Gandhi
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents “Father of India”.
“印度父亲”目录。
4 Early Life.
4"早生" (中文(简体) ).
5 South Africa.
5 南非。
7 A Leader in India.
7 印度领导人。
9 The Salt March.
9"盐行会".
11 Change Begins.
11 变化开始.
13 Death and Legacy.
13"死亡与遗产".
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 “Father of India” With his bald head, thin body, wire glasses, and shy nature, Mohandas Gandhi seemed like a kind grandfather.
16 “印度之父”头秃、身体瘦弱、有线眼镜和害羞的天性,莫罕达斯·甘地似乎是一个善良的祖父。
Within this quiet man, however, was a powerful will.
然而,在这个安静的人内部,是一个强大的意志。
His strong beliefs in fairness, freedom, kindness, and peace changed nations.
他对公平、自由、善良与和平的坚定信念改变了国家。
Even many years after his death, “The Father of India” continues to inspire people around the world.
甚至在他去世多年后,“印度之父”仍然激励着全世界人民。
Early Life Gandhi was born into a large Hindu family on October 2, 1869.
早活甘地于1869年10月2日生入一个大型印度教家庭.
Many Hindus believe in nonviolence and caring for others.
许多印度教徒信仰非暴力并关心他人.
His mother was a great example.
他的母亲是一个很好的例子。
She prayed daily and took care of people who were sick or poor.
她每天祷告,照顾生病或贫穷的人.
His father worked as a local government leader.
他的父亲曾出任地方政府领导人.
He often settled disagreements between the local people and the British, who ruled India.
他经常解决当地人民同统治印度的英国人之间的分歧.
From his father, Gandhi would learn to respect others and their beliefs.
从他父亲那里,甘地会学会尊重他人和他们的信仰.
At eighteen, Gandhi sailed to England to study law.
18岁,甘地出海去英国学习法律.
While attending school in London, he began to study different religions and their texts.
在伦敦上学期间,他开始学习不同的宗教及其文字.
After a few years, Gandhi became a lawyer and returned to India.
几年后,甘地成为了一名律师并回到了印度.
Still very shy, he struggled to find work.
仍然很害羞,他努力寻找工作。
He agreed to take a job in South Africa in 1888.
他同意于1888年在南非就业.
Gandhi (right) and his older brother Marriage When Gandhi was very young, his parents arranged his marriage.
甘地 (右派)和他哥哥 在甘地很小的时候,他的父母安排了他的婚姻.
This custom was common in India.
这种习俗在印度很常见.
At thirteen, Gandhi married Kasturba, who was the same age.
13岁时,甘地与同龄的卡斯图尔巴结婚.
South Africa South Africa was also ruled by the British.
南非南非也曾被英国统治.
People who were not white were treated poorly.
不是白人的人受到的待遇很差。
One day while Gandhi traveled by train, a conductor told him he couldn’t sit in the first-class car.
甘地乘坐火车时, 一位指挥员告诉他不能坐一等车。
Gandhi said that he was traveling on business and had bought a first-class ticket.
甘地说,他出差,买了一等票.
None of that mattered because of the color of Gandhi’s skin.
因为甘地的肤色,
When Gandhi would not leave, he was thrown off the train.
当甘地不肯离开时,他被从火车上扔下.
On another trip, a driver beat Gandhi for refusing to make room for a white passenger.
在另一次出行时,一名司机因拒绝给一名白人乘客腾出空间而殴打了甘地.
Gandhi thought this was unfair and felt he had to do something.
甘地认为这是不公平的,觉得他必须做点什么.
He stayed in South Africa and worked hard to help the Indians in that country.
他留在了南非并努力帮助那个国家的印第安人.
His work brought attention to him as well as to the struggles of Indians in South Africa.
他的作品也引起了他和南非印第安人的斗争.
He also became a leader among the Indian people.
他也成为了印度人民的领袖.
During this time, every Indian in South Africa was forced to register with the government.
在此期间,南非的每一个印第安人都被迫向政府登记.
Gandhi held a protest, during which he explained his idea of satyagraha (suh-TYAH-gruh-huh).
甘地举行抗议会,期间他解释了自己对satyagraha(suh-TYAH-gruh-huh)的想法.
The word means “holding firmly to the truth.”
这个词的意思是“坚决坚持真理。 “
Gandhi used it to represent his form of nonviolent protest.
甘地用它来代表他的非暴力抗议形式.
He called for Indians to disobey the law and accept the punishments.
他呼吁印第安人违抗法律,接受惩罚.
Many Indians were beaten or jailed, including Gandhi.
许多印第安人被殴打或监禁,包括甘地.
News of the protests and punishments reached around the world.
世界各地发生的抗议和惩罚事件。
People were shocked.
人们震惊。
They spoke out against the government.
他们公开反对政府。
The government had to talk with the protesters.
政府不得不与抗议者交谈.
Gandhi remained in South Africa for twenty years.
甘地在南非逗留了20年.
He continued to work for better treatment of Indians.
他继续努力改善印第安人的待遇.
During this time, he stopped wearing western clothes.
在此期间,他不再穿西装.
Instead, he wore the homemade robes and sandals for which he would become known.
相反,他身穿自制长袍和凉鞋,他因此而出名。
A Leader in India When Gandhi returned to India, he worked to free India from British rule.
甘地回印度后在印度担任领袖,他致力于使印度摆脱英国统治.
In 1919, the government passed acts that let authorities arrest people who caused political trouble.
1919年,政府通过法令,允许当局逮捕制造政治麻烦的人.
Gandhi called for people to stay home from work and school in protest.
甘地呼吁人们在下班和上学后留在家中以示抗议.
When violence broke out against the British, Gandhi canceled the protest.
当针对英国人的暴力爆发后,甘地取消了抗议活动.
A few days later, thousands of people gathered in the city of Amritsar in a peaceful, yet illegal, protest.
几天后,数千人聚集在阿姆里萨尔市,进行和平而非法的抗议.
Suddenly, the British troops surrounding the protest started shooting.
突然,包围抗议活动的英国部队开始开枪.
Hundreds of people died, and many others were hurt.
有上百人丧生,另有多人受伤.
The events in Amritsar changed everything.
阿姆里撒事件改变了一切
Soon after, Gandhi started another nonviolent protest.
不久后,甘地又发动了一次非暴力抗议.
He called for Indians to no longer buy British goods or work for the British in any way.
他呼吁印第安人不再以任何方式购买英国货物或为英国人工作.
While his efforts were somewhat successful, some Indians still caused violence.
虽然他的努力有些成功,但一些印第安人仍然引发了暴力.
Gandhi was seen as the leader of the protest.
甘地被视为抗议的领袖.
Because of the violence, he was arrested and sent to prison.
由于暴力,他被逮捕并被送入监狱.
He was released after two years and immediately continued his work.
他两年后被释放,并立即继续工作.
Gandhi and Kasturba Gandhi and Kasturba supported the same ideas.
甘地和卡斯图尔巴·甘地和卡斯图尔巴都支持同样的想法.
Kasturba worked with Gandhi.
卡斯图尔巴与甘地合作.
She even stood in for him while he was in prison.
在他入狱期间 她甚至支持他
Kasturba and Gandhi had four sons.
卡斯图尔巴和甘地有四个儿子.
Their marriage lasted until she died in 1944.
他们的婚姻一直持续到她于1944年去世.
The Salt March One of Gandhi’s most successful protests took place in 1930.
盐行会 甘地最成功的抗议活动之一发生在1930年.
In India, only British companies were allowed to produce and sell salt.
在印度,只有英国公司被允许生产和销售盐.
The government also placed a large tax on any salt sold.
政府还对任何出售的盐都征收了巨额税.
Gandhi thought it was unfair for Indians to pay the British for salt from Indian lands.
甘地认为从印度地取出盐给英国人是不公平的.
On March 12, Gandhi and some followers began a 21-day, 240-mile (386 km) walk across India to the sea.
3月12日,甘地和一些追随者开始了为期21天,240英里(386公里)的行走,穿越了印度到出海.
Along the way, Gandhi spoke to people and made speeches to large crowds.
一路走来,甘地与人交谈,向广大群众发表演讲.
When he reached the coast, tens of thousands of Indians were following him.
当他到达海岸时,数以万计的印度人跟着他.
Early on the morning of April 6, Gandhi went down to the shore.
4月6日清晨,甘地下岸.
He picked up a grain of salt from the ground.
从地取出一粒盐来.
His followers did the same.
他的追随者也这样做了。
Gandhi was arrested, along with more than 60,000 others.
甘地与其他6万多人一起被捕.
Gandhi and his followers marching to the shore Gandhi picking up salt at the end of his long march Starting point Dandi India Salt march route Salt Along India’s coast are large salt flats.
甘地及其追随者前往岸边 甘地在长征后取取盐 起步点丹地印度盐道 沿着印度海岸的盐道是大型盐地.
Seawater evaporates here, leaving salt behind on the ground.
海水在这里蒸发,将盐留在地上.
Until the government made it illegal, Indians could simply gather and use this salt for free.
在政府将其非法化之前,印第安人可以简单地收集和免费使用这种盐.
The agreement that ended British rule was signed in 1947.
结束英国统治的协定于1947年签署.
The country was split, against Gandhi’s advice.
国家分裂了,违背了甘地的建议。
The Muslim people formed the new country of Pakistan.
穆斯林人民组成了新的巴基斯坦国家.
More than ten million people moved from one country to the other.
1 000多万人从一个国家迁移到另一个国家。
There was much fighting.
有很多战斗。
Gandhi worked tirelessly and achieved a number of temporary peace agreements.
甘地不懈地工作,达成了一些临时和平协定。
No one else was able to do this at the time.
当时没有其他人能够做到这一点。
Change Begins The arrests and treatment of Indians caused anger throughout the world.
更改开始 对印第安人的逮捕和待遇在全世界引起了愤怒.
In 1945, British and Indian leaders began to discuss the British leaving India.
1945年,英国和印度领导人开始讨论英国人离开印度的问题.
Throughout India’s history, Hindus and Muslims had often been in conflict.
印度历史上,印度教徒和穆斯林经常发生冲突。
Gandhi believed that the people of these two religions could live in peace in India.
甘地认为这两个宗教的人民可以在印度和平地生活.
The Muslim leaders wanted their own country.
穆斯林领导人想要自己的国家。
Fasting Fasting, or going without food, is a regular practice in many religions, including Hinduism.
斋戒(英語:Fasting fasting),或作去去去不吃,是包括印度教在内的许多宗教中的一种常有的做法.
Gandhi often fasted as part of religious practice.
甘地经常将斋戒作为宗教活动的一部分.
He also used fasting as a protest.
他还以斋戒为抗议.
In 1947, Gandhi fasted to protest the conflict in Calcutta, and it ended.
1947年,甘地斋戒以抗议加尔各答的冲突,并告一段落.
He fasted again in 1948 and convinced the people of Delhi to find peace.
1948年他再次斋戒并说服德里人民寻求和平.
Death and Legacy On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was on his way to a prayer meeting.
1948年1月30日,甘地在去参加祈祷会的路上.
About five hundred people had gathered to hear his prayers.
大约500人聚集在一起听他的祈祷。
A young Hindu man in the crowd didn’t approve of Gandhi’s work to make peace with Muslims.
一名印度教青年在人群中不赞成甘地与穆斯林和解的工作。
He shot Gandhi three times.
他枪杀了甘地三次.
Gandhi’s death saddened people everywhere.
甘地的死令各地人民痛心.
However, this small man, whom Indians called Mahatma, or “Great Soul,” continued to change the world.
然而,印度人称之为 " 马哈特马 " 或 " 大灵魂 " 的这个小人物继续改变世界。
He inspired such great leaders as Martin Luther King Jr.
他激励了小马丁·路德·金等伟大领袖.
inspire people for many years to come.
激励人们未来多年。