Floods
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents We Are the Three Little Pigs.
内容表 我们是三只小猪
4 A Flood of Information on Floods.
4 关于洪水的洪水信息。
6 Living on Stilts.
6活在地砖上。
8 Sandbags.
8个沙袋
9 Make It Bigger!
九号,再大一点!
10 Levees—New Orleans, Louisiana, U.
10 列维兹-新奥尔良,路易斯安那,U.
S.
师曰.
A.
A组.
10 Thames Barrier—London, England, U.
10 泰晤士堡-伦敦,英国,U。
K.
凯.
11 Delta Works—Netherlands.
11 三角洲工程-荷兰。
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 We Are the Three Little Pigs Remember the story of the three little pigs?
16,我们是三只小猪 记得三只小猪的故事吗?
Each of the pigs built a house.
每只猪都造了个房子
One was made of straw, one of sticks, and one of bricks.
一个用稻草做成,一个用棍子做,一个用砖做.
The big, bad wolf came along and blew down the houses of straw and sticks.
大而坏的狼来了,并炸毁了稻草和棍子的房子.
The brick house, however, stayed strong.
然而,砖屋仍然坚固.
Severe weather is like the wolf huffing and puffing to blow our houses down.
恶劣的天气就像狼在呼啸和吹嘘来炸掉我们的房子
Hurricanes, tornadoes, and other severe storms can destroy buildings and take lives.
飓风,龙卷风等严重风暴可以摧毁建筑物并夺走生命.
The frequency of severe weather events has increased over time.
随着时间推移,严重天气事件的频率也有所增加.
So have the hazards that come with them.
随之而来的危险也随之而来。
People can’t stop these events.
人们无法阻止这些事件。
However, like the three little pigs, they can find ways to stop or control the hazards that severe weather creates.
然而,和这三只小猪一样,它们可以找到方法来阻止或控制恶劣天气所形成的危害.
One of the most common hazards is flooding.
最常见的危害之一是洪水.
A reporter braves severe weather during Hurricane Isaac in 2012.
2012年飓风以撒期间,一名记者勇敢地应对恶劣天气.
Climate Change and Severe Weather Earth is surrounded by a layer of gases called the atmosphere.
气候变化和严重天气地球被一层被称作大气层的气体所包围.
The atmosphere protects the planet and also traps heat from the Sun, like a greenhouse that holds heat inside.
大气层保护了行星,同时也将热从太阳中夹住,就像一个能把热藏在里面的温室.
This process is called the greenhouse effect.
这个过程被称为温室效应.
It’s one of the things that makes Earth a comfortable place to live.
地球是舒适的居住地之一。
As humans burn fuels such as gas and oil, they release more greenhouse gases into the air.
随着人类燃烧天然气和石油等燃料,它们会向空气中释放出更多的温室气体.
Over many years, these gases have built up in the atmosphere.
多年来,这些气体在大气中积累.
The gases cause the atmosphere to hold more heat from the Sun.
气体使大气从太阳中承受了更多的热量.
The extra heat becomes trapped and can’t escape into space as it should.
外加的热量被困住,
As a result, temperatures on Earth keep rising, a process called global warming.
因此,地球上的温度持续上升,这个过程被称为全球变暖.
As Earth heats up, the higher temperatures cause changes in the planet’s weather and climate.
随着地球发热,高温导致地球天气和气候发生变化.
Climate change has caused an increase in severe weather events.
气候变化导致严重天气事件增加。
For instance, warmer temperatures cause more ocean evaporation, which leads to stronger storms.
例如,更温暖的温度导致更多的海洋蒸发,从而导致更强烈的风暴.
Extra CO2 in the atmosphere (right) traps more of the heat that radiates from Earth’s surface.
大气层(右)中的额外二氧化碳会夹住更多的从地表发出辐射的热量。
Sun Sun atmosphere atmosphere natural amount of CO2 escaping heat trapped heat large amount of CO2 A Flood of Information on Floods Floods can happen almost anywhere in the world.
太阳大气中自然量的CO2 逃出热量被困 大量CO2 洪水信息洪水几乎在世界任何地方都可能发生.
They may be caused by heavy rain, snowmelt, or large waves caused by storms or earthquakes.
它们可能由暴雨,雪融或风暴或地震所引发的大浪所造成.
The most dangerous floods are sudden and unexpected.
最危险的洪水是突然而出乎意料的.
Fast-moving water can destroy almost everything in its path.
快速移动的水几乎可以摧毁其路径上的一切.
Not all floods are dangerous, however.
然而,并非所有洪水都是危险的。
In many parts of the world, floods are expected, and people need them to keep the soil healthy.
在世界许多地方,洪水是预期的,人们需要它们来保持土壤的健康.
Since floods are so common, people have found ways to live with, control, or even stop floods.
由于洪水非常普遍,人们已经找到了与洪水共存,控制甚至停止洪水的方法.
Most towns and cities have drain and sewer systems to move water away.
大多数城镇拥有排水和下水道系统来转移取水.
These systems can only handle so much water, though.
这些系统只能处理这么多的水,虽然。
Street drains help remove water from hard surfaces that can’t absorb it, such as paved streets and parking lots.
街道排水沟有助于取出无法吸收的水面,
Scientists can also predict when and where severe weather events are likely to happen.
科学家还可以预测何时何地可能发生恶劣天气事件.
Governments can use this information to send out warnings for people to prepare for severe weather.
政府可以利用这些信息向人们发出警告,为恶劣天气做好准备。
They may even ask people to leave an area.
他们甚至可以要求人们离开一个区域。
Early warnings can save property and people’s lives.
预警可以挽救财产和人的生命。
Strong storms and flooding happen often in Japan.
强烈的风暴和洪水经常会发生在日本.
The government has built many barriers and other ways to control and stop flooding.
政府建造了多道屏障和其他方式来控制和阻止洪水.
In October 2019, a severe storm called a typhoon hit Japan.
2019年10月,一场被称作"台风"的严重风暴袭击了日本.
It brought strong winds and heavy rain.
它带来了强风和暴雨。
More than one hundred rivers flooded.
一百多条河流被淹.
Unfortunately, the water was too powerful, and some of the barriers failed.
不幸的是,水的力量太强了,一些障碍也失败了.
Many people had to leave their homes.
许多人不得不离开家园。
Some people died.
有的人死了,他们死了。
The events in Japan show just how dangerous flooding can be.
日本的事件表明,洪水可能很危险。
They also show how important it is to find ways to control or stop flooding.
它们也表明找到控制或阻止洪水的方法是多么重要。
A Terrible Flood Residents are taken to safety after Typhoon Hagibis.
台风"哈吉比斯"之后,
Living on Stilts Many people live next to bodies of water.
生活在地砖上 很多人住在水体旁边。
Having a home close to water means living in a place that is more likely to flood.
拥有靠近水的住宅意味着生活在更可能被洪水淹没的地方.
To avoid floods, some people build homes on supports above the ground.
为了避免被洪水淹没,一些人在地上架起支撑的房屋.
The supports on these houses look like stilts.
这些房子上的支撑物看起来像平地.
When floods occur, water passes under a stilt house.
当洪水发生时,水会流到一幢平地上。
Floods may still damage things on the ground, but the house and everything in it will stay safe.
洪水可能仍然会损坏地上的东西,但房屋和里面的一切都会保持安全.
Some severe floods are high enough to reach stilt homes.
一些严重的洪灾已经足够高,可以到达地势平坦的房屋.
They don’t happen as often, but people still need to pay attention to flood warnings.
但人们仍需要注意洪灾警告。
These stilt houses await the next flood in Galveston, Texas.
这些平地的房屋等待着德克萨斯州加尔维斯顿的下一次洪水.
The city is completely surrounded by water.
城市被水所完全包围.
Sandbags People can also build barriers to keep the water out.
沙袋活人也可以筑起屏障来使出水.
Sandbags are often used to protect buildings or small areas.
沙袋常被用来保护建筑物或小区域.
People fill the bags about half full of sand or soil.
人们填满了大约一半的沙子或土壤。
Then they tightly stack the sandbags on top of each other.
然后他们把沙袋紧紧地堆在一起
Each sandbag can weigh as much as three bowling balls!
每个沙袋能重到三个保龄球!
Sandbags keep out most, but not all, water.
沙袋大多数,但不是全部,水。
They also take a large amount of work to make and move.
它们也需要大量的工作来制作和移动.
Many sandbags are needed to make a barrier.
需要许多沙袋来制造屏障.
For these reasons, sandbags are only a short-term answer to flooding.
由于这些原因,沙袋只是洪水的短期答案.
A line of men stack sandbags to fight flooding in the Netherlands.
一行人堆起沙袋来对抗荷兰的洪水.
Make It Bigger!
让它变得更大!
In places where flooding is common, governments have built different kinds of structures to keep people and property safe.
在洪水多发地,政府建造了不同种类的结构来保障人和财产的安全.
Levees—New Orleans, Louisiana, U.
(原始内容存档于2019-10-11) (英语). Levies-New Orman, Louisiana, U.
S.
师曰.
A.
A组.
The city of New Orleans sits below sea level and is nearly surrounded by water.
新奥尔良市坐落于海平面下,几乎被水所包围.
For these reasons, New Orleans has always had problems with flooding.
由于这些原因,新奥尔良一直存在洪水问题.
Floodwalls and levees almost completely surround the city.
洪水墙和河堤几乎完全包围了城市.
Levees are lengths of raised ground used to protect areas that only flood once in a while.
列夫斯是高地的长度,用来保护偶尔只有一次被洪水淹没的地区.
Heavy rains far north of the city can cause rivers to flood.
城市以北很远的暴雨会引发河流被淹.
Big waves caused by severe storms can push water into the city as well.
强烈风暴所引发的大浪也可以将水推入城市.
Because the city is below sea level, the water has no place to go.
由于该市地势低于海平面,水已无地可去.
In 2005, a hurricane hit New Orleans and destroyed many of the levees.
2005年,一股飓风吹袭了新奥尔良并摧毁了多处地峡.
Several parts of the city flooded.
城市多地被淹.
After the hurricane, the U.
飓风过后,U.
S.
师曰.
stronger.
更强.
They completed the project in 2018.
他们在2018年完成了该项目.
Thames Barrier—London, England, U.
泰晤士堡—英国伦敦,U.
K.
凯.
On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, the city of London, England, has built the Thames (TEMZ) Barrier.
在大西洋的另一边,英国伦敦市已经建造了泰晤士河(TEMZ)屏障.
The River Thames runs through the center of the city and into the ocean.
泰晤士河流经市中心并入海.
Ocean tides push and pull water into and out of the river.
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When the tide is high, heavy rains or large waves can cause water to back up into the Thames.
当潮汐高涨时,暴雨或大浪会使水退入泰晤士河.
The water can then overflow the river’s banks and flood the center of London.
水可以溢出河岸,
To stop the flooding, the government built the Thames Barrier.
为了阻止洪灾,政府建造了泰晤士河屏障.
It was completed in 1982.
1982年完工.
More than fifty levees and floodwalls protecting New Orleans failed in the flooding that followed the 2005 hurricane.
在2005年飓风后发生的洪灾中,保护了新奥尔良的五十多道堤道和防洪墙都失败了.
This levee wall (center) failed, and this neighborhood (right) was one of many that flooded.
这道斜墙失败了,
The barrier has ten steel gates that turn to open and close.
屏障有十个钢门,可转而开关.
When closed, the gates are as tall as a five-story building.
关上后,城门高至五层楼.
When open, water flows and ships can go up and down the river.
当开口后,水流和船只可以上下行入河.
The gates can even be turned upside down for repairs.
城门甚至可以颠倒进行维修.
Once the gates are closed, they can’t be opened until the water on both sides is at the same level.
关上闸门后,
The Taming of the Thames Heavy rains, high tides, and high winds pushing seawater from the North Sea inland can all cause London to flood.
泰晤士河的塔木克暴雨,高涨的潮汐和从北海向内陆推入海水的高风都会导致伦敦被洪水淹没.
The Thames Barrier stops the ocean from pushing the Thames back upriver and making floods worse.
泰晤士河屏障阻止了海洋将泰晤士河推回上游,使洪水更严重.
Delta Works—Netherlands Not far from London is the Netherlands.
德尔塔工程公司 荷兰 离伦敦不远的是荷兰.
Over half the country is below sea level, and it has many rivers and lakes.
超过一半的国家低于海平面,拥有多条河流和湖泊.
Storms at sea often cause large waves that result in dangerous floods.
海上的风暴经常会引发大浪并导致危险的洪水.
Since the 1980s, the Thames Barrier has done its job hundreds of times— and done it perfectly.
自20世纪80年代以来,泰晤士山壁垒已经完成了上百次工作,而且做得非常完美。
But rising sea levels and more extreme weather have led some people in London to call for a larger, higher barrier.
但海平面上升和气候更极端,导致伦敦一些人呼吁设置更大,更高的屏障.
North Sea Neighbors England the Netherlands Amsterdam London H H In addition to more severe weather, global warming is causing sea levels to rise— nearly 20 centimeters (8 in.)
北海邻国 英格兰 荷兰 阿姆斯特丹 伦敦 H 除更恶劣的天气外,全球变暖还导致海平面上升-近20厘米(8英寸)。
since 1870 and counting.
1870年起开始计算.
That includes the North Sea, which borders both England and the Netherlands.
其中包括北海,它与英格兰和荷兰相接壤。
NORTH SEA To control flooding, the government built the Delta Works.
北海 为了控制洪水,政府建造了"三角洲工程".
One of the biggest projects ever created, it is made up of six large dams, many levees, and other barriers.
由6个大型水坝、许多堤坝和其他障碍物组成。
Using this system of barriers, the country can control or stop most floods before they happen.
利用这种屏障系统,国家可以控制或阻止大多数洪水发生.
An aerial view (top) shows one part of the Delta Works.
空中取景(上)显示三角洲工程的一部分.
The spilling water shows the difference in water level between the two sides of the dam.
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Another structure (right) lets in salt water.
另一种结构(正)让入盐水.
This prevents both rivers upstream from freezing and restores the route for migrating fish.
这阻止了上游的两条河流被冻结并恢复了洄游鱼类的路线.
Conclusion Due to climate change, severe weather events are happening more often around the world.
结论 由于气候变化,世界各地更经常发生严重的天气事件。
The hazards that come with them are happening more often, too.
随之而来的危险也经常发生。
People are creating amazing inventions to help control and stop these hazards, though.
人们正在创造惊人的发明 来帮助控制和阻止这些危险。
Floods will continue to be one of the most common hazards.
洪水将继续是最常见的灾害之一。
The systems and structures people have built can’t stop every flood.
人们建造的系统和结构无法阻止每起洪水。
However, they save many lives and large amounts of money every year.
然而,它们每年拯救许多生命和大量金钱。
They can help more people feel safe when severe weather hits.
当天气恶劣时,它们能帮助更多的人感到安全。
Stay Safe During a Flood!
洪水发生时要注意安全!
radio, or TV.
收音机或电视
higher floor in a building.
楼层高一点
places that may flood.
可能淹没的地方。
• Keep your pets inside.
• 支助 让你的宠物在里面。
during a flood.
在洪水期间
plugs into a wall if it is wet.
如果湿了,插入墙上。
Glossary barriers (n.)
词汇障碍(n.)
natural or human-made objects that block movement (p.
阻碍运动的自然或人造物体(p.
9) dangerous (adj.)
9) 危险(adj.
(v.)
(五.)
(n.)
(无)