Migrant Hero
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Harvested by Hand.
(原始内容存档于2017-09-21) (中文(中国大陆) ). Retrieved of Course Construction by Hand.
4 A Migrant’s Life.
4 移徙者的生活。
5 The Birth of a Union.
5 工会的诞生。
9 The Grape Strike.
9"葡萄大罢工".
11 A Fond Farewell.
11 Fond再见。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Harvested by Hand You probably know that the fruits, nuts, and vegetables you eat were once crops that grew in fields.
16 手工收获 你可能知道 你吃的水果、坚果和蔬菜 曾经是田地上生长的作物
But did you ever stop to wonder how those crops are harvested?
但你有没有想过这些作物是怎样收获的?
Some are harvested by machines, but many—fruits in particular—are too delicate.
有些是用机器收获的,但许多水果,特别是水果,太微妙了。
Research shows that nearly half of all U.
研究显示几乎占了全部U的一半.
S.
师曰.
fruit is still harvested by hand.
果实仍由人工收割.
Most of those hands belong to migrant workers, who travel from farm to farm, picking fresh food so that we can eat it.
这些手大多属于从农场到农场的移徙工人,他们从农场到农场取取取新鲜食物,这样我们才能吃.
It’s hard work that can pay little, and migrant workers aren’t always treated well by the farmers who hire them.
农民往往不善待移徙工人。
One man spent his life trying to help migrant workers.
一个人一生都在努力帮助移徙工人。
His name was Cesar Chavez.
他叫塞萨尔·查韦斯
A Migrant’s Life Cesar Estrada Chavez was born to a Mexican-American family in 1927 near Yuma, Arizona.
移民生活 Cesar Estrada Chavez 1927年生于亚利桑那州尤马附近的一个墨西哥裔美国人家庭.
As a child, he lived on a small farm.
小时候他住在一个小农场.
Cesar loved life on the farm, but dishonest men cheated the Chavez family.
凯撒喜欢农场的生活,但不诚实的人欺骗了查韦斯家族.
In 1937 they lost their land.
1937年,他们失去了土地。
The family joined the many other poor families who traveled west during the Great Depression, looking for jobs as migrant farm workers.
该家族加入了大萧条期间西出行的许多其他贫困家庭,为移民农场工人找工作.
Life on the road was very different for the Chavez family from life on their farm in Arizona.
在路上的生活对查韦斯家族来说与他们在亚利桑那州的农场的生活大相径庭.
Many farmers in California wanted people to work for little pay.
加州许多农民希望人们以微薄的薪水来工作.
Then the farmers could keep more money from the food they sold.
这样农民就可以把更多的钱放在他们卖出的食物上.
As a result, life for migrant farm workers was often terrible.
因此,农民农场工人的生活往往很可怕。
Workers toiled in the hot sun for hours but sometimes had to pay for any water they drank in the fields.
工人在炎热的阳光下工作了好几个小时,但有时不得不支付他们在田地上所喝的水。
The workers spent much of the little money they made on temporary housing, usually run- down shacks that were hot in summer, cold in winter.
工人们把他们赚来的小钱花在了临时住房上,通常跑去 -- -- 夏天是热的,冬天是寒冷的棚屋.
The shacks often came with holes and insects but no bathrooms or any way to cook.
棚屋往往有孔和昆虫,但没有浴室或任何烹饪方式.
Sometimes instead of mattresses to sleep on, owners gave the workers straw.
有时业主不给床垫睡觉,而是给工人稻草.
Growers often provided migrants with poor housing.
种植者往往为移民提供恶劣的住房。
A migrant boy travels west during the Great Depression.
大萧条期间,一个移民男孩向西行走.
For several years, the Chavez family moved around California, finding work wherever they could.
几年来,查韦斯家族在加州一带迁徙,到处找工作.
By the time Cesar graduated from the eighth grade, he had gone to more than thirty schools.
到了塞萨尔从八年级毕业时,他已经去到30多所学校.
He was often teased because he didn’t have decent clothes or shoes and because he spoke English with a Spanish accent.
他经常被取笑,因为他没有像样的衣服或鞋子,而且他用西班牙语口音说英语。
Cesar and his siblings worked in the fields with their parents on weekends and during the summer.
Cesar和他的兄弟姐妹在周末和夏季与父母一起在田地工作.
It was hard work, yet migrant workers were often cheated out of their already-low wages.
这是一项艰苦的工作,但移徙工人往往被骗出他们已经很低的工资。
One time, Cesar’s whole family worked for seven weeks, seven days a week.
Cesar全家每周工作七个星期,
At the end of the harvest, they found that their boss had left without paying them, and there was nothing they could do.
收成后发现其上司不给钱就走了,无所作为.
Even though they harvested tons of fruit and vegetables, they barely earned enough to feed themselves, let alone enough to save and get ahead.
尽管他们收获了一吨水果和蔬菜,但收入却很少足以养活自己,更不要说足够储蓄和前进了.
The best hope for most migrants was— and is—the education of their children, but education for migrant children was hard to come by.
大多数移民的最大希望是 -- -- 并且现在是 -- -- 其子女的教育,但移徙儿童的教育很难实现。
Many migrant children grew up in the fields and started working as young as age eight.
许多移徙儿童在田地里长大并开始工作,年仅8岁。
Cesar himself left school after the eighth grade to work in the fields full time to help support his family.
Cesar本人于八年级后离开学校,全职到田地工作来帮助养活他的家人.
Without a good education, the children often kept doing migrant work when they grew up, and the cycle continued.
没有良好的教育,儿童在长大后往往会继续从事移徙工作,而且周期仍在继续。
Too Many Dropouts Instead of attending school, children like this one grew up working in the fields.
辍学人数太多 这种孩子不是上学,而是在田地里长大。
Even today, young migrant workers drop out of school at four times the national average.
即使在今天,青年移徙工人以全国平均水平的四倍辍学。
U.
吴.
S.
师曰.
child labor laws allow twelve-year- olds to work long hours on farms—and despite the law, thousands of children under twelve still work long hours, too.
童工法允许12岁儿童在农场长时间工作——尽管有法律,数千名12岁以下儿童仍然长时间工作。
The Birth of a Union When Chavez grew up, he decided to start a labor union for farm workers.
当Chavez长大后,他决定成立农场工人工会。
A labor union is a group of workers who unite to demand certain rights and benefits.
工会是一群工人联合起来要求某些权利和福利.
A union can go on strike, refusing to work and shutting down a factory or company until its demands are met.
工会可以罢工,拒绝工作,关闭工厂或公司,直到其要求得到满足。
Almost every industry, from truck drivers to movie actors, has a union to protect its workers.
几乎每个行业,从卡车司机到电影演员,都有一个工会来保护工人.
Chavez knew a union could make big improvements in the lives of farm workers, too.
Chavez知道工会也能大大改善农场工人的生活。
Yet many people considered organizing a labor union for farm workers to be impossible.
然而,许多人认为不可能为农场工人组织工会。
Farm workers moved around to follow the crops, never staying in one place long enough to plan action.
农场工人四处走去跟踪作物,从未在一个地方停留足够长的时间来规划行动.
They were often recent immigrants who did not speak English well.
他们往往是说英语不好的最近移民。
Also, farm workers had no laws protecting them from being fired if they tried to form a union.
此外,农场工人没有法律保护他们在试图组建工会时不被解雇。
Although other people before Chavez had tried and failed, he said, Si se puede—“Yes, it can be done.”
尽管Chavez之前的其他人尝试过和失败,他说,“是的,这是可以做到的。 “
Chavez met with farm workers in their homes and talked with them about their problems.
查韦斯在家中会见了农场工人并与他们讨论了他们的问题.
He was small and soft-spoken, but he was very persuasive.
他虽然小而柔和,但很有说服力.
His union grew slowly, one worker at a time.
他的工会发展缓慢,一次一个工人.
Chavez speaks to farm workers in California.
查韦斯与加利福尼亚州的农场工人交谈.
The Grape Strike In 1965, a group of Filipino farm workers went on strike against the grape growers in Delano, California.
葡萄罢工 1965年,一群菲律宾农场工人对加利福尼亚州德拉诺的葡萄种植者进行罢工.
They were asking for a pay raise from $.
他们要求从美元中加薪。
90 an hour to $1.
每小时90到1美元
40 an hour.
40个小时
Chavez knew he had to support the Filipino strikers.
Chavez知道他必须支持菲律宾罢工者.
His organization voted to join the strike.
他的组织投票决定参加罢工.
Soon, more than 2,000 migrants stopped working.
不久,2000多名移民就停止了工作.
Strikers and their families went to cities all across North America, telling people about the working conditions of the grape pickers and asking them to boycott grapes.
罢工者及其家人去北美各地的城市,向人们讲述了摘取葡萄者的工作条件,并要求他们抵制葡萄.
More than 14 million Americans did just that.
超过1400万美国人就是这样做的。
Angry grape growers made threats on Chavez’s life.
愤怒的葡萄种植者对查韦斯的生命构成威胁.
Support for the boycott continued, though, and after five long years, the grape growers agreed to the union’s demands.
支持抵制的呼声持续了五年,
Chavez marches to support the huelga, or strike.
查韦斯游行支持胡埃尔加人,或者罢工.
Hunger Strike Strategy One way people protest injustice is by going on a hunger strike.
反饥饿战略 人们抗议不公正的一种方式是进行绝食.
They refuse to eat in order to bring about change.
他们为了带来变化而拒绝吃东西.
Chavez went on three hunger strikes in his lifetime.
查韦斯一生三次绝食.
The first one was during the grape strike in 1968.
第一个是在1968年葡萄罢工期间.
At one point, some of the farm workers became discouraged and wanted to resort to violence.
有些农场工人一度感到沮丧并想诉诸暴力。
Chavez went on a water-only hunger strike that lasted twenty-five days.
查韦斯进行了一场仅限水量的绝食,持续了25天.
His fast put an end to the talk of violence, and that helped their strike succeed.
他的快活结束了暴力的说辞,这帮助他们的罢工成功.
Chavez with Robert F.
查韦斯与罗伯特·F.
Kennedy, presidential candidate and brother of U.
肯尼迪,总统候选人和U的弟弟.
S.
师曰.
President John F.
总统约翰·F.
Kennedy, in March 1968, on the final day of his first hunger strike.
肯尼迪,1968年3月,在他第一次绝食的最后一天.
Other strikes and boycotts followed, not just in California but also in Texas.
其他罢工和抵制也随之而来,不仅在加利福尼亚州,而且在德克萨斯州.
New unions formed in the Midwest.
中西部形成新会.
In 1975, California finally passed a law that protected farm workers from being fired when they tried to unite.
1975年,加利福尼亚州最终通过了一项法律,保护农场工人在试图联合时不被解雇.
Against all odds, Chavez’s efforts had succeeded.
查韦斯的努力取得了成功。
At its height, his organization, the United Farm Workers, included 50,000 farm workers.
在它的鼎盛时期,他的组织"联合农场工人"包括了50,000名农场工人.
“We shall be heard,” Chavez said, and they were.
查韦斯说,“我们将听到。”
Cesar Chavez (right) and Fred Ross (center) march in San Francisco as part of a boycott in 1982.
塞萨尔·查韦斯(右翼)和弗雷德·罗斯(中央)在旧金山游行,作为1982年抵制的一部分.
Ross often advised Chavez.
罗斯经常建议查韦斯.
Both men dedicated their lives to helping people in need.
两人毕生致力于帮助有需要的人.
Pesticide Problems Many migrant workers are exposed to pesticides— chemicals that kill bugs.
农药问题 许多移徙工人接触杀虫剂——杀虫的化学品。
In fact, workers are sometimes accidentally sprayed with them.
事实上,工人有时会不小心被喷上.
Pesticides can cause nausea, skin rashes, cancer, even death.
农药可引起恶心,皮肤皮疹,癌症,甚至死亡.
According to health experts, on average, migrant workers don’t live nearly as long as other people.
健康专家指出, 平均而言,
Studies show that pesticide exposure may be hardest on migrant children.
研究表明,对移徙儿童而言,接触农药可能最为困难。
In August 1988, Chavez went on a hunger strike to call attention to the harm that pesticides can cause farm workers and their children.
1988年8月,查韦斯进行绝食抗议,以引起人们注意农药会给农场工人及其子女带来的伤害.
He ended the strike after thirty- six days.
他在36天后结束了罢工.
A Fond Farewell Cesar Chavez died in his sleep on April 23, 1993.
1993年4月23日,一位Fond Geare Cesar Chavez在睡眠中去世.
He was 66 years old.
享年66岁.
Thousands of farm workers and supporters came to his funeral.
数千名农场工人和支持者来到他的葬礼.
It was the largest funeral for any labor leader in the history of the United States.
这是美国历史上任何劳动领袖最大的葬礼.
He was a humble and courageous man who spent his life helping others.
他是一个谦卑而勇敢的人,一生帮助他人.
For all his work to improve wages and working conditions for farm workers, Chavez himself never earned more than $6,000 per year.
为了改善农场工人的工资和工作条件,查韦斯本人的年收入从未超过6000美元.
Still, as he said, “The rich may have money, but the poor have time.”
然而,正如他所说的那样,“富人可能有钱,而穷人有时间。 “
His fight for the dignity of all people inspired millions of Americans to work for social justice around the world.
他为所有人尊严而战,激励了数百万美国人为世界各地的社会正义而努力.