Color Blindness
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents What Colors Do You See?
内容表
4 Where Do Colors Come From?
4 颜色从哪里来?
5 How Color Vision Works.
5 彩色视野如何发挥作用。
6 Rods and Cones.
(原始内容存档于2019-10-12). 6 Rods and Cones.
7 Different Types of Color Blindness.
7 不同种类的彩盲.
8 Color Blindness Is No Joke.
8 彩色盲是没有笑话。
11 Testing for Color Blindness.
11 色盲测试.
12 Tools to Help Color-Blind People.
12 帮助有色人种的工具。
13 Treating Color Blindness.
13"治疗有色盲".
14 Color Vision for All?
14 彩色视野为所有人?
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 What Colors Do You See?
16 你看到了什么颜色?
Imagine looking at a box of crayons and seeing only shades of gray, blue, and yellow.
想象一下,看着一盒蜡笔,只看到灰色,蓝色和黄色的阴影.
That’s what they look like to many people who are color-blind.
许多人都是这样,
Most people who are color- blind can still see some colors.
大部分有色人种... 盲人仍然能看到一些颜色
They just can’t see as many colors as other people.
他们只是看不到像其他人一样多的颜色。
Choosing a red crayon is much easier for someone with full-color vision (top) than someone with red-green color blindness (bottom).
选择红蜡笔对有全色视觉(上部)的人比有红绿色盲(下部)的人容易得多.
Where Do Colors Come From?
颜色从哪里来?
White light has every color of the rainbow hidden inside it.
白光有彩虹所藏于其中的每一个颜色.
Each color is a different wavelength.
每种颜色都是不同的波长.
Things appear to be different colors because they absorb and reflect different wavelengths of light.
事物看起来颜色不同,因为它们能吸收并反映不同的光波长.
A strawberry looks red because it reflects red wavelengths while absorbing most others.
草莓外观为红色,因为它在吸收大部分其他花朵的同时会反映红色波长.
How Color Vision Works People see colors because our eyes respond differently to different wavelengths of light.
彩色视野如何工作 人们看到颜色是因为我们的眼睛对不同的波长光的反应不同.
When light enters one of your eyes, it gets focused on the retina.
当光进入你的一只眼睛时,它就会被聚焦在视网膜上.
The retina is a thin layer of tissue at the back of the eyeball.
视网膜是眼球后部的一层薄薄的组织.
The light triggers rod cells and cone cells.
光会触发棒细胞和锥细胞.
These cells send signals to the brain, which uses the signals to make images.
这些细胞向大脑发出信号,大脑利用信号来制作图像.
The cornea gathers and begins to focus light from the outside world.
角膜会聚集并开始从外界聚焦光线.
The iris opens or closes the pupil to allow more or less light into the eye.
虹膜会打开或关上瞳孔,以允许多或少光入眼.
The lens changes shape to finish focusing.
镜头会改变形状以完成聚焦.
The pupil is a hole in the center of the eye that allows light to pass through.
瞳孔是眼睛中央的一个孔,可以使光能通过.
How an Eye Sees Rods and cones lining the wall of the retina at the back of the eye register what is being seen.
眼球是如何看见罗德斯和圆锥 在眼球的后部 覆盖视网膜的墙壁
The optic nerve sends messages to the brain about what the eye is seeing.
视神经向大脑传递关于眼睛所看到的讯息.
Rods and Cones Rod cells are the most sensitive cells in your retina.
rods和Cones Rod细胞是您视网膜中最敏感的细胞.
They let you see in very low light.
他们让你看到非常低的光。
However, they can’t tell different colors apart.
不过,
Cone cells handle color vision.
锥细胞处理颜色视觉.
There are three types of cone cells.
锥细胞有三种.
One type absorbs blue light, one green light, and one red light.
一种会吸收蓝光,一绿光和一红光.
Combining these three main colors allows us to see thousands of colors.
结合这三种主要颜色,可以让我们看到上千种颜色.
When one or more types of cone cells aren’t working, though, color blindness results.
当一种或多种锥细胞失效时,
Color Vision in Animals Most animals can see fewer colors than humans.
动物中的色彩视觉 大多数动物可以看到比人类少的颜色.
For instance, dogs can only see shades of blue and yellow, and bulls are completely color-blind!
比如说,狗只能看到蓝黄相间的荫影,而公牛则完全是色盲!
Other animals—including some birds, bees, and butterflies—see more colors than humans do, including wavelengths of light that are invisible to humans.
其他动物——包括一些鸟类、蜜蜂和蝴蝶——比人类看到更多的颜色,包括人类看不见的光的波长。
Different Types of Color Blindness Red-Green Color Blindness People with red-green color blindness have trouble telling red and green apart.
不同种类的颜色盲红-绿色相色盲 有红-绿色相色盲的人很难分辨出红色和绿色相色相相色.
This is the most common type of color vision problem.
这是颜色视觉问题最常见的类型.
It affects about one out of every twelve men and one out of every two hundred women.
大约每十二名男子中就有一人受到影响,每二百名妇女中就有一人受到影响。
People with red-green color blindness usually have something wrong with their green cone cells.
有红绿相色盲的人通常对绿锥细胞有问题.
As a result, green and yellow objects appear reddish in color.
因此,绿色和黄色物体在颜色上出现红色.
Sometimes red-green color blindness is caused by a missing or damaged red cone cell.
有时会由缺失或被损坏的红锥细胞引起红绿色盲.
In this case, red, orange, and yellow objects appear green or black.
在这种情况下,红色,橙色和黄色的物体出现绿色或黑色.
Blue-Yellow Color Blindness Blue-yellow color blindness happens when blue cone cells are missing or not working properly.
蓝色-黄褐色相色盲 蓝色-黄褐色相色盲发生于蓝锥细胞缺失或工作不当时.
This type of color blindness is fairly rare.
这种颜色盲是相当罕见的.
It’s only found in about one out of every ten thousand people worldwide.
全球每一万人中,
Unlike red- green color blindness, it’s equally common in men and women.
与红-绿色失明不同,
Complete Color Blindness Complete color blindness is the most serious type of color blindness.
完全色盲 完全色盲是最严重的色盲类型.
It happens when a person has problems with two or three types of cone cells.
当一个人有两到三类锥细胞的问题时,就会发生.
People who are missing several types of cone cells tend to be very sensitive to light.
缺少几种锥细胞的人往往对光非常敏感.
They may also have difficulty seeing clearly, especially in bright light.
他们可能也难以清楚地看到,特别是在明亮的光芒下。
This is because they rely on rod cells for most or all of their vision.
这是因为他们大部分或全部的视力都依赖于棒细胞.
Rod cells only work in low light.
罗德细胞只在低光下工作.
About one in thirty thousand people worldwide are missing all three types of cone cells.
全世界大约三万分之一的人 都缺少三种锥细胞
People without any working cone cells only see shades of black, white, and gray.
没有工作锥细胞的人只看到黑白和灰色的阴影.
Complete color blindness (right) is very rare.
完全色盲(右)是非常罕见的.
Color Blindness Is No Joke Color blindness can cause serious problems.
色彩盲是没有笑话 色彩盲会导致严重的问题。
People who are color-blind have trouble reading maps.
色盲的人读地图有困难.
Color-blind children may have trouble in school.
色盲儿童在学校可能有麻烦.
Color blindness can also cause safety issues.
色彩盲也会引起安全问题.
Fire hydrants and emergency equipment are often colored red or yellow to make them more visible.
消防水合剂和应急设备常被涂上红色或黄色以使之更能见度.
Someone who is color-blind may not notice bright colors that stand out to those with full-color vision.
色盲的人可能不会注意到 明亮的颜色 与全色的视觉。
Color blindness can even limit a person’s career choices.
色盲甚至会限制一个人的职业选择。
Some jobs, such as airline pilot, require full-color vision.
一些工作,如航空飞行员,需要全色视野.
Others, such as photographer, are much more difficult without full-color vision.
其他的,如摄影师,没有全色视觉就困难得多了.
Some traffic lights use shapes as well as colors to convey information to color-blind drivers.
一些交通灯光使用外形和颜色来传递信息给色盲驾驶员.
Testing for Color Blindness Doctors use several types of tests to find out if a person has color blindness.
色盲医生的测试使用几种类型的测试来发现一个人是否有色盲.
One test uses images made up of dots that are different sizes and colors.
一个测试使用由大小和颜色不同的点组成的图像.
People with full-color vision can see numbers or shapes inside the pictures.
有全色视觉的人可以在图片内部看到数字或形状.
People with red-green color blindness have trouble spotting the hidden symbols.
有红绿色盲的人 很难发现隐藏的符号。
Can you see the hidden numbers or shapes in the circles in this color vision test?
你能在这个颜色视觉测试中看到圆圈中隐藏的数字或形状吗?
Tools to Help Color-Blind People So far, doctors can’t cure color blindness.
帮助彩色闪烁人物的工具 医生无法治愈肤色失明。
However, many new tools can help people deal with color blindness.
然而,许多新的工具可以帮助人们应对色盲.
Smartphone apps can do tasks such as identifying colors and picking colors that go together well.
Smartphone应用软件可以完成识别颜色和选取配合良好的颜色等任务.
These apps can help people choose matching clothes or tell which fruits are ripe at the grocery store.
这些应用可以帮助人们选择相配的衣服,或者告诉杂货店哪些水果已经熟了.
Researchers have also created high-tech sunglasses that filter out specific wavelengths of light.
研究人员还制造出高科技的太阳镜来过滤出特定的光波长.
The sunglasses make it possible for people with red-green color blindness to tell the two colors apart.
太阳镜使得有红绿相色盲的人能够分辨出两种相色.
These special glasses from En Chroma allow people with red-green color blindness to see a much more colorful world.
这些来自En Chroma的特殊眼镜让有红绿相色盲的人能看到一个更多彩的世界.
Treating Color Blindness Scientists recently corrected red-green color blindness in squirrel monkeys.
治疗色盲科学家最近纠正了松鼠猴的红-绿色盲.
The monkeys lacked red cone cells.
猴子缺乏红锥细胞.
As a result, they couldn’t tell the difference between red and green.
他们无法分辨出红绿的区别。
Researchers were able to insert the missing gene into cells in the monkeys’ eyes.
研究人员能够将缺失的基因插入猴子眼中的细胞.
Within about twenty weeks, the monkeys could tell the difference between red and green dots.
在大约20周内,猴子可以分辨出红点和绿点的区别.
These successful experiments in squirrel monkeys provide hope for a cure in humans.
这些在松鼠猴身上的成功实验为人类的治愈提供了希望.
A squirrel monkey takes a color vision test as part of an experiment.
松鼠猴采用颜色视觉测试作为实验的一部分.
Color Vision for All?
人人享有彩色视野?
Researchers gain a better understanding of color blindness all the time.
研究人员对色盲一直有更好的了解.
Every year, new tools are developed to make life easier for people who are color-blind.
每年都会开发出新的工具来为色盲人士提供生活便利.
Best of all, a treatment for color blindness may be available in the near future.
最好的是,不久的将来可能会提供一种色盲治疗。
Who knows?
谁知道呢?
Maybe someday soon, color blindness will be a thing of the past!
也许有一天,色盲会成为过去!
Glossary apps (n.)
词汇应用 (n.
computer programs or applications designed for mobile electronic devices such as cell phones (p.
为手机等移动电子设备设计的计算机程序或应用程序(p.
13) color-blind (adj.)
13) 色盲 (adj.
(n.)
(无)
(adj.)
(中文(简体) ).
(n.)
(无)