The Last Frontier
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Welcome to Alaska.
T能内容 欢迎来到阿拉斯加。
4 Alaska’s Land.
4阿拉斯加之地.
5 Alaska’s History.
5阿拉斯加历史.
9 Alaska Today.
9 阿拉斯加今日报.
13 Alaska’s Beauty.
13阿拉斯加美人.
16 Glossary.
16 词汇表。
19 Index.
19 指数。
20 Welcome to Alaska At the very top of North America lies a cold, wild land: Alaska.
欢迎来到阿拉斯加 北美最顶端是一片寒冷的野生地:阿拉斯加.
Alaska is west of Canada.
阿拉斯加地处加拿大以西.
It sits on the Arctic Circle, between the Pacific and the Arctic Oceans.
它坐落在北极圈上,介于太平洋和北极海洋之间.
The climate there is stormy and cold.
那里的气候多雨而寒冷.
But Alaska has beautiful scenery, amazing wildlife, and great natural resources.
但阿拉斯加风景优美,野生动物惊人,自然资源丰富.
Because it has such huge, empty spaces, some people call Alaska “The Last Frontier.
因为阿拉斯加有如此巨大的空地,
” Alaska has an exciting history and a bright future.
阿拉斯加有着令人振奋的历史和光明的未来。
This book will tell you all about America’s last frontier.
这本书将讲述美国最后的疆界。
Alaska is famous for its dramatic landscape and harsh climate.
阿拉斯加以其戏剧性的地貌和恶劣的气候而出名.
Southcentral Alaska also lies along the Pacific coast.
中南部 阿拉斯加也位于太平洋沿岸.
It includes Alaska’s largest city, Anchorage.
包括阿拉斯加最大的城市安克雷奇.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Alaska is home to Mount Mc Kinley, the tallest mountain in North America.
阿拉斯加是麦金莱山的故乡,是北美最高的山.
Mount Mc Kinley towers 6, 1 94 meters (20,320 ft) above sea level.
麦克金利山塔6,海拔1,94米(20,320英尺).
That’s as tall as over 1,000 houses stacked on top of each other!
超过1000所房屋堆积在一起,
Alaska is surrounded by ocean on three sides and shares a border with Canada.
阿拉斯加三面被海洋所包围,与加拿大接壤.
Alaska’s Land. Alaska is enormous, covering over 1.
阿拉斯加的土地。阿拉斯加幅员辽阔，面积超过一……
7 million square kilometers (about 660,000 sq mi).
700万平方千米(约66万平米).
The coastline of Alaska is longer than the coastline of the rest of the United States put together.
阿拉斯加的海岸线比美国其他地区的海岸线加起来还要长.
Alaska is almost as large as the entire country of Mexico!
阿拉斯加几乎和整个墨西哥一样大!
Because it is so big, Alaska includes many different landscapes.
因为它如此之大,阿拉斯加包含着许多不同的地貌.
Southeast Alaska lies along the Pacific Ocean next to Canada.
阿拉斯加东南部地处太平洋相邻的加拿大.
It has weather similar to Vancouver, British Columbia, or Seattle, W ashington, with a great deal of rain and relatively warm winters.
它的天气与温哥华,不列颠哥伦比亚,或西雅图,W Ashington相类似,雨量很大,冬季相对温暖.
Alaska is more than twice the size of the next-largest state, Texas.
阿拉斯加是次大州德克萨斯州的两倍多.
Most of the land in Alaska is in what many Alaskans call “the Interior.
阿拉斯加大部分土地位于许多阿拉斯加人所称的"内地".
” The Interior is full of mountains, glaciers, and Arctic tundra.
“ 内地多有山地,冰川和北极冻原.
The climate is freezing cold, and it can also be quite dry.
气候寒冷,也可以相当干燥.
V ery few people live in this part of the state.
很少有人住在这个州
Alaskan landscapes are often as rugged as they are beautiful.
阿拉斯加地貌往往崎岖而美丽.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The most northern part of Alaska is known as the “land of the midnight sun.”
阿拉斯加最北部被称为"午夜太阳之地". “
Above the Arctic Circle, the Sun does not fully set for 24 hours during the summer solstice.
在北极圈上方,太阳在夏季太阳升起期间没有完全24小时。
But during the winter solstice, the Sun does not fully rise for 24 hours.
但在冬至期间,太阳并没有在24小时内完全升起.
The amount of sunlight varies as Earth’s tilt causes the Arctic Circle to turn toward and away from the Sun.
日照量因地势倾斜而异,
Summer temperatures can be above 32 degrees C (90 o F), while winter temperatures can drop below –50 degrees C (–60 o F).
夏季气温可高于32°C(90°F),而冬季气温可降至-50°C(-60°F)以下.
Alaska is famous for its snowy mountains, giant forests, crystal-clear lakes, and beautiful coastline.
阿拉斯加以多雪的山地,巨大的森林,结晶清澈的湖泊和美丽的海岸线而出名.
This wild land is home to grizzly bears, moose, polar bears, wolves, bald eagles, and caribou.
这片野生地有灰熊,麋鹿,北极熊,狼,秃鹰,和驯鹿.
Whales, seals, sea lions, sea otters, and fish live in its waters.
鲸鱼,海豹,海狮,海獭等鱼类生活在其水域.
Many animals in Alaska have thick fur or blubber to keep warm.
阿拉斯加的许多动物有厚厚的皮毛或脂肪来保暖.
Alaska’s state bird: the willow ptarmigan Some animals, such as the willow ptarmigan (TAR-mi-gan), Alaska’s state bird, change color from summer to winter.
阿拉斯加的州立鸟:柳花花鸟 有的动物,如柳花花鸟(TAR-mi-gan),阿拉斯加的州立鸟,从夏天到冬天会改变颜色.
In summer, they are speckled brown to blend in with the ground, but in winter, they turn white to blend in with the snow.
在夏天,它们被斑点成褐色以与地相融合,但在冬天会变成白色以与雪相融合.
This color change helps them hide from animals that want to eat them.
这种颜色变化有助于他们躲避想吃它们的动物.
Because Alaska is so far north and so cold, Europeans did not come there until 1741.
因为阿拉斯加如此之北而地寒冷,所以欧洲人直到1741年才来到那里.
Russian fur traders were among the first Europeans to come to Alaska.
俄罗斯皮毛商人是最早来到阿拉斯加的欧洲人之一.
Alaska even belonged to Russia for a while.
阿拉斯加甚至一度属于俄罗斯.
By the 1800s, American fur traders were also coming into Alaska from the south.
到1800年代,美国皮毛商人也从南方进入阿拉斯加.
In 1867, the United States bought Alaska from Russia.
1867年,美国从俄罗斯手中购买了阿拉斯加.
Alaska is actually closer to Russia than it is to the rest of the United States.
阿拉斯加实际上比起美国其他地区更接近俄罗斯.
Russian culture can be seen in churches like this one in Sitka, Alaska.
在阿拉斯加西特卡这样的教堂中可以看到俄罗斯文化.
Bill of sale between Russia and the United States Alaska’s History Native Americans first came to Alaska over ten thousand years ago.
俄罗斯和美国阿拉斯加历史的美洲原住民最早在一万多年前来到了阿拉斯加。
Many Native Americans fished and hunted sea mammals such as seals.
许多美洲原住民捕鱼并猎取海豹等海洋哺乳动物.
They used kayaks to travel along the coast and dogsleds to move on land.
他们使用皮划艇沿海岸出行,并用警犬在陆地上行走.
They made warm clothes from caribou fur and waterproof boots from sealskin.
他们用生羊皮做暖服 从海豹皮做防水靴
Long ago, one Native American nation, the Inuit, lived off Alaska’s land and sea.
很久以前,一个美洲原住民国家因纽特人生活在阿拉斯加的陆地和海上。
Many Native Americans still live in Alaska today, although most live a modern lifestyle.
许多美洲原住民今天仍活在阿拉斯加,尽管大多数生活在现代生活方式.
Many Americans thought Alaska was worthless until a sudden discovery in 1896.
许多美国人认为阿拉斯加毫无价值,直到1896年突然发现.
Gold was found in Canada’s nearby Yukon T erritory.
黄金在加拿大附近的育空T错误中被发现.
Miners from all over the world came through Alaska, hoping to get rich.
来自世界各地的矿工通过阿拉斯加,希望能发财.
Alaska finally became a U.
阿拉斯加最终成为了U.
S.
师曰.
state on January 3, 1959.
1959年1月3日公布。
Children were invited to create its state flag.
儿童应邀创建其州旗.
Seventh grader John Benson created the winning design.
7年级生 约翰·本森创造了取胜的设计.
Alaska state flag; John Benson chose the flag’s blue background for the sky and the Great Bear constellation for strength.
阿拉斯加州州旗;约翰·本森选择了国旗的蓝色背景为天空而大熊星座为力量.
Thousands of people rushed to the Yukon for gold.
上千人匆匆赶去育空取出黄金.
On March 27, 1964, a giant earthquake shook Alaska, destroying parts of Anchorage.
1964年3月27日,一场巨大的地震震撼了阿拉斯加,摧毁了安克雷奇的部分地区.
The “Good Friday Earthquake” killed 131 people.
“星期五”地震造成131人死亡。
It is still one of the most powerful earthquakes ever measured.
它仍然是测量到的最强地震之一。
In 1968, oil was discovered on Alaska’s northern coast.
1968年,阿拉斯加北部海岸发现了石油.
Oil has completely changed Alaska’s economy.
石油彻底改变了阿拉斯加的经济.
It is the biggest business in Alaska today.
这是今天阿拉斯加最大的生意
The Good Friday Earthquake destroyed many parts of Anchorage.
耶稣受难日 地震摧毁了安克雷奇的许多部分.
It also caused a tsunami that reached Hawaii.
这也引发了一场海啸并到达了夏威夷.
The economy of Alaska is based on natural resources.
阿拉斯加的经济以自然资源为基础.
Oil is the biggest business in Alaska.
石油是阿拉斯加最大的企业.
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline is a giant oil pipe that stretches across the entire state from north to south.
跨阿拉斯加管道是一条从北到南横跨整个州的巨型石油管道.
It carries oil from wells on the northern coast to a port on the Pacific coast.
它从北部海岸的水井运送石油到太平洋海岸的一个港口.
From there, ships carry the oil to the rest of the United States.
从那里,船只将油运至美国其他地区.
The Trans-Alaska Pipeline runs 1,300 km (800 mi) and can carry 2 million barrels of oil per day.
跨阿拉斯加管道通航1300公里(800米),每天可携带200万桶石油.
Alaskan Pipeline. Do You Know?
阿拉斯加输油管道。你知道吗？
The state of Alaska makes so much money on oil that it doesn’t have to charge income tax or sales tax.
阿拉斯加州在石油上赚了很多钱,
In fact, the citizens of Alaska actually get money from their government.
事实上,阿拉斯加的公民实际上从他们的政府那里得到金钱.
Some Alaskans receive almost $2,000 per year!
一些阿拉斯加人每年得到近2000美元!
Alaska T oday Although Alaska has the largest area of any U.
虽然阿拉斯加是 U最大的地区
S.
师曰.
state, it has almost the smallest population.
州,它的人口几乎最小。
In 2009, the population of Alaska was about 698,000 people, which is only about the population of Fort Worth, Texas.
2009年,阿拉斯加的人口约为698,000人,仅与德克萨斯州沃斯堡的人口相接.
Most of Alaska’s people live in the cities.
阿拉斯加大部分人口居住在城市.
Anchorage, the largest city, has the state’s largest port.
最大的城市安克雷奇拥有该州最大的港口.
Alaska’s capital is Juneau (JOO-noh).
阿拉斯加的首都是Junau (JOO-noh).
But there are no roads going to this city.
但是没有道路可以通向这座城市.
You can get there only by sea or by air!
你只能靠海路或空路才能到达那里!
Alaska’s Beauty The beauty of Alaska touches every part of life.
阿拉斯加的美丽 阿拉斯加的美丽触及了生活的每一个部分.
During the darkest days of winter, the sky above Alaska sometimes fills with light.
在最黑暗的冬季,阿拉斯加上空的天空有时会充满出光.
The aurora borealis, or northern lights, shine when tiny particles from the Sun get pulled toward Earth by the planet’s magnetic field.
当太阳的微小颗粒被地球磁场拉向地球时,北极北极光或北方光会发光。
One of the fastest-growing parts of the Alaskan economy is tourism.
旅游业是阿拉斯加经济中增长最快的一部分.
People from all over the world come to see Alaska’s beautiful landscapes and amazing wildlife.
来自世界各地的人们来看阿拉斯加美丽的地貌和惊人的野生动物.
The northern lights are usually visible only in the far north.
北部的灯光通常只在最远的北部可见.
Fishing is also very important in Alaska.
捕鱼在阿拉斯加也很重要。
Alaskan boats catch cod, salmon, crab, and other delicacies.
阿拉斯加船只会捕捉鳕鱼,鲑鱼,螃蟹等食用动物.
Today, Alaskans are proud of being tough and different.
今天,我们... 阿拉斯加人以强硬而不同而自豪.
Many Alaskans enjoy outdoor sports such as hunting, fishing, and riding snowmobiles.
许多阿拉斯加人喜欢户外运动,如打猎,钓鱼和骑雪车.
Alaskans have a great spirit of individualism in their politics and in their daily lives.
阿拉斯加人在政治和日常生活中都有着个人主义的伟大精神.
Fishing in Alaska is one of the world’s most dangerous jobs.
在阿拉斯加捕鱼是世界上最危险的工作之一。
The seas around Alaska are rough, stormy, and freezing cold.
阿拉斯加周围的海域很粗糙,暴风雨多而寒冷.
Many Alaskans take pride in living on the “last frontier” away from big cities.
许多阿拉斯加人自豪地生活在远离大城市的“最后边界”。
Some areas require boats or planes to get to them.
一些地区需要船只或飞机才能到达.
Each year, thousands of tourists come to Alaska.
每年有上千名游客来到阿拉斯加.
They go on cruise ships to see icebergs and whales.
他们乘游轮去看冰山和鲸鱼.
They ride snowmobiles to see snow-covered mountains.
他们骑着雪地车去看被雪覆盖的山.
They hike through national parks hoping to see grizzly bears or moose.
他们走过国家公园 希望看到灰熊或麋鹿。
The beauty of Alaska is one of the state’s greatest natural resources.
阿拉斯加的美丽是该州最大的自然资源之一.
But not everyone agrees about how to preserve this beauty.
但并不是每个人都同意如何保护这个美
Alaskans make most of their living from oil.
阿拉斯加人以石油为生
Some people say that drilling and shipping oil hurt the state’s wildlife and natural beauty.
有些人说钻井和运油会伤害国家的野生动物和自然美.
Many people want to set aside huge areas of Alaska that cannot be drilled for oil or changed by humans in any way.
许多人想要在阿拉斯加留出巨大的地区,这些地区不能钻取石油或人类以任何方式改变.
But other people say this is a waste of resources.
但其他人说这是浪费资源。
In Alaska, industry often sits side by side with wilderness.
在阿拉斯加,工业往往与旷野并列.
Climate change may also hurt Alaska’s beauty.
气候变化也会伤害阿拉斯加的美丽。
If the climate warms up, Alaska’s glaciers will likely melt, and polar bears will have a more difficult time finding food.
如果气候变暖,阿拉斯加的冰川很可能会融化,而北极熊则会有更困难的时间来寻找食物.
However, people in this cold land often enjoy warmer winters.
然而,在这片寒冷的地上,人们往往享受更温暖的冬天.
And the ice-filled Arctic Ocean may soon be open for shipping and fishing.
而被冰填充的北冰洋可能很快会开放给航运和捕鱼.
Alaska’s future will definitely be like its history—full of adventure and excitement.
阿拉斯加的未来肯定会像它的历史一样充满冒险和兴奋。
The state’s huge size, small population, amazing beauty, and cold climate will continue to keep it America’s “Last Frontier.”
美国人口众多、人口少、美貌惊人、气候寒冷, “
Polar bears hunt seals from sea ice.
极地熊从海冰中捕取海豹.
As the sea ice melts, the bears have a more difficult time finding food.
随着海冰的融化,熊更难找到食物.
Climate scientists study ice cores to find answers about global warming.
气候科学家研究冰芯寻找全球变暖的答案.