Carver
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Ruined Land.
内容列表 A 被破坏地.
4 Born a Slave.
4生为奴.
6 Learning on His Own.
6 学习自己。
8 Making a Difference.
8 作出改变。
11 Ideas Are Free.
11 思想是免费的。
15 Unfair to Farmers.
15 对农民不公平。
16 A Lasting Legacy.
16 A 持久遗产。
18 Glossary.
18 词汇。
20 A Ruined Land George Washington Carver was shocked by what he saw from the window of the train.
20 一地被破坏 乔治·华盛顿 卡弗对从列车窗口所见所闻感到震惊.
It was 1896, and families lived in crumbling shacks with cotton planted all the way up to the porch.
当时是1896年,有家庭住在一塌糊涂的棚屋里,一直到门廊都种植了棉花.
The Alabama farmland was eroded and cracked.
阿拉巴马州的农田被侵蚀和破裂。
The cotton plants were as skinny and unhealthy as the children.
棉花厂和孩子一样瘦又不健康。
In Alabama, George Washington Carver saw cotton—and little else— growing everywhere.
在阿拉巴马州,乔治华盛顿 卡佛看到棉花—— 和很少的棉花—— 到处生长。
During the Civil War (1861–1865), many of the old plantations of the South had been destroyed.
南北战争期间(1861–1865年),南方许多老种植园被摧毁.
More than 600,000 people had died during the fighting, leaving farms abandoned or not cared for.
超过60万人在战斗中丧生,使农场被遗弃或得不到照顾。
More than four million slaves had been freed, but most had no education and few skills to make a life for themselves.
已有400多万名奴隶获释,但大多数奴隶没有受过教育,也没有谋生的技能。
Thirty years after the war, many of the freed slaves could barely feed their families.
战争后30年,许多被解放的奴隶几乎无法养活家人.
Professor Carver had given up a good job teaching at an Iowa college to come to Alabama to help the struggling farmers.
卡弗教授放弃了在爱荷华州一所学院教书的好工作,来到阿拉巴马州帮助挣扎的农民.
He would help them by teaching that too much of a good thing can become a bad thing.
他会教他们 太多的好事会变成坏事
What was ruining their farms was too much cotton.
摧毁他们的农场的是太多的棉花。
Born a Slave George was born in Missouri in 1864, during the Civil War.
1864年出生于密苏里州,内战期间为奴隶乔治.
His mother was a slave, so George was born a slave, too.
他的母亲是奴隶,所以乔治生来也是奴隶.
When George was a baby, night riders stole him and his mother.
乔治还小的时候,夜行者把他和他的母亲偷走了.
Moses and Susan Carver, the couple who owned them, sent a man to find them.
拥有他们的一对夫妇摩西和苏珊·卡弗(Susan Carver)派了一个人去寻找他们.
He found George, but his mother was never seen again.
他找到了乔治,但他的母亲却再也没有被人看见.
Iowa Missouri Alabama Texas Arkansas Illinois Michigan Wisconsin Kansas Oklahoma Nebraska Minnesota S.
爱荷华州密苏里州 阿拉巴马州 阿肯色州 伊利诺伊州 密歇根州 威斯康辛州 堪萨斯州 俄克拉荷马州 内布拉斯加州 明尼苏达州 S.
Dakota Georgia Florida Mississippi Louisiana Tennessee Kentucky West Virginia Indiana Ohio GULF OF MEXICO Carver grew up in Missouri, studied in Kansas and Iowa, and worked in Alabama.
达科他州 乔治亚州 佛罗里达州 密西西比州 路易斯安那州 田纳西肯塔基州 西弗吉尼亚州 印第安纳州 俄亥俄州 GULF OF MEXICO 卡弗在密苏里州长大,在堪萨斯州和爱荷华州学习,并在阿拉巴马州工作.
When the Civil War ended in 1865, George and his older brother, Jim, were freed.
1865年内战结束后,乔治和哥哥吉姆被释放.
The Carvers gave the orphaned boys a home.
卡弗斯给了孤儿一个家.
Jim helped Moses in the fields, but George was often sick and stayed at home to help Susan.
吉姆在田地上帮助了摩西,但乔治经常生病并留在家中去帮助苏珊.
She taught him to read, write, and sew, but George liked best to garden and explore nature.
她教他读书,写作,缝纫,但乔治最喜欢园艺和探索自然.
Learning on His Own George taught himself about the local plants and animals, but he wanted to go to school to learn even more.
学习他自己的乔治自学了当地的动植物,但他想去学校学习更多的.
Many schools at that time were segregated, which meant that white and black students could not attend the same school.
当时许多学校被隔离,这意味着白人和黑人学生不能在同一所学校上学.
The local school did not allow black students, so when George was twelve, he left home to go to school.
当地学校不允许黑人学生入学,因此乔治12岁时就离家出走去上学.
He lived with another couple, the Watkins, and worked for his meals and room.
他与另一对夫妇沃特金夫妇住在一起,为他的膳食和房间工作.
At thirteen, he moved to Kansas.
13岁时,他搬到了堪萨斯州.
Terror in the Night During and after the days of slavery, groups of men roamed the countryside terrifying, robbing, and murdering people.
在奴隶制期间和之后的夜晚里,一群人在乡村上游荡着恐怖、抢劫和杀人。
These men wanted black people to remain slaves.
这些人希望黑人成为奴隶.
They hoped to scare or punish black people who tried to escape or improve their lives.
他们希望恐吓或惩罚试图逃跑或改善生活的黑人.
The men dressed in sheets to look like ghosts.
那些穿着被子的男人看起来像鬼
Because they attacked at night, they were known as night riders.
因为他们在夜间出击被称作"夜间骑手".
George’s Name George’s mother gave him his first name, and he was known as Carver’s George.
乔治的母亲给他取了名字,他被称为"卡维尔的乔治".
When he moved at age 12, Mariah Watkins, the woman he lived with, told him he was no one’s property: He should say his name was George Carver.
当他12岁时搬家时, 和他住在一起的女人Mariah Watkins告诉他, 他应该说他叫乔治·卡弗
Later, because there was another George Carver in town, he added the initial W to avoid mix-ups.
后来,由于镇上还有另一个乔治·卡维尔(George Carver),他加入了最初的W来避免混入.
When someone asked what the W stood for years later, he said “Washington.”
几年后有人问W站在什么地位时,他说“华盛顿。 “
So, forever after, he was called George Washington Carver.
因此,他永远被称作"乔治·华盛顿·卡弗"(George Washington Carver).
George was unhappy, but he did not give up learning.
乔治不高兴,但他并没有放弃学习.
He farmed and taught himself to paint.
他耕种并教自己作画.
His friends encouraged him to try a different college.
他的朋友鼓励他尝试另一所大学.
He went to Simpson College in Iowa to study art, and this time, the college let him stay.
他到爱荷华州辛普森学院学习艺术,这次学院让他留下来.
George was happy at Simpson College, but he believed that he could help others more by studying agriculture, the science of farming.
乔治在辛普森学院(英语:Simpson College)很快乐,但他相信他可以通过学习农业,农业科学来帮助他人.
He moved to Iowa State Agricultural College and became the first black graduate there as well as the first black professor.
他搬到了爱荷华州立农业学院,并在那里成为了第一位黑人毕业生以及第一位黑人教授.
George worked for several families in Kansas until he graduated from high school.
乔治在堪萨斯州为几个家庭工作,直到高中毕业.
He received a scholarship to attend a Kansas college.
他获得奖学金进入了堪萨斯大学.
Yet when George got to the college, he was not allowed to stay because the college did not accept black students.
然而乔治进入学院后,却因为学院不接受黑人学生而不允许他留下来.
George could not attend college in Kansas because of his skin color.
乔治因肤色而不能入读堪萨斯大学.
George received his diploma from Iowa State Agricultural College.
乔治从爱荷华州立农业学院获得文凭.
Making a Difference In 1896, when Professor Carver arrived in Alabama, he quickly realized what was wrong with the cotton crop.
有所作为 1896年,卡维尔教授到达阿拉巴马州后,他很快意识到了棉花作物的毛病.
Years of growing only cotton had worn out the soil.
多年只种植棉花使土壤磨损。
The farmers barely made enough money to buy food, so there was no money to buy fertilizer.
农民勉强赚到足够的钱去买粮食,所以没有钱去买化肥.
Each year the crop was smaller, and the farmers were poorer.
每年的收成都比较小,农民也比较穷.
Professor Carver taught the farmers that dead leaves and swamp muck could be added to the soil—like fertilizer, but free.
卡弗教授教农民,死叶和沼泽泥浆可以被添加到土壤中——像肥料一样,但免费.
Planting sweet potatoes, peas, or peanuts in the fields after the cotton was picked also helped the soil.
棉花被取出后在田地上种植甜薯,豌豆或花生也帮助了土壤.
These crops put nitrogen, an important nutrient that the cotton crop used up, back in the soil.
这些作物将氮气,一种重要的营养物质,棉花作物用完后,重新放入土壤。
What’s more, these new crops were foods that farmers could eat.
这些新作物是农民可以吃的食物。
Carver sent out information about how to grow them and included recipes for tasty, new dishes.
卡弗送出了如何种植这些菜的信息,并包括了美味的新菜谱.
Now farmers could spend less money buying food from stores.
现在农民可以少花钱购买商店的食物.
Carver held a chunk of soil from a worn-out field.
卡弗持有一整块土壤 从磨损的地上。
Children helped pick cotton on a Mississippi plantation in the late 1800s.
18世纪后期,孩子们在密西西比种植园帮助摘取了棉花.
Still, farmers needed a way to sell these new crops.
然而,农民需要一种方法来出售这些新作物。
So Professor Carver became an inventor.
于是卡弗教授成为了一位发明家.
He developed more than a hundred ways to use sweet potatoes and three hundred ways to use peanuts!
他开发出一百多种使用甜薯的方法和三百种花生的方法!
Ideas Are Free By 1921, people were listening to Carver’s ideas.
思想是自由的 到1921年,人们开始聆听卡维尔的想法.
He was asked to speak before members of the U.
他被要求在U成员面前发言.
S.
师曰.
Congress.
国会.
Some of the members from the South, who were shocked to see a black man speaking to Congress, laughed and made fun of him.
南方的一些成员,看到一个黑人向国会讲话而大惊小怪地取笑并取笑他.
Still, he had been given ten minutes to talk, and he made the most of them.
尽管如此,他还是有10分钟的时间可以说话,他也充分利用了这些话。
The Truth About Peanut Butter Carver invented up to 300 uses for the peanut: pavement, grease, medicines, peanut coffee, peanut mayonnaise, peanut flour, peanut milk, shoe polish, bleach, sandpaper, and more.
花生酱卡佛发明了多达300种花生用途:人行道、油脂、药品、花生咖啡、花生蛋黄酱、花生面粉、花生牛奶、鞋油、漂白剂、沙纸等。
Contrary to popular belief, however, he did not create peanut butter.
然而,与大众信仰相反,他并没有创造花生酱.
The Aztecs are known to have eaten a paste made from peanuts.
已知阿兹特克人已经吃过花生所制成的糊.
Peter Pan and then Skippy were the first companies to make the creamy, tasty goo we eat today.
Peter Pan和Skippy是第一批 做奶油,美味的Goo我们今天吃。
Carver put Southern crops to work in his laboratory.
卡弗把南方的收成放到他的实验室工作.
Carver spoke to members of Congress about peanuts.
卡弗与国会议员们谈到花生.
Carver began to talk about all the things that could be made with the tiny peanut.
卡弗开始谈论用小花生可以制造出的一切.
The men fell silent.
诸人默然.
When his ten minutes were up, they gave him more time.
当他10分钟后, 他们给了他更多的时间。
In the end, Congress passed a law to help U.
最终国会通过法律来帮助U.
S.
师曰.
peanut farmers.
花生农民.
Over the years, Carver became as famous as many rock stars are today.
多年来,卡弗像今天许多摇滚明星一样出名.
Crowds gathered to hear the famed scientist speak.
人群聚集 听到著名的科学家说话。
The inventor Thomas Edison offered him a high-paying job in his lab, but Carver didn’t want it.
发明家托马斯·爱迪生(Thomas Edison)为他提供了一份高薪工作,
He wanted to help people more than he wanted to make money.
他想帮助的人比他想赚钱还多。
He believed that ideas were free, so they should be freely given.
他认为思想是自由的,所以应该自由给予.
Unfair to Farmers Carver spent forty-seven years helping poor farmers.
不公平的农民卡弗花了47年时间帮助贫穷农民.
There was a limit, though, to what one man and his science could do.
一个人和他的科学所能做的是有限的。
He could not change the unfair conditions that kept many farmers in the South poor.
他无法改变使许多农民在南方贫穷的不公平条件。
Carver greeted President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, around 1936.
卡弗问候了 富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福总统,1936年前后.
Many were sharecroppers who could not afford to buy land.
许多农民是农民,买不起土地。
Sharecroppers grew cotton on someone else’s land.
分享者在别人的土地上种植棉花。
Many of those who owned land in the South cheated their tenants by lending them money to buy supplies at high interest rates.
许多在南方拥有土地的人通过借钱给租户以高利率购买用品来欺骗租户.
The farmer’s share of the crop went to pay the landowner, so the farmer was left with nothing.
农民的作物份额去付给地主,所以农民一无所有.
Other farmers rented land.
其他农民租了地。
If a farmer worked hard to improve the land, the landowner could raise the rent.
如果农民努力改良土地,地主可以提高租金.
The farmer had to pay more or move.
农民必须多付或搬走。
A Lasting Legacy Other scientists during Carver’s time invented ways to use oil to make fuel, fertilizers, and plastics.
一个持久的遗产 卡维尔时期的其他科学家发明了使用石油来制造燃料,肥料和塑料的方法.
Carver realized that oil was a resource that would someday be used up.
卡弗意识到石油是一种总有一天会被耗尽的资源.
He experimented with fuel made from plants.
他实验了由植物所制造的燃料.
He encouraged farmers to use natural fertilizers instead of expensive, unsafe chemicals that polluted the land and water.
他鼓励农民使用天然肥料,而不是昂贵、不安全的化学品来污染土地和水。
He taught recycling, telling his students, “Save everything.
他教回收,告诉他的学生,“拯救一切。
From what you have make what you want.”
从所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所出所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所出所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所取所出. “
Carver knew natural compost would feed the soil, as in this community garden.
卡弗知道天然堆肥会养活土壤 就像这个社区花园一样
Math Minute Interest is the amount of money people are charged when they borrow money from other people or banks.
数学分钟 利息是人们向其他人或银行借钱时收取的金额.
If someone borrows $100 at an interest rate of 25% per year, that person will owe $125 after one year.
如果某人以每年25%的利率借款100美元,则此人一年后将拖欠125美元。
If you borrowed $200 with a 10% interest rate, how much interest would you owe after one year?
如果你借了200美元,利率为10%,一年后你会欠多少钱?
George Washington Carver believed that people should treat each other with respect.
乔治·华盛顿 卡弗认为人们应该尊重对方.
He won the respect of a nation at a time when few black people got much respect at all.
他赢得了一个国家的尊重,而此时黑人却很少得到任何尊重.
Carver also believed that people should respect and care for the Earth.
卡弗也认为人们应该尊重和关心地球.
If they did, nature would provide the things they needed.
如果他们这样做,自然会提供他们需要的东西。
Many years later, we are discovering that he was right.
许多年后,我们发现他是对的。
Glossary agriculture (n.)
词汇农业(n.)
the science of farming and raising livestock (p.
农业学和畜牧业学(p.
10) Civil War (n.)
10) 内战 (n.
the war between the northern and southern states of the United States of America (1861–1865) (p.
美国北方和南方各州之间的战争(1861–1865)(p.
5) Congress (n.)
5) 国会 (n.
the highest lawmaking body of the U.
是美国最高立法机构
S.
师曰.
government, which includes the Senate and the House of Representatives (p.
政府,包括参议院和众议院(p.
14) fertilizer (n.)
14) 化肥 (n.
a natural or chemical substance that promotes plant growth (p.
一种促进植物生长的天然或化学物质(p.
11) inventor (n.)
11) 发明家 (n.
a person who creates, designs, or builds something that did not exist before (p.
创造、设计或建造以前不存在的东西的人(p.
13) nutrient (n.)
13) 养分 (n.
a substance that living things need to live, stay healthy, and grow (p.
活物需要生存、保持健康并成长的物质(p.
12) professor (n.)
12) 教授 (n.
a college or university teacher who teaches in a specialized field (p.
在专门领域任教的学院或大学教师(p.
5) segregated (adj.)
(5) 隔离(adj.)
kept apart based on group differences, such as race (p.
根据种族(p.
8) sharecroppers (n.)
8) 分耕者(n.
farmers who work on lands owned by others in return for part of the profit from the crops (p.
在他人拥有的土地上工作以换取作物部分利润的农民(p.
17) Not long before he died, Carver donated $33,000 to the Tuskegee Institute to carry on the agricultural work he began.
17) 在他去世前不久,卡维尔向图斯克杰研究所捐赠了33,000美元来继续他开始的农业活.
(That would be about $450,000 today!)
(今天大约是45万美元!)