Good for Thurgood!
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Thurgood Marshall was born in 1908 in Baltimore, Maryland.
瑟古德·马歇尔于1908年生于马里兰州巴尔的摩.
He was African American, and his grandfather was a former slave.
他是非裔美国人,祖父是前奴隶.
By the time Thurgood was born, it was against the law to own slaves.
到了瑟古德出世的时候,拥有奴隶是违法的.
Thurgood grew up with both black and white neighbors, but in many states, people were segregated.
瑟古德与黑人和白人邻居一起长大,但在许多州,人们被隔离.
In the South, black people were not allowed to eat in many restaurants that served white people.
在南方,许多为白人服务的餐馆不允许黑人吃东西.
They were not allowed to sit in the same train cars as white people.
他们不允许与白人坐在同一辆火车上。
Black children in the South were not allowed to go to school with white children.
南方的黑人儿童不允许与白人儿童一起上学.
They couldn’t even drink from the same water fountains.
他们甚至不能喝同一个水泉。
Yet the Supreme Court—the highest court in the land—had made segregation legal.
然而,最高法院——土地的最高法院——将隔离定为合法。
It decided that those restaurants, trains, schools, parks, and hotels were “separate but equal.”
它决定,这些餐馆、火车、学校、公园和旅馆“是分开但平等的”。 “
In fact, those places were not equal, and those laws were unfair.
事实上,这些地方是不平等的,这些法律是不公平的。
At the dinner table, Thurgood’s family used to argue about what to do about those laws.
在餐桌上,Thurgood的家人经常争论如何执行这些法律。
Thurgood became very good at arguing.
Thurgood 变得非常擅长争论.
Black children attend an all-black school in Kentucky in 1916.
黑人儿童在1916年就读于肯塔基州的一所全黑人学校.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Thurgood was originally named “Thoroughgood.”
Thurgood最初被命名为“Thoughgood”。 “
Because he didn’t like having to spell it, he shortened his name to Thurgood in second grade.
因为不喜欢拼写,
His nickname was “Goody.”
他的外号是“Goody”。 “
Thurgood liked pranks and got into his fair share of trouble growing up.
Thurgood喜欢恶作剧,在成长过程中陷入了自己的困境.
His punishment in high school was often to memorize the U.
他在高中的处罚常常是为了纪念U.
S.
师曰.
Constitution.
宪法。
“Before I left that school, I knew the whole thing by heart,” he later said.
“在我离开那所学校之前,我心知肚明,”他后来说。
Yet some of the ideas in the Constitution did not hold true in his own life.
然而,《宪法》中的一些思想在他自己的生活中并不真实。
Thurgood thought the rights in the Constitution should apply to everyone.
Thurgood认为《宪法》规定的权利应适用于每个人。
He felt that the laws in some states that segregated African Americans went against the ideas and laws put forth in the Constitution.
他认为,一些州中隔离非裔美国人的法律违背了宪法中提出的思想和法律.
He realized that by becoming a lawyer, he could use the law to help African Americans achieve equality.
他意识到通过成为一名律师,他可以利用法律帮助非裔美国人实现平等.
After graduating from an all-black college, Marshall wanted to attend the University of Maryland Law School.
马歇尔从一所全黑学院毕业后想入读马里兰大学法学院.
Because of his race, the school would not let him in.
由于他的种族,学校不会让他进入.
Instead, he went to the all-black law school at Howard University.
相反,他进入了霍华德大学的全黑人法学院.
He graduated at the top of his class in 1933.
1933年毕业于班上最高级.
The next year, he began to work as a lawyer.
次年,他开始从事律师工作.
In 1936, he won his first big victory for civil rights.
1936年,他赢得了第一个争取公民权利的大胜利.
It was against the University of Maryland Law School—the same school that Marshall had wanted to attend.
这违背了马里兰大学法学院——马歇尔想就读的同一所学校。
Another black student had also been denied admission to the law school because of his race.
另一名黑人学生也因种族原因被拒绝进入法学院。
That student took the school to court, saying that the school’s discrimination was illegal.
这名学生将学校告上法庭,说学校的歧视是非法的。
Marshall argued the case and won.
马歇尔为此案争辩并获胜.
Marshall (standing) gets ready for court in 1935.
马歇尔(Stand)在1935年准备上法庭.
Marshall was just thirty-two when he began arguing cases before the Supreme Court.
马歇尔在最高法院开始辩论案件时只有32岁.
In one case, he argued against segregated neighborhoods.
在一个案件中,他反对隔离区。
He said that people of other races should be allowed to purchase homes in white neighborhoods.
他说,应该允许其他种族的人在白人社区购买住房.
Marshall argued another case about segregation on buses and trains.
马歇尔争论另一起公交车和火车隔离案.
He said that black and white people should be able to ride together.
他说,黑白双方应该能够一起骑马.
Marshall won these and many other cases for civil rights.
马歇尔赢得了这些案件和许多其他公民权利案件.
In 1954, Marshall argued his most important case of all, Brown v.
1954年,马歇尔为他最重要的案件"Brown v.
Board of Education.
教育委员会.
At that time, many states spent far less money on black students than on white students.
当时,许多州花在黑人学生上的钱远少于花在白人学生上的钱.
Black children in those states had to attend all-black schools, even when they lived miles closer to an all-white school.
这些州的黑人儿童必须上全黑人学校,即使他们住在离全白人学校相距相去几英里的地方。
Black students in crowded schools were not allowed to attend white schools with empty classrooms.
拥挤学校的黑人学生不得入读有空教室的白色学校.
In many places, they could not ride buses to school, even when a bus for white children passed their door every day.
在许多地方,他们不能坐公交车去上学,即使每天有一辆白人儿童的公交车经过他们的门.
Marshall argued that it was unfair to have separate schools for black children and white children.
马歇尔认为,为黑人子女和白人子女分设学校是不公平的.
He argued that “separate was not equal.”
他争辩说,“分离是不平等的。 “
The only way to gain equality was to allow children of all races to attend the same public schools.
实现平等的唯一途径是允许所有种族的儿童在同一所公立学校上学。
In 1951, the closest elementary school to Linda Brown in Topeka, Kansas, was four blocks from her home.
1951年,堪萨斯州托佩卡最接近琳达·布朗的小学离她家有四个街区.
Yet because the school was all-white, Brown could not attend.
但是因为学校是全白的,布朗无法参加.
Her father, Oliver Brown, started the lawsuit that became Brown v.
她的父亲奥利弗·布朗(Oliver Brown)提起了成为"布朗诉"的诉讼.
Board of Education.
教育委员会.
In all, Marshall argued thirty-two cases before the Supreme Court and won twenty- nine of them.
总之,马歇尔在最高法院上辩论了32个案件,赢得了其中的29个案件.
He became the first African American to argue cases for the U.
他成为第一个为U争权夺利的非裔美国人.
S.
师曰.
government before the Supreme Court.
政府向最高法院提出上诉。
In 1967, President Lyndon Johnson chose Marshall to be a justice on the Supreme Court.
1967年,林登·约翰逊总统选择马歇尔出任最高法院法官.
He became the first African American to ever serve on the highest court of the United States.
他成为首位在美国最高法院任职的非裔美国人.
Marshall won his case.
马歇尔赢得了他的案子。
Every justice on the Supreme Court voted to end school segregation.
最高法院的每个法官都投票决定结束学校隔离。
That decision helped end other kinds of segregation in the United States as well.
这一决定也有助于结束美国的其他隔离。
It inspired the civil rights movement, which took place over the next decade.
它激励了民权运动,它发生在后十年.
It also made Marshall famous.
也使马歇尔出名.
Marshall’s work helped make it possible for black, white, and Latino students to all say the Pledge of Allegiance together.
马歇尔的作品帮助黑人、白人和拉丁裔学生共同说出"团结誓言"。
Marshall traveled a lot in order to argue for the rights of black Americans.
马歇尔为了争取美国黑人的权利而经常出行.
Justice Marshall still got to argue a lot, and he always argued to make things fair.
马歇尔法官仍然需要争论很多,他总是争论让事情公平.
He upheld the rights of prisoners, children, women, and homeless people.
他维护囚犯、儿童、妇女和无家可归者的权利。
Justices serve on the Supreme Court for life.
法官终身任职于最高法院.
Justice Marshall wanted to stay on the court as long as he could so that his voice would continue to be heard.
马歇尔法官希望尽可能地留在法庭,以便他的声音继续被听到.
Marshall served on the court for twenty-four years.
马歇尔在宫廷服役了二十四年.
In 1991, at age eighty-three, he retired.
1991年,八十三岁退休.
At that time, reporters asked him if black people were better off than when he’d joined the court.
记者问他黑人是否比他加入法庭时好。
“All Americans are better off since I joined the Court,” Marshall said.
Marshall说,“自从我加入法院以来,所有美国人都更美好。”
“All of them.”
“他们所有人。 “
He died two years later.
两年后去世.
The nine justices of the U.
乌有九公.
S.
师曰.
Supreme Court gather for a portrait in October 2010.
最高法院于2010年10月聚集一堂取相像.
Who Serves on the Supreme Court?
谁在最高法院任职?
For many years, only white men served on the Supreme Court.
多年来,只有白人在最高法院任职.
Of the nine justices, there were no women and no people of color.
九道正法中无有女人有色相.
Because the president appoints each justice for life, it took a long time to make things more equal.
因为总统为每个正义终身任命,所以花了很长的时间让事物更加平等.
The first change came when Thurgood Marshall became a justice in 1967.
1967年瑟古德·马歇尔成为了一名正义者,第一次变化就来了.
Then the first woman, Sandra Day O’Connor, was appointed in 1981.
随后,第一位女性桑德拉·戴·奥康纳于1981年被任命.
In 2013, one African American man and three women served on the court, including one Latina woman.
2013年,一名非裔美国男子和三名女性在法院任职,其中包括一名拉美裔女性.
Thurgood Marshall smiles before becoming the first black member of the Supreme Court in 1967.
瑟古德·马歇尔在1967年成为最高法院第一位黑人成员之前微笑.
Marshall believed in the American legal system.
马歇尔相信美国的法律制度.
He believed that it was the root of equality in the country and that only the law would bring permanent change.
他认为,这是该国平等的根源,只有法律才能带来永久的变化。
He thought the right laws could even change the minds and hearts of some people.
他认为正确的法律甚至可以改变一些人的思想和心意.
Thurgood Marshall changed the country not just for African Americans but for people of all races.
Thurgood Marshall不仅为非裔美国人,而且为所有种族的人改变了国家。
His ideas about the Constitution advanced justice, freedom, and opportunity for all Americans.
他关于宪法的主张为全体美国人推进了正义,自由和机会.
Glossary civil rights (n.)
公民权利词汇表(不详)
legal, social, and economic rights that guarantee freedom and equality for all citizens (p.
保障所有公民自由和平等的法律、社会和经济权利(第3页)。
8) Constitution (n.)
8)宪法 (n.
the written rules that govern the United States (p.
美国的成文规则(p.
7) discrimination (n.)
7) 歧视(n.)
the unfair treatment of a person or group based on gender, race, age, religion, or other differences (p.
基于性别、种族、年龄、宗教或其他区别(p.
8) equality (n.)
8) 平等(n.)
the condition in which everyone has the same rights (p.
人人有权享有同样权利的条件(p.
7) justice (n.)
7) 司法(不详)
a judge (p.
a 法官(第6页)。
11) race (n.)
11) 种族(n.
a group of humans as defined by their skin color and other physical features (p.
以肤色和其他物理特征定义的一组人类(p.
7) segregated (adj.)
7) 隔离(adj.)
kept apart on the basis of group differences, such as race (p.
基于种族(p.
3) South (n.)
3) 南方 (n.
the southeastern part of the United States, especially states that formed part of the Confederacy during the Civil War (p.
美国东南部地区,特别是内战期间组成邦联的各州(p.
4) Supreme Court (n.)
4) 最高法院(不详)
the highest court of law in the judicial system of the United States (p.
美国司法系统中的最高法院(p.
5) A new postage stamp honoring Thurgood Marshall was unveiled in 2003.
5) 2003年揭幕了纪念Thurgood Marshall的新邮票.