Sharks
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Blue shark Introduction Sharks have lived in the world’s oceans for more than 350 million years.
《蓝鲨入门》 鲨鱼在世界海洋生活了3.5亿多年。
They were even around before dinosaurs walked on Earth.
恐龙在地球上行走之前,他们就在附近
There are more.
还有很多
than 350 kinds of sharks.
超过350种鲨鱼
They can be found from the equator to the poles and from shallow seashores to the deepest waters.
它们可以从赤道到极地,从浅海沿岸到最深水域.
Sharks are some of nature’s most successful hunters Rays such as this southern stingray are close relatives of sharks Sharks are fish.
鲨鱼是大自然最成功的猎人 南刺等光线是鲨鱼的近亲 鲨鱼是鱼
But unlike most other fish,sharks have no bones.
但与其他大多数鱼类不同的是,鲨鱼没有骨头.
Shark skeletons are made of cartilage,which is the same material that gives human ears their shape.
鲨鱼骨架由软骨所制成,这种材料与赋予人类耳朵外形的材料相同.
Unlike most fish,sharks have rough skin.
与大多数鱼类不同,鲨鱼有粗糙的皮肤.
The closest relatives of sharks are skates and rays,which are flat,diamond-shaped fish.
鲨鱼最相近的亲缘是滑冰和射线,它们是扁平的,diamond形的鱼.
Mako shark Sharks have an excellent sense of smell and are able to see well in poor light.
真鲨 鲨鱼有极佳的嗅觉感,能在恶劣的光线下清楚地看到.
They are especially sensitive to the sounds and movements of injured animals.
它们特别敏感于受伤动物的声响和移动。
Sharks can even sense the tiny bits of electricity that are produced by all living things.
鲨鱼甚至能感觉到所有活物产生的微小电位.
Sharks can sense ifsh buried under the sand on the ocean lfoor great white shark whale shark pale catshark Size variation in sharks and comparison with human Physical Description Sharks come in many sizes.
鲨鱼可以感知被埋在沙子下 被埋入海洋的大白鲨鲨鱼 苍白的猫鲨 鲨鱼的大小变化 与人类物理描述的鲨鱼的比较 有很多种大小
Some dogfish sharks are only a few inches long.
一些狗鱼鲨鱼只有几英寸长.
The whale shark is the largest fish in the world.
鲸鲨是世界上最大的鱼类.
Most sharks have powerful, streamlined bodies to help them catch their prey.
大部分鲨鱼都有强大而精简的身体来帮助它们捕捉猎物.
Camouflage patterns help sharks sneak up on their prey Most large sharks have few natural enemies.
捕鲨会帮助鲨鱼偷猎 大多数大鲨鱼的天敌很少.
Many sharks are protected by camoulfage patterns that help them blend in with their surroundings.
许多鲨鱼都受到相机图案的保护 帮助它们融入周围环境
They are dark on the top and pale on the bottom.
上面是黑的,下面是苍白的。
Some sharks,called swell sharks, protect themselves from attack by pufifng up their bodies with air or water.
一些被称作"巨鲨"的鲨鱼,保护自己免受被用空气或水将自己身体上浮出水来的攻击.
This behavior makes them appear larger and helps to keep predators away dorsal fin second dorsal fin caudal fin pelvic fin pectoral fin anal fin Sharks swim by swinging their tails from side to side.
这种行为使得它们显得更大,并有助于使捕食者远离多指鳍 二指鳍分泌物 骨盆鳍分泌物 鲨鱼通过从侧面挥起尾巴来游泳.
Sharks use their fins to steer,turn,and keep their balance.
鲨鱼用鱼翅来行驶 转弯 保持平衡
The dorsal fin,which sharks use to keep upright,sometimes sticks out above the water.
背鳍,鲨鱼用来保持直立 有时会粘出水面
Catching sight of a shark’s.
捕捉鲨鱼的目光。
dorsal fin is often the first warning people have that a shark is nearby Lemon shark Do You Know?
背鳍常常是人们第一个警告 鲨鱼就在附近 柠檬鲨你知道吗?
A shark may wear out and regrow a thousand teeth during its lifetime Eating The shape of a shark’s teeth depends on the kind of food it eats.
鲨鱼一生会磨损并重生出一千颗牙齿 鲨鱼牙齿的形状取决于它吃的食物种类.
Most sharks have many rows of teeth.
大部分鲨鱼有多行牙齿.
When one tooth breaks off,another one moves up to take its place.
当一颗牙断后,另一颗牙会升起取而代之.
Sharks’ teeth break off easily Great white shark Most sharks are fish eaters.
鲨鱼的牙齿很容易断裂 大白鲨 大部分鲨鱼都是吃鱼的.
Many of the largest sharks eat sea lions,dolphins, and other sharks.
许多最大的鲨鱼会吃海狮,海豚等鲨鱼.
These large sharks have triangular teeth with edges as sharp.
这些大鲨鱼有三角形的牙齿 有锋利的边缘
as knives.
作为刀。
The teeth help the shark catch and hold onto its prey.
牙齿帮助鲨鱼捕捉 并抓住猎物
The sharp teeth also help the shark tear its prey into chunks that it can swallow Whale sharks are the biggest fish alive today.
尖牙也帮助鲨鱼把猎物撕成块,可以吞下 鲸鲨是今天最大的活鱼.
Other sharks,such as catsharks,eat clams,crabs,and lobsters.
其他的鲨鱼,如猫笼,吃蛤,cra,和龙虾等.
These sharks have lfat teeth for crushing and grinding shells.
这些鲨鱼有被打碎和磨碎的牙齿
The huge whale shark has tiny teeth but doesn’t use them when eating.
巨型鲸鲨的牙齿很小,
It swallows very small ocean plants and animals,called plankton,that lfoat on or near the ocean’s surface.
它吞噬了非常小的海洋植物和动物,称为浮游生物,而浮游生物在海洋表面或附近。
It swims with its enormous mouth open.
它开着巨大的口游泳
Special iflters in its gills catch the plankton and let the water lfow through Do You Know?
特别的海鸥会捕捉浮游生物 让水通过你知道吗?
Unlike humans, baby sharks are not helpless when they are born They are able to hunt for food A dogfish egg case right away Reproduction Most kinds of sharks bear live young.
与人类不同,小鲨鱼出生后并非无助 他们可以马上猎取食物 一只狗鱼蛋 繁殖大多数种类的鲨鱼 幼小活生生的
Baby sharks are called pups.
幼鲨被称作幼崽.
Few pups survive to become adult sharks.
很少有小狗能活下来成为成年鲨鱼.
A few kinds of sharks,including the dogfish,.
一些鲨鱼,包括狗鱼,
lay eggs that hatch a few months later.
几个月后孵出卵子
Each egg is protected by a leathery egg case.
每个蛋都有皮革蛋箱保护.
The cases are rectangular,and many have string-shaped ends that attach.
外壳呈长方形,许多外壳有字符串形状的末端相接.
to seaweed.
到海藻。
Some people call shark egg cases “mermaids’ purses ” Whitetip reef sharks are normally not dangerous to humans.
有些人称鲨鱼卵为"美人鱼钱包",
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
A great white shark can swallow a whole seal in one gulp Shark Attacks Many people are afraid of sharks,but most sharks do not attack humans.
大白鲨可以吞下一整只海豹 鲨鱼袭击 许多人害怕鲨鱼,但大多数鲨鱼并不攻击人类.
In fact,bees kill more people each year than sharks do.
事实上,蜜蜂每年杀死的人比鲨鱼多。
Only a few kinds of sharks are known to attack humans regularly.
已知只有少数种类的鲨鱼经常攻击人类.
One of these is the great white shark.
其中一个是大白鲨
Great white sharks usually eat large animals,such as sea lions and other sharks Nurse shark Even small sharks may bite if disturbed or surprised.
大白鲨通常吃大型动物,如海狮等. 护士鲨鱼 即使是小鲨鱼,如果被扰动或惊讶,也会被咬.
Shark attacks are usually the result of people swimming in shark territory.
鲨鱼攻击通常是人们在鲨鱼领地上游泳的结果.
Sharks also confuse humans with their prey.
鲨鱼还将人类与猎物混淆.
Many shark attacks involve the shark taking one “test bite”.
许多鲨鱼攻击涉及鲨鱼被“试咬一顿”。
and then swimming away when it realizes that the human is not its prey Hammerhead shark Strange Sharks One of the strangest looking sharks is the hammerhead shark.
当它意识到人类不是猎物 锤头鲨 奇怪的鲨鱼 最奇特的外观鲨鱼之一是锤头鲨.
It has a lfat head with a large lobe on each side.
它有一个头部 有一大片叶子 在两侧。
The eyes and nostrils are positioned on the ends of these lobes.
眼睛和鼻孔被定位在这些叶子的末端.
Its strange head shape helps the hammerhead see around and behind it.
它奇怪的头形能帮助锤头看到周围和后面.
Shark fishing boats Shark Survival People hunt sharks for many reasons.
鲨鱼渔船 鲨鱼生存 人们捕鲨的原因很多.
Sharkskin is used to make shoes,belts, and wallets.
鲨鱼皮用于制鞋,带子和钱包.
Shark oil is used in many cosmetics.
鲨鱼油被用在许多化妆品上.
Shark teeth are used for jewelry.
鲨鱼牙齿用于珠宝.
Many people eat shark meat.
许多人吃鲨鱼肉.
Chefs use shark fins to make a popular soup,.
大厨们用鲨鱼鳍来做一个流行的汤,
and the sharks usually die when their fins are removed Great white shark Many kinds of sharks are now in danger of extinction (being completely wiped out).
鲨鱼通常在鱼鳍被取出后会死亡 大白鲨 许多种类的鲨鱼现在面临灭绝的危险(被完全消灭).
People often do not protest when sharks are killed because sharks are thought to be mean and dangerous.
人们往往不抗议鲨鱼被杀死,因为鲨鱼被认为是卑鄙而危险的.
However,most sharks are not dangerous to humans GGGrrraaayyy rrreeeeeefff ssshhhaaarrrkkk Sharks do not reproduce nearly as quickly as other fish.
然而,大多数鲨鱼对人类并不危险。 鲨鱼的繁殖速度不如其他鱼类快。
When they are killed, it takes much longer for their numbers to increase again.
当他们被杀死时,他们的人数需要更长的时间才能再增加.
Sharks are an important part of the balance of life in the world’s oceans.
鲨鱼是世界海洋生命平衡的重要组成部分。
They have as much right to exist as any other animal
他们和任何其他动物一样有权生存