The Steam Engine
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents An Invention That Changed the World 4 What Is Steam?
内容列表 An Invention that changed the World 4 What is Steam? 维基百科中的相关条目: 维基语录链接:名人名言 - 文学作品 - 谚语 - 谚语 - 谚语 - 谚语 - 谚语
5 The First Real Steam Engines.
5 第一台真蒸汽发动机.
6 Steam Engine Improvements.
6 蒸汽发动机改进。
7 High-Pressure Steam Engines.
7高压蒸汽发动机.
8 Steam-Powered Transportation.
8 蒸汽动力运输.
10 The Age of Steam Draws to a Close.
10 蒸汽时代 Draws to a Close.
13 Modern Uses of Steam.
13 现代使用蒸汽.
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 An Invention That Changed the World For thousands of years, people used their muscles for work.
16 《改变世界的发明》 几千年来 人们用肌肉工作
They also used animals to help them.
他们还利用动物来帮助他们.
In the 1700s, the invention of the steam engine changed everything.
1700年代,蒸汽机的发明改变了一切.
People began to make fewer goods by hand.
人们开始用手做更少的货物.
Instead, they used machines.
相反,他们使用机器。
Many of those machines were powered by steam.
许多这些机器都是由蒸汽驱动的。
It wasn’t long before steam tractors plowed fields that oxen teams once plowed.
蒸汽拖拉机开耕不久,
What Is Steam?
蒸汽是什么来着?
Have you ever watched someone boil water in a pot on the stove?
你见过有人在炉子上煮水吗?
Sometimes you can see a little cloud above the pot.
有时能从锅上看到一朵小云.
That’s steam.
这是蒸汽。
It can only be seen when it hits cooler air.
只有在进入更冷的空气时才能看到.
Steam is a gas.
蒸气为一气.
People make steam do work by boiling water.
人们用沸水来制造蒸汽
They heat up the water in a gigantic pot called a boiler.
他们把水加热在一个叫锅炉的大锅里
They make the boiler hot by burning fuel, such as coal.
它们通过燃烧燃料,例如煤来使锅炉发热.
Burning coal becomes hotter than the top of a stove—a lot hotter!
燃烧的煤比起炉子上层更热,
The heat boils the water and makes steam.
热能煮取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取出取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取出取取取取取取取取取取取取出取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取取出.
Steam takes up more room than liquid water.
蒸汽占据了比液态水更多的空间.
As the steam expands, it pushes the moveable parts of a machine.
随着蒸汽的膨胀,它推动了机器可移动的部分.
The movement of those parts creates power.
这些部件的移动创造了力量。
The First Real Steam Engines Almost 300 years ago, in 1712, Thomas Newcomen built a steam engine.
近300年前的"第一真正的蒸汽发动机"(The First Real Steam Engines)于1712年由托马斯·纽科门制造出蒸汽机.
Others had built steam engines, but Newcomen’s was the first to work really well.
但Newcomen的蒸汽机最先运作良好。
He used his steam engine to run a water pump, which pumped water out of coal mines.
他用他的蒸汽机运行了水泵,从煤矿中抽出水来.
Miners could then reach more coal.
矿工可以到达更多的煤炭。
The engine had one problem.
引擎有一个问题。
It needed a large amount of coal to do a small amount of work.
它需要大量的煤炭来做少量的工作.
Coal mines such as this one stayed dry thanks to Newcomen’s steam engine.
由于Newcomen的蒸汽机,
Steam Engine Improvements In the 1760s, Scotsman James Watt improved Newcomen’s engine.
蒸汽引擎改进 1760年代,苏格兰人詹姆斯·瓦特(James Watt)改进了纽科门的发动机.
He made the machine work with less coal.
他让机器用更少的煤
Watt also made other kinds of steam engines.
瓦特还制造了其他种类的蒸汽机.
He made one called the rotary (circular) steam engine.
他制造了一台叫旋转(圆形)蒸汽机.
It could run all kinds of machines.
它可以运行各种机器。
This invention was one event that led to the Industrial Revolution, also known as the Age of Steam.
这一发明是导致工业革命的一个事件,也被称为"蒸汽时代".
The Age of Steam brought new ways to do work and new ways for people and goods to travel.
"蒸汽时代"带来了新的工作方式和新的人和货物出行方式.
High-Pressure Steam Engines At the beginning of the Age of Steam, Watt’s steam engines used low-pressure steam.
高压蒸汽引擎 在蒸汽时代初,瓦特的蒸汽机采用了低气压蒸汽.
His steam engines were big, and they operated, or worked, slowly.
他的蒸汽机很大,它们运行,或工作缓慢.
Watt knew he could make smaller and faster steam engines.
瓦特知道他能制造出更小更快的蒸汽机.
But he would have to use higher-pressure steam.
但他必须使用高压蒸汽.
He was against that idea.
他反对这个想法。
Higher pressure could cause a boiler to explode.
高压可能导致锅炉爆炸.
An explosion could injure or kill people.
爆炸可能伤害或杀死人。
In 1788 Watt’s steam engine used steam power to turn wheels to help with work.
1788年瓦特的蒸汽机车利用蒸汽动力转轮来帮助工作.
These machines all used steam for power at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution.
这些机器在工业革命初期都用蒸汽发电.
Many inventors saw the danger of high- pressure steam.
许多发明家都看到了高压蒸汽的危险.
They built high-pressure steam engines anyway.
他们建造了高压蒸汽机
They thought that smaller engines could be used to do more things.
他们认为更小的发动机可以用来做更多的事.
In the early 1800s, Richard Trevithick (trev-ITH-ik) built a high-pressure steam engine in England.
1800年代初,理查德·特雷维蒂克(英语:Richard Trev-ITH-ik)在英国建造了高压蒸汽机.
High-pressure steam engines soon became common.
高压蒸汽机很快就变得很常见.
They could be used to power trains.
可以用来为列车提供动力.
Steam-Powered Transportation Trevithick built one of the first steam locomotives, or trains, in 1804.
蒸汽动力运输 特列维西克于1804年建造了首批蒸汽机车之一,即列车.
It hauled coal at a factory.
它在工厂里运煤
Other people also built train engines.
其他人也建造了火车发动机.
Soon these engines were pulling long lines of cars with passengers or goods.
很快这些引擎就牵出长行的有乘客或货物的汽车.
Steam engines helped railroads spread across the world.
蒸汽发动机帮助了铁路遍布全球.
The first steam engine trains looked more like horse-drawn buggies than the steam trains seen today.
最早的蒸汽机车列车看起来比今天看到的蒸汽机车更像"活生生地".
By 1869 steam-powered trains traveled from the East Coast of the United States to the West along the Transcontinental Railroad.
至1869年由蒸汽动力的列车从美国东海岸沿着横贯大陆的铁路向西行驶.
In the early 1800s, ships also began to use steam.
1800年代初,船只也开始使用蒸汽.
Some sailed on the oceans.
有的在海上航行过.
New Yorker Robert Fulton built the first moneymaking river steamboat in 1807.
纽约客罗伯特·富尔顿(英语:Robert Fulton)于1807年建造了第一艘造钱河蒸汽船.
By the mid-1800s, beautiful steamboats traveled up and down American rivers.
到1800年代中期,美丽的蒸汽船上下游出美国河流.
River steamboats presented the danger that James Watt had warned about.
河上蒸汽船呈现出詹姆斯·瓦特所警告的危险.
Steam explosions sometimes happened with locomotives, but they were common with steamboats.
蒸汽爆炸有时会用机车发生,但常见于蒸汽船.
Many people were injured or killed in steamboat accidents.
许多人在蒸汽船事故中受伤或丧生.
One of the worst disasters in American history took place on April 27, 1865.
美国历史上最严重的灾害之一发生在1865年4月27日.
The boiler on the crowded steamboat Sultana exploded.
拥挤的"苏达纳"号蒸汽船上的锅炉起爆.
The ship burned.
船被烧了
More than 1,700 people died.
1700多人死亡.
River steamboats race on the Mississippi River in 1866.
1866年河道蒸汽船在密西西比河上进行比赛.
Steamboats traveled up and down the Mississippi River carrying goods and people from Minnesota to Louisiana.
蒸汽船上下行密西西比河上下行驶,运送货物和人员从明尼苏达到路易斯安那.
The Age of Steam Draws to a Close By the early 1900s, people had found ways to replace steam power.
蒸汽时代绘制为关闭 到1900年代初,人们已经找到了替代蒸汽动力的方法.
In factories, electricity now ran most machines.
在工厂,电现在运行 大部分的机器。
Electric engines did not produce steam or smoke.
电动发动机没有产生蒸汽或烟雾。
Electric engines made subways and streetcars easy for everyday use.
电动发动机使地铁和街车易于日常使用.
It became easier to travel around a city.
在城市周围旅行变得比较容易.
The diesel engine also doomed the steam engine.
柴油机也毁了蒸汽机.
It ran better and could go farther faster.
跑得更好,跑得更快
Steam locomotives ran in the United States until the 1960s.
蒸汽机车在美国运行至1960年代.
By then, almost all locomotives had diesel engines.
至此,几乎所有机车都有柴油机.
Modern Uses of Steam Although the Age of Steam is long over, steam is still important.
蒸汽的现代用途 虽然蒸汽时代已经很长一段时间了,但蒸汽仍然很重要.
For instance, power plants use it to produce electricity.
例如,发电厂利用它发电。
It powers your lights and your television.
它能给你的灯和电视带来动力
Modern diesel locomotive How Much Coal per Family Power plants burn thousands of pounds of coal every year to provide power for just one U.
现代柴油机车每家电厂燃煤量多(How Much Coal per Family Power powers)每年燃烧上千磅煤,仅提供一U的动力.
S.
师曰.
household.
户口。
Some people believe there is still a need for steam power.
有些人认为仍然需要蒸汽动力.
Steam power, they say, costs less than diesel fuel for trains.
他们说,蒸汽动力的成本低于火车的柴油。
Steam power can also be generated using solar panels, which do not use fossil fuels like coal to make electricity.
蒸汽能也可以使用太阳能板来产生,太阳能板不使用煤炭等化石燃料来发电.
That makes steam power better for the environment than it is now.
这使得蒸汽动力对环境比现在更好.
Steam power is useful and will probably have a place in the modern world.
蒸汽能很有用,可能在现代世界占有一席之地.
Glossary boiler (n.)
词汇锅炉 (n.
a large tank used to store heated water (p.
一个用于储存加热水的大型水箱(p.
5) diesel (adj.)
5) 柴油 (adj.
relating to a heavy petroleum product used as fuel in large vehicles such as trucks and buses (p.
与卡车和客车等大型车辆用作燃料的重石油产品有关(p.
13) expands (v.)
13) 扩充(五.
becomes larger in size, amount, or volume (p.
在大小、数量或体积上变大(p.
5) explode (v.)
5) 爆炸(五.
to blow up or burst with a sudden release of energy (p.
以突然释放出能量而爆炸或爆发(p.
8) invention (n.)
8) 发明 (n.
a new device or process (p.
新设备或进程(p.
4) locomotives (n.)
4) 机车 (n.
vehicles that act as large engines to pull or push railroad cars along tracks (p.
起大型发动机作用的车辆,可以沿轨道拉动或推倒铁路车厢(p.
10) power (n.)
10) 电源 (n.
energy that can be used to do work (p.
可用于工作(p.
5) pressure (n.)
5)压力 (n.
physical force placed on an object (p.
对物体施加的物理力(p.
8) steam engine (n.)
8)蒸汽机车 (n.
a type of machine with moving parts that uses steam power to create motion (p.
一种带有能用蒸汽能产生运动的能动部件的机器(p.
4) A man walks across a field of solar panels that use the Sun’s energy to produce heat and make steam.
4)一个人走过一行用太阳能量来产生热能和蒸汽的太阳能板.