the Jaguar
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Hello, Neighbor.
内容表 你好,邻居。
4 What Is a Jaguar?
四是美洲虎吗?
6 People and Predators.
6 人与食人.
8 Changing Attitudes.
8 改变态度。
11 Captured on Camera.
11号被摄像头抓住了
12 Calling All Females.
12呼叫所有女性。
14 More to Come?
再来14个?
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Hello, Neighbor In the fall of 2015, a giant spotted cat wandered in front of a hidden camera in the mountains of southern Arizona—and into history.
你好,邻居 2015年秋天,一只被发现的巨猫在亚利桑那州南部山区隐藏相机前徘徊——并进入了历史.
It was the first video footage captured of the only known wild jaguar living in the United States.
这是第一个拍摄到的录像片段,记录了美国唯一已知的野生美洲虎。
A motion-detection camera captured this nighttime image of El Jefe.
一部运动探测相机拍摄到了这个夜幕中的"精灵"形象.
Jaguars once lived in parts of what is now the United States.
美洲虎曾经生活在现在美国的一些地方。
There are old reports of jaguars in California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana.
加利福尼亚州,亚利桑那州,新墨西哥州,德克萨斯州和路易斯安那州都有关于美洲虎的旧报道.
Since 1997, jaguars have been roaming north from Mexico onto the same land where their ancestors once lived.
自1997年以来,美洲虎一直从墨西哥向北游荡到其祖先曾经居住的同一地.
Scientists say all seven that have been sighted are males.
科学家说所有7个被看见的都是男性.
Male jaguars are the ones that typically find new territories in order to start their own families, if females will follow.
雄性美洲虎是通常为了建立自己的家庭而寻找新领地的人,如果雌性会跟着的话。
Students at a Tucson (TOO-sahn), Arizona, middle school where the mascot is a jaguar held a vote to name the big cat caught on camera.
在亚利桑那州Tucson(TOO-sahn),吉祥物为美洲虎的中学校的学生举行投票,为被相机捕获的大猫取名.
They settled on El Jefe (HEF-ay), which means “the boss” in Spanish.
他们定居在El Jefe(HEF-ay),即西班牙语中的“老板”。
Within months, the video footage of El Jefe had been seen by more than twenty million people around the world.
几个月内,El Jefe的录像被全世界超过2 000万人看到。
He was a star.
他是个明星。
Black jaguars have fur with different pigment, or coloring, from other jaguars.
黑色美洲虎有与其它美洲虎有不同色素的皮毛,或有颜色.
Answer: A) jaguar B) leopard What Is a Jaguar?
回答:A)美洲豹 B)猎豹. 美洲虎是什么来着?
Jaguars are the third-largest wild cats in the world and the largest in the Western Hemisphere.
美洲虎是世界第三大野猫,也是西半球最大的野猫.
Only lions and tigers are bigger.
只有狮子和老虎比较大.
Jaguars have thick legs, a large chest, and jaws that are capable of crushing a skull.
美洲虎的腿很厚,胸部很大,下巴能压碎一头颅.
In fact, that’s how they often kill their prey.
事实上,他们经常这样杀死猎物。
Their yellowish fur is covered in a grouping of spots called rosettes.
它们的黄色皮毛被一组叫"玫瑰花"的斑点所覆盖.
People often confuse jaguars and leopards, but it’s easy to tell them apart.
人们常常把美洲豹和美洲豹混为一谈,
Jaguars have spots in the middle of their rosettes, and leopards don’t.
美洲豹在玫瑰花中间有斑点,
Can you tell which rosettes belong to a leopard and which belong to a jaguar?
你能分出哪些玫瑰花是豹子的 哪些是美洲虎的吗?
Jaguars can weigh 150 to 250 pounds (68–113 kg).
美洲虎可以重150至250磅(68–113公斤).
They can be as long as 7 feet (2 m) from their nose to the tip of their tail.
它们从鼻子到尾端可长达7英尺(2米).
Despite their size, they are stealthy, fast, and even pretty good at climbing trees.
虽有体型,它们还是隐形的,快活的,甚至相当会爬树.
These traits make them perfect predators in the wild.
这些特质使它们在野外成为完美的捕食者.
Jaguars climb trees, but they don’t hoist their kills into trees.
美洲虎爬上树木,
As the top predator in the Americas, they don’t need to worry about other animals stealing their food.
作为美洲顶级捕食者,
People and Predators More than four hundred thousand jaguars once lived in the wild.
人和食肉动物 有四十多万美洲虎曾经生活在野外
Their range stretched from the forests and swamps of South and Central America to drier parts of the southern United States.
它们的范围从南美洲和中美洲的森林和沼泽延伸到美国南部更干燥的部分地区。
Breeding Jaguar Range ATLANTIC OCEAN SOUTH AMERICA NORTH AMERICA PACIFIC OCEAN past range present range KEY The range for breeding jaguars —jaguars having cubs—still includes eighteen countries from Mexico to Argentina.
培育美洲虎范围 南-北太平洋过去的范围 关键 美洲虎的繁殖范围——有幼崽的美洲虎——仍然包括从墨西哥到阿根廷的18个国家。
Yet jaguars have disappeared from almost half of where they once lived.
然而美洲虎已经从他们曾经住过的几乎一半的地方消失了.
The big cats need safe, open routes so they can travel from one area of good habitat to another.
大猫需要安全,开放的路线,这样它们就可以从一个好栖息地到另一个好地段.
Human actions, from cutting down forests to building border walls and fences, can stop that movement.
人类行动,从砍伐森林到修建边界墙和围栏,可以阻止这种行动。
Over the past century or so, the number of jaguars has declined.
在上个世纪左右,美洲虎的数量已经下降。
Humans are largely to blame.
人类基本上要受到指责。
Sometimes the killing was on purpose—hunting, for example.
有时杀人是故意的——例如狩猎。
Jaguars have long been hunted for their beautiful fur.
美洲虎早已被猎取出它们美丽的皮毛.
Scientists estimate that in the 1960s and 1970s, for instance, as many as fifteen thousand jaguars were killed each year.
科学家估计,在1960年代和1970年代,例如每年有多达一万五千名美洲虎被杀死.
In Brazil, some people still make their living by killing jaguars and selling their fur.
在巴西,有些人仍然通过杀死美洲虎并出售皮毛来谋生.
Some people kill jaguars for another reason, too.
有些人还因为另一个原因杀了美洲虎
They sometimes dislike jaguars and other large predators such as bears, wolves, lions, and tigers.
它们有时不喜欢美洲虎等大型捕食者,如熊,狼,狮子和老虎等.
That’s partly because many people fear them.
这在一定程度上是因为许多人害怕他们。
It’s also because predators need to eat.
也因为捕食者需要吃东西。
They sometimes find an easy meal with livestock such as cows or sheep.
他们有时会与牛或羊等牲畜一起找到一顿轻松的饭.
Some ranchers worry that jaguars might kill their livestock, which ranchers need to make a living.
一些牧场主担心贾瓜人会杀死他们的牲畜,而牧场主需要这些牲畜为生.
Yet even when people don’t mean to kill jaguars, their actions sometimes do.
即使人们无意杀害美洲虎,
For instance, when people cut down forests for other uses, they also destroy jaguar habitat.
例如,当人们为了其他目的砍伐森林时,也会破坏美洲虎的栖息地。
As a result, only fifteen thousand jaguars are left on the planet, and scientists say the number continues to drop.
因此,地球上只剩下一万五千只美洲虎,科学家们说,这个数字继续下降.
When the government tried to bring wolves back to New Mexico, this sign went up to show that some local people didn’t want wolves around.
当政府试图把狼带回新墨西哥州时,
Changing Attitudes Attitudes about jaguars and other large predators have changed as scientists learn more about them.
改变态度 随着科学家们更多地了解美洲虎和其他大型捕食者,人们对它们的态度也发生了变化.
Scientists have taught us that jaguars play an important role in nature.
科学家告诉我们,美洲虎在大自然中发挥着重要作用。
As a top predator, they help keep populations of other animals in balance.
作为顶级捕食者,它们帮助其他动物种群保持平衡.
That helps make sure there’s enough food for all species.
这有利于确保所有物种都有足够的食物。
Since 1972, jaguars in the United States have been protected as an endangered species.
自1972年起,美国的美洲虎被保护为濒危物种.
That means it’s illegal to kill them and that the government must protect them and their habitat.
政府必须保护他们及其栖息地。
In 2014, the U.
2014年,获U.
S.
师曰.
government named 750,000 acres (3,035 sq km) as critical habitat for jaguars in Arizona and New Mexico.
政府将75万英亩(3,035平方公里)命名为亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州美洲虎的重要栖息地。
As a result, extra care must be taken with the land if people are going to change it.
因此,如果人们要改变土地,就必须特别小心。
Jaguars eat many different animals.
美洲虎食用许多不同的动物.
Their diet depends on where they live.
其饮食取取所住.
This jaguar in Brazil has just killed a yellow anaconda snake.
这只美洲虎在巴西刚刚杀死了一只黄色的Anaconda蛇.
Captured on Camera In Mexico, scientists estimate that 80 to 120 jaguars live in the Northern Jaguar Reserve.
在墨西哥,科学家估计80到120只美洲虎生活在北美洲虎保护区。
It’s a tough, mountainous area about 150 miles (241 km) south of the U.
距美国以南约150英里(241公里),
S.
师曰.
border.
边框。
Every now and then, a jaguar from that population in Mexico walks north into the United States.
每时每刻,墨西哥的一只美洲虎 向北走入美国。
In some places, scientists have set up video cameras in the wild.
在一些地方,科学家在野外设置了相机.
When something moves nearby, the cameras start recording.
当有东西移动到附近,相机开始录音.
Since video cameras captured El Jefe in 2015, other male jaguars in the mountains of Arizona have also been captured on camera.
自从2015年摄相机捕获了El Jefe后,亚利桑那山上的其他男性美洲虎也被摄相机捕获.
Nose Power Meet Mayke.
鼻能相会梅克.
She’s a scat-detection dog.
她是一个小猫探测犬。
Although she trained to do police work, Mayke scares easily and hates loud noises.
虽然她训练了警察工作,但梅克却容易被吓倒并讨厌出声.
So she trained again, this time learning to sniff out fresh jaguar scat (poop).
所以她再次训练, 这一次学习 嗅出新鲜的美洲虎猫 (poop).
She found a lot of it.
她发现了很多
That, in turn, helped scientists know good places to set up their wildlife cameras.
这反过来又帮助科学家们知道 建立野生动物摄像机的好地方。
Each time a jaguar appears in a photo or video, scientists take a close look at its spots.
每次一只美洲虎出现在相片或相片中,科学家都会仔细观察它的斑点.
They want to see if the spots match those of other jaguars they’ve found.
他们想知道这些斑点是否与他们发现的其他美洲虎相匹配。
They also look at the shape of its skull and its size to help figure out whether it’s male or female.
他们也研究了头骨的形状和大小,
Name That Cat Besides El Jefe, local schoolkids have named other recent Arizona jaguars, too.
当地的学生也给亚利桑那州其他的美洲虎取名
They named one Sombra, which means “shadow” in Spanish.
他们给一个Sombra取名,这在西班牙语中意为“影子”。
They named the other Yo’oko, which is the Yaqui (YAH-kee) Indian word for “jaguar.”
他们将另一个Yo ' oko(YAH-kee)印度语词取名为 " 美洲虎 " 。 “
Critical Jaguar Habitat in the United States New Mexico Arizona El Jefe Tucson MEXICO Sombra Yo’oko In March 2014, jaguars gained some habitat protection from the U.
美国亚利桑那州重要美洲虎栖息地 索姆布拉·洋子 2014年3月,美洲虎从U得到一些栖息地保护.
S.
师曰.
government.
政府。
Protecting a species’ habitat is a key part of protecting that species.
保护物种生境是保护该物种的一个关键部分。
Because jaguars roam far and wide, not all of their habitat can be protected.
因为美洲虎在漫游相去甚远,所以并非所有栖息地都能被保护.
Sadly, in late 2017, Yo’oko was trapped and killed after he wandered back into Mexico.
在2017年末, Yo'oko在回墨西哥后被困并被杀死。
NORTH AMERICA map area critical habitat jaguar caught on camera Calling All Females So far, only males have been captured on camera.
北美地图区关键栖息地被摄相机捕获 召唤所有女性 迄今为止,只有雄性被相机所捕获.
That may mean no female jaguars live in the United States—yet.
这也许意味着在美国没有女性美洲虎。
It could also simply mean no females have walked in front of a camera.
也可能意味着没有雌性在相机前行走。
Either way, jaguar advocates hope that female jaguars will make their way into the United States and begin a family.
无论哪种方式,美洲虎都主张希望女性美洲虎会进入美国并开始一个家庭.
Only then will jaguars be reestablished in the United States.
只有这样,美洲虎才能在美国重新建立。
Someday, there may even be enough jaguars in the United States that they are no longer considered endangered.
有一天,在美国甚至可能有足够的美洲虎不再被视为濒危.
A jaguar mom gives birth to two to four cubs.
一个美洲虎妈妈生出2到4个幼崽.
The cubs are full-grown in about three years.
幼崽在大约3年时间里就已经完全发育了.
More to Come?
还要来吗?
Not everyone likes large predators roaming wild, but few people can deny that jaguars are fascinating.
并不是每个人都喜欢大掠食者在野外游荡,但很少有人可以否认美洲虎是迷人的.
The return of jaguars to the United States is exciting for people who love these big cats.
美洲虎回到美国对爱这些大猫的人来说是令人兴奋的.
Many want to see jaguars back in some of the lands where they used to live.
许多人想看到美洲虎回到他们曾经居住的地盘。
For now, there are just a few, but someday there could be many!
现在,只有几个, 但有一天可能有很多!
This mural in downtown Tucson, Arizona, celebrates the arrival of El Jefe—and other jaguars that may make their way north.
这幅壁画在亚利桑那州图克森市中心,
Glossary advocates (n.)
词汇倡导者(不详)
people who actively support a cause (p.
积极支持某项事业的人(p.
14) ancestors (n.)
14) 祖先 (n.
family members from long ago (p.
从很久以前起的家庭成员(p.
5) critical habitat (n.)
5) 重要栖息地 (n.
species (n.)
(不详)
(v.)
(五.)