯帝国.
He traveled through Persia trying to find Darius.
他穿越了波斯,试图找到达利乌斯.
Before Alexander could find him, however, Darius was killed by a local leader.
然而在亚历山大能找到他之前,达利乌斯被当地领导人所杀.
Alexander took over his father’s army when he became king.
亚历山大出任国王后接任了父亲的军队.
The army’s strength in battle came in part from fighting in a tight rectangular formation.
陆军在战斗中的实力部分来自于以紧凑的长方形阵型作战.
The generals who had fought with Philip helped Alexander, and his leadership skill on the battlefield was outstanding.
曾与腓力作战的将领帮助了亚历山大,他在战场上的领导技巧也非常出众.
He seemed to know what his enemies would do, and he knew exactly when and where to attack.
他似乎知道他的敌人会做什么,他知道确切的时间和地点攻击.
Foot soldiers in tight formations carried spears that were sometimes 6 meters (20 ft.)
脚部士兵以紧凑的阵型搭载了长矛,有的时候有6米(20英尺).
long.
长.
A Greek soldier with a knife, called a dagger, helmet, and shield.
一个希腊士兵拿着一把刀,叫做匕首,头盔和盾牌.
Alexander’s Army As Alexander gained control of more land and people, he started following Persian customs and asked his men to do the same.
亚历山大的军队随着亚历山大得到更多的土地和人民的控制,他开始遵循波斯的风俗,并请求他的部下也这样做.
He began to demand that the Macedonians bow to him as the Persians did.
他开始要求马其顿人像波斯人一样向他鞠躬.
Many Macedonians did not like Alexander’s new ways.
许多马其顿人不喜欢亚历山大的新方式.
Alexander the Great built the biggest empire Europe had known, including land in Greece, Asia, and Africa.
亚历山大大帝建立了欧洲最大的帝国 包括希腊、亚洲和非洲的土地
The Macedonian army struggled in 326 bc in the land they called India (Afghanistan and Pakistan now) as they moved farther east.
马其顿军队在326 bc 在他们称为印度(阿富汗和巴基斯坦)的地盘上挣扎,
After winning a difficult battle, Alexander continued on through India.
在赢得了一场艰难的战役后,亚历山大继续穿越印度.
He was badly injured along the way but managed to recover.
他一路受了重伤,但得以康复。
Alexander pushed his men to keep moving, even though it caused them great danger.
亚历山大推动他的部下继续前进,尽管这给他们带来了巨大的危险.
After fighting for nearly ten years, many of Alexander’s men were tired and wanted to go home.
经过近十年的战斗后,亚历山大的许多部下感到疲惫并想回家.
They finally convinced him to turn around.
他们最终说服他转身.
They made it to Babylon in 323 bc.
他们在323 bc中到达了巴比伦.
However, Alexander came down with a fever, and in June of that year, Alexander the Great died, just before he turned thirty-three.
然而,亚历山大带着发烧而来,同年6月,亚历山大大帝去世了,就在他三十三岁前.
Historians think Alexander’s horse, Bucephalus, died in 326 bc after a battle in India.
历史学家认为亚历山大的马布塞法卢斯在印度的一战后于326bc中去世.
The Life of Alexander the Great Alexander’s empire included parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa.
亚历山大大帝的生平包括了欧洲,亚洲,非洲的部分地区.
His life was not just about taking control of land and ruling people.
他的生活不仅仅是控制土地和统治人民。
Perhaps because of his early education, he learned the traditions of his new empire, and in turn, he and the Macedonians spread Greek culture in new lands.
也许因为他的早期教育,他学习了自己新帝国的传统,而反过来他和马其顿人又在新地上传播了希腊文化.
Alexander became a role model for the rulers and explorers who followed.
亚历山大成为了后来的统治者和探险家的榜样.
He opened doors to new places and helped create an exchange of new ideas.
他打开了通往新地的大门,并帮助创造了新思想的交流.
Alexander becomes king of Macedonia bc: Defeats Darius and the Persians in Asia 343 bc: Aristotle becomes Alexander’s teacher bc: Defeats the Persians led by Darius at the Battle of Issus bc: Dies in Babylon 356 bc: Born in Macedonia 340 bc: Stops a war on Macedonia’s eastern border bc: Advances into Persia, wins the first battle bc: Invades Egypt, where he is welcomed 326 bc: Wins his last battle in India bc: Bucephalus becomes Alexander’s horse Alexander Conquers the World 360 bc 320 bc Glossary city-states (n.)
亚历山大成为马其顿国王 bc: Deveats Darius and the Persian in Asia 343 bc: Aristodle成为亚历山大的老师 bc: 在Issus bc战役中被大流士所率领的波斯人被击败 Bc: 在巴比伦死亡 356 bc:生于马其顿 340 bc:停止了对马其顿东部边境的战争 bc:进军波斯,赢得了第一次战斗 bc: Invades Egypine, 在那里受到欢迎 326 bc:胜出他在印度的最后一战 bc: Bucephalus成为了亚历山大的马 Alexander Conquers the World 360 bc 320 bc Cc词汇城邦 (n).
cities or urban areas that act as independent countries (p.
作为独立国家的城市或城市地区(p.
5) claim (v.)
(5) 索赔(五.)
to say that something is one’s right or property (p.
表示某物是个人的权利或财产(p.
4) control (n.)
4)控制 (n.
the power to influence or restrict a situation or someone’s behavior; the ability or power to manage an object (p.
(一) 影响或限制某一情况或某人行为的权力;
5) dominated (v.)
5) 为主(五.
had continuing power or a commanding presence over (p.
拥有持续的权力或指挥存在(p.
11) empire (n.)
11) 帝国 (n.
a collection of nations or people ruled by one person or government (p.
由一人或政府统治的国家或人民汇编(p.
4) explore (v.)
4) 探索 (五.
to observe and learn about an area by traveling over or through it (p.
观察和了解一个区域,通过旅行或穿过它(p.
4) intelligence (n.)
4)情报 (n.
the ability to learn and understand (p.
学习和理解的能力(p.
7) javelins (n.)
7) 贾维林 (n.