Animals
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Living Light.
内容活光表.
4 Reasons to Glow.
4 格劳的原因.
5 The Science Behind the Glow.
(原始内容存档于2018-10-10). The Science Behind the Glow.
10 Three Ways to Glow.
10 三道去克劳.
13 Habitats of Glowing Animals.
13 光荣动物栖息地.
16 More to Know and Explore.
16 更多要了解和探索。
18 Glossary.
18 词汇。
20 Living Light Some animals carry their own light— insects on land flash in the night, and fish and other sea creatures glow.
20 有的动物携带自己的光 -- -- 夜间在地上闪光的昆虫,而鱼类和其他海洋生物会发光。
These glowing animals make their own light.
这些发光的动物会自己发光
They are bioluminescent (BY-oh-loo-mih-NEH-sent).
它们是生发光(BY-oh-loo-mih-NEH-sent).
This long word means “life glowing.”
这个长词意味着“生命发光。 “
The first part, bio, comes from a Greek word that means “life.”
第一部分是生物,取自希腊语中“生命”一词。 “
The second part, luminescent, comes from a Latin word that means “glowing.”
第二部分为"发光",取自拉丁语中"发光"的意思. “
Flashing fireflies are beetles that are active at night.
有闪闪发光的萤火虫是夜间活活的甲虫.
Reasons to Glow Animals flash and glow to help them survive on land and in the sea.
葛洛动物的发光和发光 是为了帮助他们在陆地和海上生存
Their lights can be red, yellow, green, or blue.
它们的灯光可以是红色,黄色,绿色,也可以是蓝色.
They use their lights to signal, hunt, and hide.
他们用灯来信号、打猎和隐藏
They also use them to call for help and to fool their enemies.
他们还利用他们来求取帮助并愚弄他们的敌人.
Glowing helps them survive.
光荣帮助他们生存。
Most kinds of glowing animals live in the sea—very few live on land.
大多数种类发光的动物生活在海洋中,在陆地上生活的人很少。
You may have seen one of these glowing land animals on a warm summer evening.
你也许在温暖的夏天晚上 见过这些发光的陆地动物之一
It’s the firefly, a kind of beetle.
是萤火虫,一种甲虫。
Fireflies produce the glow in their abdomen, the hind part of their bodies.
萤火虫在其腹部产生发光,即其身体后部.
The light is like a tiny flashlight switching on and off.
灯光就像一个微小的手电筒 打开和关闭。
This flashing is a signal that helps these beetles communicate and find each other.
这种闪烁是一种信号,能帮助这些甲虫相互沟通并找到对方.
Some glowing sea animals use their light to hunt.
一些发光的海生动物用光来打猎.
The anglerfish has a stalk on its head that acts like a fishing rod.
钓角鱼的头部有一根茎 有钓鱼棒的作用
The tip of the stalk has a glowing white light that attracts small ocean fish.
茎尖有发光的白光,能吸引出小海鱼.
As the anglerfish moves its “lure” back and forth in water, the small fish come close to investigate.
当取角鱼在水中前后移动时,小鱼就近调查。
Then the anglerfish swallows them whole in one big gulp.
然后取角鱼吞下它们整个 在一个大口。
The anglerfish uses the glow on the tip of its stalk to “fish” for food.
取角鱼利用鱼茎尖端的发光来取取取食物。
Other animals use their glow to hide from predators—animals that want to eat them.
其他动物利用光芒来躲避捕食者——想吃它们的动物.
Some squid squirt chemicals into the ocean water to make a glowing cloud.
一些鱿鱼将化学物质喷入出海水来做发光云.
This glow hides the squid so the predator can’t find it.
捕食者无法找到它。
Then the squid escapes.
后被乌贼出逃.
Krill are glowing sea animals that look like tiny shrimp.
克里尔在发光 海洋动物看起来像小虾
They use their glow to keep from becoming the prey of fish and other ocean animals that want to eat them.
它们利用自己的光芒来避免成为想吃它们的鱼类和其他海洋动物的猎物.
Millions of krill use their lights to signal each other.
数百万磷虾利用灯光互相信号.
The signals help them gather together in huge groups.
信号可以帮助他们聚集成大群.
These glowing, swirling swarms confuse the whales, sea lions, and fish that all rely on krill for food.
这些发光的,卷起的群落 迷惑了鲸鱼,海狮和鱼 它们都依赖磷虾来取食
Krill are an important food for many ocean animals.
磷虾是许多海洋动物的重要食物.
A glowing squid glides through the water.
一只发光的鱿鱼从水中滑过
Some sea animals use their glow to fool predators that are swimming around below them.
一些海生动物用它们的光芒来愚弄在它们下面游来游去的捕食者.
Their glowing light looks similar to the moonlight or sunlight that shines down into the ocean.
它们发光的光线看起来类似于月光或阳光照入海洋.
The glow allows these animals to blend in against the bright surface of the water and makes it hard for predators to see them from below.
这种光能让这些动物在水面上与明亮的表面相融合,使捕食者很难从下方看到它们.
The belly of the cookie-cutter shark glows with a pale blue-green color.
饼干-克特鲨的腹部以苍白的蓝绿色发光.
This glow matches the sunlit water above the swimming shark.
这种光线与游泳鲨鱼上方被晒出的水相匹配.
The blue-green glow camouflages, or hides, the shark.
蓝绿色发光的伪装, 或隐藏,鲨鱼。
The shark also has a small, dark patch on its belly that does not glow.
鲨鱼的腹部也有一个小而暗的斑点,不会发光.
This dark patch tricks other fish because it looks like the shadow of a small fish.
这种黑暗的补丁把其他的鱼耍了 因为看起来像小鱼的影子
When a bigger fish comes near to catch it, the cookie-cutter shark attacks and eats the fish.
当更大型的鱼接近捕捉时,饼干-切口鲨鱼会攻击并吃掉鱼.
The Science Behind the Glow What makes these animals glow?
光线背后的科学 是什么让这些动物发光的?
Bioluminescent animals have two special chemicals in their bodies: luciferin and luciferase.
生物发光动物体内有两种特有化学物质:露西费林和露西费尔酶.
When these chemicals mix with oxygen, they produce light.
当这些化学物质与氧气混合时,它们会产生光.
This chemically created light is different from the light that lightbulbs make.
这种由化学产生的光与灯泡所形成的光不同.
You would not touch a lightbulb that’s switched on—you might burn yourself.
无法触摸打开的灯泡,
That’s because an electric lightbulb generates lots of heat as well as light.
因为电灯泡能产生大量的热量,
But the glow that animals make would not hurt you because it’s a cool glow.
但动物的发光不会伤害你,
A glowing animal gives off very little heat.
发光的动物发热很少
Hatchetfish use their glow to hide from fish below them.
海克特鱼利用它们的光芒躲在它们的下方
How do glowing animals turn their glow on and off?
发光的动物是如何打开和关闭发光的?
Some scientists believe the secret is oxygen.
一些科学家认为这个秘密是氧气.
They think that oxygen fuels the glow, and they believe that animals can turn their glow on or off by turning the supply of oxygen up or down.
他们认为氧气能为发光提供燃料,他们相信动物可以通过将氧气供应向上或向下关闭来打开或关闭发光.
Other scientists have a different idea.
其他科学家有不同的想法.
They think that a tiny molecule in the animal’s body acts like a switch to turn the lights on and off.
他们认为动物体内的微小分子就像开关一样打开和关闭灯光。
No one knows for sure.
没人知道
Blink your eye.
闪闪发光
That’s how quickly some animals flash.
有些动物如此快地闪来。
Now take your time and count to ten.
慢慢来,数到十
That’s how slowly some animals flash.
有些动物如此缓慢地闪现。
And some animals glow for a long, long time without stopping.
有些动物会发光很长时间,没有停止。
The glow from ocean animals comes in several different colors.
海洋动物的发光有几种不同的颜色。
Animals in the oceans glow mostly blue or green, but some glow red.
海洋中的动物发光主要是蓝色或绿色,但有一些发光是红色.
Glowing land animals most often give off a green or yellow light.
地上动物最常发出绿色或黄色的光.
Three Ways to Glow Some bioluminescent animals make their light inside their body—the chemicals and oxygen are mixed inside them.
三道去克劳 一些生物发光的动物在体内发光——化学物质和氧气在体内混合.
Some jellyfish produce enough light to make their whole body glow from the inside.
一些水母产生的光线足够使其全身从内部发光.
Others make only parts of their body glow.
其他人只让身体的一部分发光。
Other animals produce their glow outside their bodies.
其他动物在身体外产生出出它们的发光.
They squirt the chemicals into the seawater.
他们把化学物质喷入海水
Then the chemicals mix with the oxygen in the water.
然后化学物质与水中的氧气相混合.
That’s how some shrimp can spit out a glowing cloud.
有些虾子可以吐出一朵发光的云。
The shining blue cloud scares predators, and the shrimp swims away.
光辉的蓝云会吓跑掠食者,而虾会游走.
This jellyfish lights up its whole body.
水母会照亮整个身体
A nylon shrimp spits out a glowing blue cloud when frightened.
尼龙虾一被吓出一团发光的蓝云.
A few glowing animals do not make their own light—they borrow it.
有几只发光的动物,不能自取光明--他们借它。
They use the glow of tiny animals called bacteria.
它们使用被称作细菌的细小动物所发光.
The flashlight fish stores about a billion glowing bacteria inside a pouch beneath each eye.
闪光灯鱼将大约十亿个发光细菌储存在每只眼睛下方的一袋内.
Sometimes the flashlight fish looks as if it’s blinking.
有时,
That’s when the fish rolls the pouches up and down to turn the light on and off.
这时鱼卷起邮袋上下,
Now you see it, now you don’t.
现在,你看到了,现在你没有。
Habitats of Glowing Animals Bioluminescent sea animals live in all of Earth’s oceans.
生物发光的海洋动物生活在地球所有海洋中。
Some live near the surface.
有些生活在地表附近.
But most glowing animals live deeper down, from about 200 meters (656 ft) to about 1,000 meters (3,281 ft).
但大多数发光动物活得更深,从约200米(656英尺)到约1000米(3,281英尺).
Scientists call this area the twilight zone.
科学家称这一地区为"light".
Sunlight in this middle part of the ocean is a dim blue-green color.
阳光在海洋的中段是暗淡的蓝绿色.
Most of the glowing animals in the twilight zone produce a matching blue-green light.
黄昏地带的大部分发光动物产生相匹配的蓝绿色光.
The flashlight fish has a glowing pouch beneath each eye.
手电筒鱼每只眼睛下都有一个发光的邮袋.
Other glowing sea animals live even deeper down, at the very bottom of the ocean.
其他发光的海生动物 生活在更深的海底
No sunlight reaches this deep.
没有阳光到达这个深处。
All the animals that live at this depth are bioluminescent, and they provide the only light in this part of the salty ocean.
所有生活在这个深度的动物都是有生光的,它们提供了这片咸海中唯一的光.
Only a few kinds of glowing animals make their home on land.
只有少数种类的发光动物在陆地上制造出自己的家.
Among them are fireflies, glowworms, and the two-colored railroad worm.
其中有萤火虫,发光虫,并有双色铁道虫等.
More to Know and Explore Scientists use glowing animals to learn more about nature.
更需要了解和探索科学家使用发光的动物来多了解自然.
They study the way that small glowing animals move through water.
他们研究了小型发光动物在水中移动的方式.
Watching these tiny animals helps them learn how larger animals move through water.
观察这些细小的动物,有助于他们了解更大型的动物如何从水中移动.
Scientists also use animal bioluminescence to learn more about diseases, such as cancer.
科学家还利用动物生物发光来多了解癌症等疾病.
A scientist studies tiny jellyfish in a tank.
一位科学家研究了水母中的细小水母.
Banded glowworms give off a yellow-green light.
带状发光虫会发出一盏黄绿色的光.
Oceans cover about seventy percent of Earth’s surface.
海洋覆盖了地球表面的约70%。
As a result, oceans are the largest habitat on Earth.
因此,海洋是地球上最大的栖息地.
When scientists explore new parts of oceans, they discover new kinds of animals.
当科学家探索出海洋的新部分时,他们发现了新的动物种类.
In 2009, scientists found a new kind of glowing animal, a swimming worm.
2009年,科学家发现了一种新型发光动物,一种游泳蠕虫.
They call it a green bomber.
他们称之为绿色轰炸机。
To escape from enemies, green bombers release little balloons of skin filled with a fluid that glows green.
为了从敌人中逃脱,绿色轰炸机释放出皮肤上充满了发光绿色的液体的小气球.
The glowing skin confuses enemies, which allows the green bombers to swim away.
发光的皮肤迷惑了敌人,这使得绿色轰炸机可以游走.
As scientists explore more parts of Earth’s oceans, they hope to discover more strange new animals that glow in the dark.
当科学家探索地球海洋的更多地段时,他们希望发现更奇怪的新动物在黑暗中发光.
Glossary bacteria (n.)
词汇细菌(n.)
small one-celled organisms that sometimes cause infections and disease (p.
小型一细胞生物,有时会导致感染和疾病(p.
15) bioluminescent (adj.)
15)生物发光(adj.
glowing with light from chemical reactions made by living things (p.
以活物所生出化学反应所发出的光发光(p.
4) camouflages (v.)
4)伪装(五.
blends into the background; hides (p.
混合到背景; 隐藏 (p.
9) luciferase (n.)
9) 活活活塞 (n.
a chemical that helps create light in bioluminescent animals (p.
一种能帮助生物发光动物发光(p.
10) luciferin (n.)
10) 鲁西费林 (n.
a chemical that helps create light in bioluminescent animals (p.
一种能帮助生物发光动物发光(p.
10) molecule (n.)
10)分子 (n.
the smallest part of a substance that can exist by itself, made of two or more atoms (p.
由两个或多个原子所制成的物质本身可以存在的最小部分(p.
11) oxygen (n.)
11) 氧气(n.
a gas that has no color, taste, or smell and that people need to live (p.
一种没有颜色、味觉或嗅觉的气体,人们需要活(p.
10) predators (n.)
10) 食肉动物 (n.
animals that hunt and eat other animals to survive (p.
猎取并吃取其他动物以生存的动物(p.
7) prey (n.)
7)被猎物 (n.
an animal that is hunted and eaten by a predator (p.
被捕食者猎取并吃掉的动物(p.
8) twilight zone (n.)
8) t区 (n.
the area of the ocean from about 200 meters (656 ft) to about 1,000 meters (3,281 ft) deep (p.
海洋面积从约200米(656英尺)到约1000米(3,281英尺)深(p.
16) A green bomber releases glowing skin sacs to confuse predators.
16)绿色轰炸机会放出发光的皮囊来混淆掠食者.