Tide Pools
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents What Are Tide Pools?
内容表 什么是潮池?
4 What Causes Tides?
4 什么原因针?
5 The Intertidal Zone.
5 潮间带.
7 What Is Life Like in a Tide Pool?
7 潮池里的生活是什么样?
8 Drying Out.
8干燥出关.
12 Eating and Being Eaten.
12 吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃吃.
14 What Lives in Tide Pools?
14什么活在潮池?
16 Invertebrates.
16 无脊椎动物.
16 Fish.
16鱼.
20 Land Animals.
20陆生动物.
21 Plantlike Organisms.
21 植物类生物.
21 Exploring Tide Pools.
21 探索潮池.
22 Glossary.
22 词汇表。
24 What Are Tide Pools?
24号潮池是什么?
The tide is the rising and falling of the ocean where it meets the land.
潮汐是海洋的起伏 在那里它与陆地相会
The tide rises and falls twice each day.
潮起而一日相去两次.
In some areas, little pools of seawater are left behind when the tide goes out.
一些地区出海后会留下小池子的海水.
These are tide pools.
这是潮水池
Most tide pools are found in low areas along rocky shorelines.
大多数潮水池位于多岩石的海岸线上低地.
You might also find small tide pools on sandy beaches.
你可能会在沙滩上找到小潮水池
Any place along the shoreline that traps water creates a tide pool.
沿海岸线的任何地方 水会形成潮水池
Tide pools are full of sea life.
潮池多出出出出出海生.
What Causes Tides?
什么动机?
The tides are caused by the force of gravity.
潮汐由重力所引起.
The sun and moon have strong gravity that pulls on Earth.
日月有很强的地心引力在地球上拉起.
This gravity pulls on both land and water.
这种地心引力在陆地和水上都拉出.
But only the water can move in response to gravity.
但只有水才能对重力作出反应而移动.
When the sun and moon pull on Earth, they pull the ocean water into two mounds.
当日月拉入地上时,会把海水拉入两个地丘.
The rotation, or spin, of Earth causes the rising and falling of the tides.
地球的自转或自旋导致潮汐的起伏.
As land areas move into and out of where the water is in mounds, the tides slowly rise and fall.
随着陆地区域进出水丘地,潮汐缓慢起伏.
Since Earth makes one full rotation each day, there are two high tides and two low tides every 24 hours.
由于地上每天有一次完全自转,因此每24小时有两次高潮和两次低潮.
The moon also moves around Earth, and this movement affects the tides.
月球也环绕地球运动,而这种运动会影响潮汐.
Twice each month, the moon and sun line up.
每个月两次,月亮和太阳排成一行.
They pull on the ocean water together.
他们把海水拉在一起。
Their combined gravity causes higher mounds of water, creating the highest and lowest tides of the month.
它们的并发重力造成水分较高,形成本月最高和最低潮.
These tides are called spring tides.
这些潮流被称作"春潮".
At other times, the sun and moon pull against each other.
彼时日月相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相取相相取相相相相取相相取相相取相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
At these times, the high tides are not as high, and the low tides are not as low.
此时高潮并不如高,而低潮也不如高.
These are called neap (neep) tides.
这些被称作"新潮"(neap (nep)).
Earth Earth Moon Sun Moon Sun Spring Tides Neap Tides Very high tide Sun and moon pull together and cause very high and low tides.
地球 月球 太阳 春分 非常高潮 太阳和月亮凝聚在一起 引起非常高和低潮
Sun and moon pull against each other and make smaller tides.
日月相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相接相相接相相接相接相接相接相接相相接相相接相接相接相接相接相相相相相接相相相接相相相接相相相相相接相相相相接相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
The Intertidal Zone The area along the shore between high tide and low tide is the intertidal zone.
潮间带 高潮至低潮之间沿岸一带为潮间带.
This area is covered by seawater during high tide and exposed to air during low tide.
这一地区在高潮期间被海水所覆盖,在低潮期间被空气所暴露.
The area closest to the sea is only exposed to the air during the very lowest tides.
距离出海最近的地区只在最低潮时被暴露出空气.
The area farthest from the sea is only covered by water during the highest tides.
与出海相距最远的地区只在最高潮期被水所覆盖.
Different creatures live in different parts of the intertidal zone, depending on whether they need air or water.
不同的生物生活在潮间带的不同地段,这取决于它们需要空气还是水.
What Is Life Like in a Tide Pool?
潮池里的生活是什么样?
Tide pools are full of sea life.
潮池多出出出出出海生.
You can see these creatures when the tide goes out.
潮出后你可以看到这些生物.
Usually, the more places there are for animals to hide or attach themselves, the more animals you will find in a tide pool.
通常,动物藏起或附着的地方越多,在潮池会发现的动物就越多.
The tide pools with the most animals usually occur in rocky areas.
与动物最多的潮水池通常会发生在多岩石的地区.
The material the animals live in or attach themselves to is called the substrate.
动物所居住或附着的物质称为基质.
In tide pools, the substrate is usually rocks or sand.
在潮水池中,地底通常为岩石或沙地.
Low tide High tide The arrows point to the edges of the intertidal zone.
低潮 高潮 箭指潮间带边缘.
Surviving in the intertidal zone is difficult for the animals there.
在潮间带生存对那里的动物来说很困难.
Imagine living where seawater washes in and out of your home every day!
想象一下,每天有海水冲出你家
The animals in tide pools have to be able to deal with waves crashing over them.
潮水池里的动物必须能够应付被海浪撞倒的波浪.
If they don’t hang on tight or get out of the way, they could be tossed around, battered against rocks, or even swept away.
如果它们不紧紧地挂住,
Intertidal animals have adapted to life in the tide pools.
潮间带动物已经适应了潮池中的生命.
These animals are used to the tide coming and going from their homes every day.
这些动物习惯了每天从家中来来去去的潮汐.
They have ways of clinging to rocks and finding protection from crashing waves.
他们有方法 粘住岩石 并找到保护 不被撞倒的海浪。
They have ways of preventing their bodies from drying out in the air.
它们有方法防止身体在空气中干燥.
They also have ways of avoiding the beaks and jaws of predators.
它们也有避免捕食者的喙和下巴的方法.
How a tide pool animal survives depends on whether it is stuck in one place or can move around.
潮池动物如何生存取决于它是否被卡在一个地方,或者能否移动.
Many animals are attached to the substrate, and they do not move around.
许多动物被附着在地基上,它们不会移动.
This prevents them from being washed away.
这使得他们无法被冲走。
But it isn’t just seawater that threatens the animals of the intertidal zone.
但威胁潮间带动物的不仅仅是海水。
Exposure to the air and sun is also dangerous.
暴露在空气和阳光之下也是危险的。
For an animal that needs to be covered by water, exposure to air causes two major problems.
对于需要被水覆盖的动物来说,接触空气会引起两大问题.
The first problem is drying out.
第一个问题是干涸。
The second problem is that these animals are suddenly exposed to predators looking for an easy meal.
第二个问题是,这些动物突然暴露在捕食者身上,寻找轻松的一顿饭.
So how do intertidal-zone animals survive?
潮间带动物如何生存?
Anemones and sea stars have ways to survive in tide pools.
海葵和海星有方法在潮池中生存.
When the tide rises, waves will crash over these tide pools.
当潮水涨起,浪会从这些潮水池上坠入.
Some animals, such as mussels, have very strong hair-like fibers that attach to the substrate.
有的动物,如贻贝等,有很强的发状纤维附着在地基上.
Other animals, such as barnacles (BAR-nick-els), create cementlike “glue” that they use to attach themselves to rocks.
其他动物,如谷仓(BAR-nick-els),制造出类似“克卢”的水泥,它们用来附着在岩石上。
Because they cannot move around, these animals cannot escape from the sun, air, or predators.
由于它们不能移动,这些动物无法从太阳,空气,或掠食动物中逃脱.
Tide pool animals that are mobile, or can move around, are able to run, swim, and crawl.
潮池动物有移动性,或能走来走去,能跑去跑去游泳去爬行.
Some of these creatures are sea creatures that become trapped in tide pools during low tide.
其中一些生物是在低潮期被困入潮池的海洋生物.
They cannot return to the sea until the high tide returns.
他们不能回海去,直到高潮回来。
But because they are mobile, they can seek shelter from the air, sun, and predators.
但由于它们具有可移动性,它们可以从空气,阳光和掠食动物中寻求栖身.
Drying Out Most stationary tide pool creatures have developed ways to protect their bodies from drying out.
最固定的潮池生物 已经开发出方法来保护身体不受干涸
Some animals, such as barnacles and oysters, have hard shells that they can close or crawl into during low tide.
有的动物,如谷仓和牡蛎等有硬壳,在低潮时可以关闭或爬入.
Once in their shells, they have enough moisture to keep from drying out until high tide returns.
一旦进入它们的壳体,它们有足够的水分来防止干燥,直到高潮回流.
The stationary animals most in danger of drying out are the soft-bodied creatures such as sea anemones (ah-NEM-oh-nees).
最有干涸危险的固定动物是软体生物,如海葵(ah-NEM-oh-nees).
These animals are usually found close to the ocean, where the low tide does not uncover them for very long.
这些动物通常在靠近海洋的地方发现,低潮期不会发现它们很长一段时间.
When the tide is out, they close up their bodies as much as possible to keep moisture from escaping.
潮出后,会尽可能地将身体收紧,以阻止出水.
Anemones need moisture to survive.
海葵需要水分才能活下来
Mobile tide pool animals have a better chance of survival, since they can move to prevent drying out in the sun and air.
移动潮池动物的生存机会更高,因为它们可以移动来防止在太阳和空气中干燥.
Many can dig into the sand, while others seek shelter under rocks or seaweed.
许多人可以挖入沙地,而其他人则在岩石或海藻下寻找栖身地.
A group of very thin crabs called slider crabs can slide their flat bodies into cracks between rocks.
一组被称作滑蟹的非常薄的螃蟹可以将平地体滑入岩石间裂缝.
Slow-moving animals such as marine snails can hide inside their shells.
缓慢移动的动物如海洋蜗牛可以躲入壳内.
They can actually close a little “trap door” to seal themselves inside.
他们实际上可以关闭一个小的"陷阱门",把自己封入里面.
But usually there is enough water in a tide pool for mobile animals to swim or crawl about.
但通常潮水池中有足够的水可供移动动物游泳或爬行.
Eating and Being Eaten Eating and being eaten are facts of life everywhere, even in tide pools.
吃吃吃吃吃被吃是各地的生活事实,即使在潮水池里也是如此.
Tide pool animals have unique and interesting ways of finding and eating food.
潮池动物有独特而有趣的觅食方法.
Oysters and clams use hair-like parts to trap tiny animals floating in the water.
牡蛎和蛤类使用发状的部件来捕捉漂浮于水中的细小动物.
Anemones and jellyfish sting tiny animals with their tentacles.
海葵和水母会用触手刺死小动物
An octopus uses its strong arms and suction cups to catch other animals.
章鱼会用它的强臂和吸积杯来捕捉其他动物.
Crabs and lobsters use their claws to pick up food.
螃蟹和龙虾用爪来取取食物.
Crabs can hide in burrows in wet sand.
螃蟹可以躲入潮湿沙地的洞穴.
Crabs feasting on tiny sea creatures.
螃蟹在小海生物上吃东西
Tide pool animals also have amazing ways to avoid being eaten.
潮池动物也有惊人的方法可以避免被吃.
Often, the way animals avoid drying out also helps them avoid being eaten.
通常,动物避免干燥的方式也帮助它们避免被吃.
They simply slide under rocks or slip into their shells.
它们只是滑入岩石下或滑入壳中。
Other tide pool animals run, scuttle, swim, or even jump to escape hungry predators.
其他潮池动物跑来跑去去去去去去去去去游去,甚至跳来躲避饥饿的捕食者.
Some tide pool animals blend in with their surroundings.
一些潮池动物与周围环境相融合.
This helps them hide from predators.
这有助于他们躲避捕食者
What Lives in Tide Pools?
潮池里住着什么?
Invertebrates The most common kinds of animals in tide pools are called invertebrates.
无脊椎动物 潮池中最常见的动物被称作无脊椎动物.
These animals have soft bodies and no backbones.
这些动物有柔软的身体,没有骨干.
They range from creatures such as sponges and corals to creatures such as octopuses and sea stars.
它们的范围从海绵和珊瑚等生物到章鱼和海星等生物.
Invertebrates also include animals such as anemones, jellyfish, worms, crabs, shrimp, snails, and urchins.
无脊椎动物还包括海葵,水母,蠕虫,蟹,虾,蜗牛等动物和胆.
Invertebrates can be stationary or mobile.
无脊椎动物可以固定或移动.
These drawings show invertebrates commonly found in tide pools.
这些图画显示了潮池中常见的无脊椎动物.
Lumpy, irregular bodies Small holes all over bodies Stationary; stuck to the substrate Flat worms • Flat, worm-like bodies Mobile Segmented worms • Flat or round segments or sections Mobile Seagulls will eat almost any small sea creatures they can find.
体型隆起,不规则 站立体上方的小孔; 被固定在底部平面蠕虫上; 平面活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性活性 平地或圆地段或地段 移动海鸥几乎会吃掉任何它们能找到的小海生物
Fish Another group of animals commonly found in tide pools is fish, which do have backbones.
另一个常见于潮池中的动物群是鱼,它们确实有骨干.
There are many types of fish that are adapted to life in the tide pools.
潮池有多种适应活口的鱼类.
Since tide pools are small compared to the ocean, fish that live in them are usually small.
由于与海洋相比潮池较小,因此生活在其中的鱼类通常很小.
Other fish accidentally get trapped in tide pools when the tide goes out.
其他鱼类在出海后意外被困入潮池.
These fish are not used to living in such a small space.
这些鱼并不习惯于生活在这么小的空间.
They wait until the tide returns to swim off in the open sea.
他们等待到潮回 在公海上游泳。
Land Animals Many land animals also visit tide pools.
陆生动物 许多陆地动物也来潮水池游览.
The shallow water in tide pools makes it easy for these animals to find and eat sea creatures.
潮水池中的浅水使得这些动物很容易找到并吃出海生物.
Many birds, including seagulls and ravens, eat oysters, mussels, and fish.
许多鸟类,包括海鸥和乌鸦,都吃牡蛎,贻贝和鱼类.
Mammals such as raccoons and monkeys can scoop up animals and eat them.
浣熊等哺乳动物和猴子可以挤出动物吃.
Plantlike Organisms There are also many plantlike organisms in tide pools.
植物类生物 潮池中也有许多类似植物的生物.
Most of these belong to a group called marine algae.
其中大部分属于一个叫"海洋藻"的群.
They are also known as seaweed.
它们也被称为"海藻".
There are many different types of seaweed, but only some of them are found in tide pools.
海藻有多种不同的种类,但只有一部分存在于潮池.
Seaweed provides good hiding places for animals.
海藻为动物提供了很好的藏身地.
It also provides a substrate to which some animals attach themselves or their eggs.
也提供一些动物附着的基质或卵.
Exploring Tide Pools Tide pools are fun to explore.
探索潮池 潮池是探险的乐趣.
They are like an aquarium full of sea creatures.
他们就像一个水族馆 充满了海洋生物。
If you ever go to the ocean, find a place where there are tide pools.
如果你去大海 找个有潮水池的地方
The best places to find tide pools are rocky shores.
找到潮水池的最佳地方是多岩石的海岸.
Pay attention to the rising and falling of the tides.
关注起伏起伏的潮流.
Usually newspapers near the oceans publish the times and heights of the tides.
平时,靠近海洋的报纸会刊登潮来潮的时间和高度.
Remember, the lower the tide, the more you are likely to see.
记住 潮流越低 你就越有可能看到
When you find a tide pool to explore, there are some things you can do to help you see more creatures.
当你找到一个潮池去探索, 有些事情你可以帮助你看到更多的生物。
It is best to move slowly and gently to avoid stepping on or crushing animals.
最好慢慢地轻轻地移动,避免踩到或压倒动物.
Tide pools are full of fascinating creatures.
潮池里充满了迷人的生物
Sometimes it is a good idea to just stop and closely observe one small area that you find interesting.
有时候一个好主意就是停下来 仔细观察一个你觉得有趣的小区域。
The longer you look, the more likely you are to see things.
你看上去越长,就越可能看到东西。
Remember that the tide pool is home to many creatures.
记住潮池是许多生物的家园.
If you lift up a rock to look for creatures, do so gently.
如果你举起石头来寻找生物, 轻轻地这样做。
Always put rocks back where you found them.
总是把石头放回你找到的地方
Check with an adult if you want to pick up a tide pool animal— some of them can sting!
找大人看看,如果你想拿起一头潮水池的动物——有些人会刺!
Put some water in your hand first to keep the animal moist.
先把水放入手去使动物湿润.
And always put sea creatures back where you found them.
总是把海洋生物放回你找到的地方
Animals need to stay in their tide pool homes.
动物需要留在潮池里
They don’t make good pets and are likely to die if they are removed from the tide pool.
他们不会养好宠物,
Glossary adapted changed or shaped to work in a certain situation (p.
术语表修改或塑造为在特定情况下发挥作用(p.
10) algae plant-like organisms, including seaweed (p.
10)藻类植物类生物,包括海藻(p.
21) gravity the force that pulls things toward very large objects (p.
21)引力使事物被拉向非常大的物体(p.
5) intertidal zone the zone between the highest tide level and the lowest tide level (p.
5) 潮间带 潮间带 潮间带最高潮位至潮下带(p.
7) invertebrates animals without backbones (p.
7) 无脊椎动物无脊椎动物 (p.
16) mobile can move around (p.
16)可移动移动(p.
11) neap tides the smallest tides of the month that happen when the sun and moon pull against each other (p.
11) 新浪潮是当日月相撞时发生的月份最小潮(p.
6) predators animals that hunt and eat other animals (p.
6)捕食动物猎取并食用其他动物(p.
9) rotation spinning (p.
9) 旋转(p.
6) spring tides the greatest tides of the month that happen when the sun and moon line up (p.
6) 春潮是当月日月分行时发生的最强潮汐(p.
6) substrate the material that tide pools animals attach themselves to or live in, usually rocks or sand (p.
6)将潮池中动物所附着或活在,通常为岩石或沙子上的物质(p.
8) Be careful handling tide pool animals.
8) 注意处理潮池动物.