Why We Sleep
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 What Is Sleep?
睡觉是什么?
5 The Need for ZZZs.
5 对ZZZ的需求。
8 Sleep Patterns.
8"睡眠规律".
11 Getting a Good Night’s Rest.
11 获得晚安休息。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Introduction It feels great to curl up between soft sheets and slowly drift off into a sound sleep.
导言 感觉很好 在软床单之间卷起 慢慢地飘去 进入一个声音睡眠。
Getting a good night’s sleep is important.
睡个好觉很重要。
We need sleep to function well.
我们需要睡眠才能正常运转。
Like food and water, sleep helps keep us healthy and ready to go.
像食物和水一样,睡眠帮助我们保持健康,并准备出发.
Wowser!
哗!
Did you know that people spend about a third of their lives asleep?
你知道人们 花了他们生命的三分之一 睡着了吗?
That means someone who is seventy- five years old has spent twenty-five years snoozing!
这意味着一个75岁的人 已经花了25年打呼噜!
What Is Sleep?
睡觉是什么?
Falling asleep happens naturally and at regular times.
入睡自然而常地发生.
It’s also easy to stop sleeping; a loud noise is often all that is needed to wake a sleeping person.
也很容易停止睡觉,
So what is sleep?
那睡觉是什么?
And what makes us fall asleep?
什么让我们睡着了?
An ancient Greek thinker believed that eating made people sleep.
一位古希腊思想家认为吃会使人们入睡.
That idea is not as strange as it sounds.
这个想法并不像听起来那么奇怪。
Most people are ready for a nap after enjoying a big meal.
大多数人在吃到一顿大餐后都准备睡觉了.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
The Greek thinker Aristotle believed that after people ate food, warm vapors went to their heads.
希腊思想家亚里士多德认为,人们吃下食物后,温暖的蒸汽会冲到他们的头上.
The vapors then cooled and went to their hearts, causing people to feel sleepy.
蒸汽随后冷却并进入心底,使人们感到困乏.
While this is not true, how sleepy you feel does depend on the kind of food that you eat.
虽然这不是真的,但你有多困取决于你吃的食物种类。
Some foods cause a sleepy feeling, while others, like chocolate, have caffeine.
有些食物会引起困觉,而另一些食物,如巧克力,则有咖啡因.
Those foods can make you perk up instead of wind down.
那些食物可以让你兴奋,而不是风吹倒
Aristotle Doctors learned more about sleep in modern times.
亚里士多德医生在现代更多地学习了睡眠.
They studied the brains of sleeping people.
他们研究了睡觉的人的大脑.
The studies showed that the brain does not really shut down during sleep—it just works differently.
研究显示,大脑在睡眠期间并没有真正关闭,只是工作方式不同。
This discovery led to more studies on sleeping brains.
这一发现导致了更多关于入睡大脑的研究.
A special machine is used to record brain waves.
一种特殊的机器用来记录脑波.
Doctors wanted to know just what causes changes in brain waves.
医生想知道脑波的改变是什么原因。
They learned that the body makes a special substance as it uses energy.
他们得知身体在使用能量时会制造出一种特殊的物质.
During the day, more and more of this substance travels to the brain.
在白天,越来越多的这种物质会前往大脑.
There, it slows down the parts of our bodies that are active when we are awake.
在那里,它减慢了我们身体中的活性部分 当我们醒了。
Certain machines can record the brain activity of sleeping people.
某些机器可以记录入睡者的大脑活性.
A sleeping person’s brain, mainly while dreaming, can be just as active as it is when that person is awake.
睡眠者的大脑,主要在做梦时,可以和清醒时一样活跃.
Tighter waves happen with more brain activity, and looser waves happen during relaxation.
更紧的波会随着更多的脑活性而发生,而松散的波会随着放松而发生.
Awake and Asleep Source: VEM / Science Source The Need for ZZZs If our brain doesn’t shut off while we sleep, what does it do?
资料来源:VEM/科学来源:ZZZs的需要。 如果我们的大脑没有在睡觉时关闭,
The answer: it helps us learn by storing memories.
答案是:它通过存储记忆来帮助我们学习.
The brain must organize new information we have learned.
大脑必须组织我们学到的新信息。
This happens while we sleep.
这发生在我们睡觉的时候。
It’s sort of like cleaning a closet.
就像清理衣柜一样。
The brain sets things up to make it easier for us to remember and use what we’ve learned.
大脑设置一些东西,让我们更容易记住和使用我们学到的东西。
Scientists study a man’s brain and body activity during sleep.
科学家在睡眠期间研究一个人的大脑和身体活性.
Sleeping helps our body as well as our brain.
睡眠对我们的身体和大脑都有帮助。
When we are awake, we use energy.
当我们醒了,我们使用能量。
Body cells get worn down.
身体细胞会磨损
When we sleep, new cells grow.
当我们睡觉时,新的细胞会长出.
Sleep helps keep the body from wearing down.
睡眠可以防止尸体被穿下
For this reason, sleep is important to athletes.
因此入睡对运动员很重要.
During training, they constantly break down cells.
在训练期间,他们不断分解出细胞.
They need enough rest to restore their body and make it stronger.
他们需要足够的休息来恢复身体并使其更坚固.
This is also the reason that new babies sleep so much.
这也是婴儿睡得这么多的原因.
Most babies double their birth weight in five months.
大多数婴儿的出生体重在5个月内翻了一番.
Babies can only grow if there is more building-up activity than breaking-down activity.
只有在建房活动比倒闭活动多的情况下,婴儿才能成长.
Athletes need sleep to build up body tissues and keep their energy up.
运动员需要睡眠来建立身体组织并保持能量.
Sleep also helps us fight sickness and heal wounds.
睡眠还帮助我们战胜疾病并治愈伤口。
It strengthens the body’s cells that fight germs.
它强化了身体与细菌抗争的细胞.
During sleep, the body uses energy to heal instead of using it to play or work.
在睡眠期间,身体会用能量来疗伤,而不是用能量来玩耍或工作.
That’s why doctors tell their sick patients to stay in bed and sleep.
所以医生要病人继续睡觉。
During sleep, special blood cells multiply to fight sickness.
在睡眠期间,特殊出血细胞会乘以对抗疾病.
Sleep Problems There are a number of different sleep problems.
睡眠问题 有一些不同的睡眠问题.
Here are three of the best-known ones.
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difficult to sleep.
很难入睡
to the ground, unable to move.
到地上,无法移动。
Sleepwalking is more common in teenagers than adults.
梦游在青少年中比成年人更常见.
Sleepwalkers move about with their eyes open while asleep.
梦游者在入睡时睁开眼睛走来走去
They walk, talk, or even do chores.
他们走路,说话,甚至做家务.
This usually lasts for less than ten minutes.
这通常持续不到10分钟.
While it is not harmful to wake a sleepwalker, it’s best to lead him or her back to bed.
虽然唤醒梦游者并不有害,
Sleep Patterns Not all sleep is the same.
睡眠模式 不是所有睡眠都一样。
Sleep goes through different stages.
睡眠经历不同的阶段.
Doctors studied how people move and breathe when sleeping.
医生研究了人们睡觉时的动作和呼吸方式.
They also looked at heart rates.
他们还研究了心率。
They found that these things change as people sleep.
他们发现这些东西随着人们入睡而改变.
Doctors learned that there are two types of sleep.
医生得知睡眠有两种类型.
One kind is rapid, or fast, eye movement (REM) sleep.
一种是快速地,或快地,眼动(REM)睡眠.
The other kind is non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep.
另一种是非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠.
NREM sleep has three different stages.
NREM睡眠有三个不同的阶段.
The first stage is short.
第一阶段很短。