the Food Chain
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Chain of Life.
内容列表 生命链.
4 Eggs.
4个鸡蛋。
7 Alevins and Fry.
7个阿莱文斯和弗莱
8 Smolts.
8 smolts (英语).
10 Adults.
10个成人。
13 Spawners.
13个Spawners。
14 Conclusion.
14 结论。
19 Glossary.
19 词汇表。
20 Index.
20 指数。
20 A Chain of Life Imagine a chain.
20"生命链" 想象出一条链子
Each link is connected to the next.
每个链接连接到下一个链接.
One link cannot be broken without affecting the other links in the chain.
一个环节不能被打破而不影响链中的其他环节.
Salmon are links in many different food chains.
沙门是许多不同食物链中的环节.
As salmon go through the stages of their life, they eat and are eaten by different living things.
随着鲑鱼进入生命的各阶段,它们被不同的活物所吃和被吃.
Let’s look at the food chain for an adult salmon.
让我们看看成年鲑鱼的食物链。
It begins with plankton, tiny living organisms.
它开始于浮游生物,细小活生物.
Plankton are eaten by small fish such as herring.
浮游生物被 her等小鱼所吃.
Herring are then eaten by salmon.
Herring被鲑鱼吃掉了
A salmon may be eaten by a human, a bear, a killer whale, a seal, or an eagle.
鲑鱼可能被人类,熊,虎鲸,海豹,或鹰所吃.
Harming one living thing in a food chain harms other living things in the chain.
在食物链中伤害活物会伤害链中的其他活物.
Salmon are travelers.
沙门为行人.
They start their lives in streams or rivers, migrate far into the ocean, and return to the very same place to spawn, or reproduce.
它们开始在溪流或河流中生活, 迁徙到远洋, 回到同一个地方产卵,或繁殖。
Salmon are transformers.
沙门为变相.
During a salmon’s life, it will change shape and color numerous times.
在鲑鱼的一生中,它会多次改变形状和颜色.
In this book, you will learn about the salmon life cycle and about all the ways they are interconnected with other animals and with their environment.
在这本书中,你会了解鲑鱼的生命周期,以及它们与其他动物及其环境的相互联系的所有方式.
Humans sometimes catch fish to eat, and bears do, too!
人类有时会捕取鱼来吃,熊也会吃!
Salmon spend much of their lives in streams or rivers.
沙门常住溪河.
Only at the end of their lives do they reproduce.
直到他们生命的尽头,他们才会繁殖。
Eggs Salmon begin as tiny eggs laid in the gravel of a riverbed or streambed.
卵沙门起于河床或溪床砂砾中出产的小卵.
Salmon need cold, clean water in order to lay and fertilize eggs.
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If the temperature is too warm, the salmon may die before the eggs are laid.
如果温度过热,鲑鱼可能在产卵前死亡.
Salmon absorb oxygen from the water, so if the water is polluted, making it low in oxygen, salmon cannot breathe and will die.
沙门从水中吸收出氧气,所以如果被污染出水,使出水的氧气低,沙门无法呼吸并会死亡.
Water is a salmon’s environment, and if it is harmed, salmon and the eggs they lay will be, too.
水是鲑鱼的环境,
Alevins and Fry After about two weeks, the eggs hatch.
阿莱文斯和弗莱大约两周后,鸡蛋孵出.
The tiny salmon that emerge, called alevins (AL-uh-vins), have their food attached to their underbellies in a sac.
出现的小鲑鱼被称作"活口"(AL-uh-vins),它们的食物被附着在它们的腹部被塞入一囊.
Once the sac is empty, the alevins develop stripes and are called fry.
沙克一被空出后,外出会发展出条纹并被称作"煎".
A single salmon can lay thousands of eggs at one time.
一只鲑鱼一次可以产出上千个卵.
The sac attached to newly hatched salmon gives them what they need to grow.
新孵出出产的鲑鱼所附着的囊能给他们生长所需的.
Fry eat plankton.
佛来吃浮游生物.
If there are not enough plankton, the fry will starve.
如果没有足够的浮游生物,煎会饿死.
Plankton also need to live in clean, cool water.
浮游生物还需要生活在干净而凉爽的水中.
Plankton are a link in the food chain, and if it is disturbed, the fry will be, too.
浮游生物是食物链中的一环,如果被扰动了,被煎会也.
Smolts The amazing journey begins as fry change from brown to shiny silver and transform into smolts, the next stage in their life cycle.
斯莫尔特 惊人的旅程开始于煎从棕色变为闪闪发光的银色并被化为薄膜,这是它们生命周期的下个阶段.
Smolts eat insects.
斯摩地取食诸虫.
If there are not enough insects to eat, the smolts will not have enough energy to complete their migration to the sea.
如果食用昆虫不够多,则被溶解者将没有足够的能量来完成向出海的迁徙.
Insects are links in the food chain, and if they are disturbed, the salmon will be, too.
昆虫是食物链中的环节,如果它们被扰动,鲑鱼也会被扰动.
Plankton magnified many times under a microscope Salmon change color from brown to silver to better disguise themselves in the ocean.
浮游生物在显微镜下放大了多次,沙门将颜色从棕色变为银色来更好地伪装出自己在海洋中.
The smolts journey downstream to an area between the river and the ocean called an estuary.
斯克特人下游行至河道和海洋之间的一个叫"河口"的区域.
An estuary is where the fresh water and salt water combine to form brackish water.
出海口是淡水和盐水结合形成咸水的地方.
Smolts need the perfect estuary to prepare their bodies for the ocean and its salty water.
斯莫特人需要完美的河口来为自己的身体为海洋及其咸水做准备.
If the estuary doesn’t have just the right balance of fresh water and salt water, the smolts cannot make the changes they need to survive in the sea.
如果河口没有合适的淡水和盐水平衡,
Some estuaries have become polluted with chemicals.
一些河口被化学物质污染。
If the water contains chemicals, the fish absorbs those chemicals.
如果水中含有化学物质,鱼会吸收这些化学物质.
This can harm the fish or even kill it.
这会伤害到鱼 甚至会杀死鱼
If the smolt absorbs pollution into its body and then a bird eats the smolt, the bird becomes poisoned.
如果溶胶将污染吸收到体内,再有鸟吃出溶胶,鸟会中毒.
Smolts are part of the food chain, and if they are disturbed, the birds will be, too.
斯莫特是食物链的一部分,如果它们被扰动,鸟类也会被扰动.
Already we can see that water, fish, plankton, insects, and birds are all connected.
我们已经可以看到水、鱼、浮游生物、昆虫和鸟类都是相连的。
Shoreline where fresh water meets salt water If the fish has absorbed chemicals, the bird could get sick after it eats the fish.
淡水与盐水相接的海岸线 如果鱼已经吸收了化学物质,鸟吃后可能会生病.
Adults In the estuary, the smolts will develop into adult salmon, which scatter into the open ocean.
成年人 在河口会发展成成年的鲑鱼 它会散入公海
The adult salmon live and feed on smaller fish in the ocean for one to seven years, traveling thousands of miles.
成年的鲑鱼在海洋中以更小的鱼为生并食用一至七年,行走上千里.
When the time comes to reproduce, the salmon make the long swim back to the same river where they were hatched.
当繁殖时间到来时,鲑鱼会让长长的游回被孵化的同一条河流.
These salmon will become spawners.
这些鲑鱼会变成产卵物
Spawners As adult salmon return to fresh water, they lose their shiny, silvery color.
吞包机 成年鲑鱼回到了淡水中,它们失去了闪亮而银色的颜色.
The males change to bright red and green, and grow a hooked nose and large teeth.
雄性会变成明亮的红色和绿色,并会长出被钩住的鼻子和大牙齿.
The females, which already carry thousands of eggs, turn brown.
已经携带了上千个鸡蛋的雌性会变成棕色.
The males and females struggle against powerful currents as they swim upstream.
雄性与雌性在上游游来游去时与强大的水流相抗衡.
Spawners do not eat during their voyage.
速人航行时不吃.
Instead, they burn the fat they have stored from feeding in the ocean.
相反,它们燃烧它们储存在海洋中的脂肪。
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Some scientists believe that salmon memorize the scent of their own river and smell their way home.
一些科学家认为鲑鱼会记住自己河流的气味,并闻到回家的味道.
Because spawners are the favorite food of bears and eagles, the trip upstream is dangerous.
由于产卵是熊和鹰最喜爱的食物,上游之行是危险的.
Bears can be spotted fishing for salmon on the banks of rivers and estuaries.
在河流和河口岸边可以发现捕取鲑鱼的熊.
Bears need a great deal of body fat to make it through the winter.
熊需要大量身体脂肪才能熬过冬季.
Salmon skin is loaded with fat.
沙门外皮以脂为上.
If there are many salmon, the bears will eat only the nutritious skin and discard the rest.
如果有很多鲑鱼,熊只吃有营养的皮肤而丢弃其余的.
Eagles also love salmon.
鹰也爱沙门.
They catch their own, or they eat what the bears have left.
他们捕捉到自己的,或者吃熊留下的东西。
Humans also eat salmon.
人类也吃鲑鱼.
Salmon are a link in the food chain, and if they are disturbed, the bears, eagles, and humans will be, too.
沙门是食物链中的一个环节,如果它们被扰动,熊,鹰,和人类也会被扰动.
Bears actually catch the most salmon at night.
熊实际上在夜间捕获了最多的鲑鱼.
Bald eagles like to live near salmon streams so they are close to food.
秃鹰喜欢生活在沙门溪边 所以它们接近食物
Water is again critical to spawners.
水对产卵者来说又至关重要。
Humans have constructed dams in many rivers, and this prevents spawners from returning home to spawn.
人类在许多河流中建造了水坝,这阻止了产卵人回家去产卵.
Fewer eggs mean fewer new salmon and less food for birds, bears, and humans.
蛋较少意味着新出产的鲑鱼较少,而鸟类,熊和人类的食物也较少.
Water is part of the spawners’ environment, and if it is disturbed, the salmon, bears, birds, and humans will be, too.
水是产卵者环境的一部分,如果受到干扰,鲑鱼、熊、鸟和人类也将受到干扰。
Once the spawners make it home, the females lay eggs and the males fertilize them.
一旦产卵者回家,雌性产卵而雄性受精.
One week after reproducing, the salmon die.
复出后一礼拜出沙门.
But they do not go to waste.
但他们不会浪费。
Birds, bears, and other animals consume their bodies.
鸟类,熊等动物会消耗他们的身体.
Nutrients from the spawners’ flesh and bones also provide food for plankton.
来自产卵者的肉和骨头的营养物也为浮游生物提供食物。
Most salmon only spawn once in their lifetime.
大部分鲑鱼一生只产出一次.
The decomposing bodies of salmon fertilize the stream, helping the life cycle to start over again.
鲑鱼的分解体使溪水受精,帮助生命周期重新开始.
Conclusion Salmon are amazing.
结论沙门出妙相.
They begin their lives in a riverbed or streambed, travel to an ocean, and return to the place they were born.
他们开始在河床或河床生活,去到海洋,回到出生地。
Their bodies transform at each stage of their journey.
他们的身体在旅途的每一个阶段都会变形.
Salmon are important links in many food chains.
沙门是许多食物链中的重要环节.
These food chains change during different parts of a salmon’s life.
这些食物链在鲑鱼生活的不同阶段会发生变化。
What happens to salmon affects what happens to other living things in these food chains.
鲑鱼会影响食物链中其他活物
Glossary alevins baby salmon that have a food sac on their underbelly (p.
术语表 baby 三文鱼 在腹部有食物囊 (p.
8) brackish fresh and salt water mixed together (p.
8) 咸水和盐水混合(p.
11) estuary the part of a river where the fresh water mixes with the ocean’s salt water (p.
11)将淡水与海洋盐水相混合的河段入河口(p.
11) fertilize to combine male and female cells to create a new animal or plant (p.
11)受精后可以将雄性细胞和雌性细胞结合,形成新的动物或植物(p.
7) food chains plants and animals that are all connected to each other through what they eat (p.
7) 食物链植物和动物,通过所吃之物(p.
4) fry young salmon that live in a river (p.
4) 将生活在一河中的幼鲑(p.
8) interconnected connected with many things in many ways (p.
8) 在许多方面与许多事物相互联系(p.
6) plankton tiny animals that can only be seen with a microscope (p.
6) 浮游生物微小的动物,只能用显微镜(p.
5) smolts young salmon that move from a river to the ocean (p.
5) 将从一道河流向海洋移动的幼鲑(p.
10) spawn reproduce and lay eggs (p.
10)产卵繁殖并产卵(p.
6) Some types of salmon grow very large—up to 135 pounds, or about 61 kg.
6) 某些种类的鲑鱼生长非常大,可达135磅,或约61公斤.