Musical Instruments
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Introduction Music has probably been important since the first humans lived on Earth.
自第一批人类生活在地球上以来,音乐可能一直很重要。
They made musical instruments from everyday objects.
他们用日常物品制作乐器.
Music might have been discovered unintentionally when musical tones were created by accidentally hitting a tree trunk or a rock.
音乐可能是在意外地撞到树干或岩石而产生出音乐声时无意中被发现的.
Or the wind might have created music when it blew through a shell, a reed, or a piece of bamboo.
或风吹出外壳,芦苇,或取出竹子后,可能就创造了音乐.
Music is still important to us today.
今天音乐对我们来说仍然很重要。
We can make music with our voices or with instruments.
我们可以用我们的声音或乐器来制作音乐.
We can also dance to it or just listen to it.
我们还可以跳起舞来,或者只是听它。
Music brings pleasure and joy to life.
音乐给生活带来快活和快乐.
Gentle, quiet music soothes us.
温柔,安静的音乐安慰了我们。
Loud music excites us and gives us energy.
大声的音乐让我们兴奋 给我们能量
We can create or find music to express all of our moods.
我们可以创作或找到音乐来表达我们所有的心情.
Instruments Just as there are many types of music, there are also many types of instruments.
乐器就像有多种类型的音乐一样,也有多种类型的乐器.
Each instrument has its own special personality.
每种乐器都有自己独特的个性.
Each one creates its own kind of sound and mood.
每一个都会产生自己的声音和心情。
The sounds can be soft, loud, gentle, harsh, wild, or soothing.
声音可以是柔和的,响亮的,温和的,严酷的,野生的,或者舒缓的.
The type of sound made by a musical instrument depends on its shape, design, and size.
由乐器所制作的声音类型取决于其形状,设计和大小.
The sound also depends on the materials from which the instrument is made and the way it is played.
声音还取决于乐器的制作材料和演奏方式.
It is truly amazing how many types of musical instruments there are in the world.
世界上有多少类型的乐器确实令人惊奇。
Each one can bring pleasure to both the player and the listener.
每个都能够给玩家和听众带来快活.
Orchestras One place where many musical instruments are found is an orchestra.
管弦乐团 许多乐器出现的地方是管弦乐队.
This is a group of musicians who play together on certain musical instruments.
这是一群音乐家,他们一起演奏 某些乐器。
Most big cities, and many smaller cities, have an orchestra.
大多数大城市,以及许多更小的城市都有管弦乐团.
Orchestras usually play what is called classical music.
管弦乐通常演奏所谓的古典音乐.
The biggest part of an orchestra is the string section.
一个管弦乐团最大的部分是弦乐部分.
This includes a family of stringed instruments that are played with a bow.
这包括用弓来演奏的弦乐器的家族.
These instruments all create a similar kind of sound, even though some are smaller with a higher sound and some are bigger with a deeper sound.
这些乐器都产生出类似的声音,尽管有些音量较小而音量较高,而有些音量较大而音量更深.
The string section includes violins, violas, cellos, and double basses.
弦乐部分包括小提琴,violas,大提琴和双低音.
The string section of a large orchestra can contain over seventy musicians.
一个大型管弦乐团的弦乐部分可以包含超过70名音乐家.
Another stringed instrument in an orchestra is plucked instead of bowed.
管弦乐团的另一支弦乐器被取出而不是被弓取出.
It is the harp.
这是竖琴。
It is a quieter instrument than many other orchestra instruments.
它比许多其他管弦乐器更安静。
The harp is usually played while fewer other instruments are playing so that it can be heard.
竖琴通常是在较少其他乐器演奏时演奏,以便能被听到.
Sometimes the harp is played solo, or alone.
有时竖琴被单独演奏,或者单独演奏.
Another important group of instruments used by an orchestra is the woodwind family.
一个管弦乐队使用的又一重要乐器群是木风家族.
The woodwinds include flutes, oboes, clarinets, and bassoons.
木风包括长笛,双簧管,单簧管和低音管.
The woodwinds have other family members that may be part of an orchestra, too.
木管风琴还有其他家庭成员 也可能是管弦乐团的一部分
The flute has a smaller cousin, called a piccolo.
笛子有一个较小的表亲,被称作"比克洛".
The other woodwinds have bigger cousins called the English horn, bass clarinet, and double bassoon.
其他木风有更大型的堂弟叫"英国角","低音单簧管"和"双低音".
Woodwind instruments are played by blowing air into them.
木风乐器通过向它们吹出空气来演奏.
They have many holes that make different musical notes when the holes are covered or uncovered.
它们有许多孔,当孔被覆盖或被揭开时,会制作出不同的音乐音符.
Sometimes the holes are covered by the player’s fingers.
有时孔被玩家手指所覆盖.
Sometimes the player holds down keys that cover the holes.
有时玩家会按住盖入洞的密钥.
Another section of the orchestra is the brass section.
管弦乐团的另一部分是管弦乐团.
This includes trumpets, horns, trombones, and tubas.
其中包括小号、号角、长号、大管等。
These are among the most powerful instruments in an orchestra.
这些是管弦乐团中最强大的乐器之一。
Brass instruments, like woodwinds, are played by blowing into them.
布拉斯乐器,同木风一样,由吹入来演奏.
Trumpets, horns, and tubas have valves that a player pushes to change notes.
特朗普特斯,角和管管有阀门,玩家会推来换音符.
Trombones have a U-shaped metal tube and slide.
特隆博恩斯有U形金属管和滑行.
The player moves the slide to change notes.
玩家移动幻灯片来更改音符.
Percussion instruments are another important part of an orchestra.
打击乐器是管弦乐团的另一个重要部分.
These instruments are all struck, or hit, in one way or another.
这些乐器都以某种方式被击中或被击中。
They are made of skin, metal, or wood.
它们由皮肤、金属或木材所制成。
Some percussion instruments, such as a xylophone, create musical notes.
一些打击乐器,如xylophone,会创作出音乐笔记.
Others, such as castanets and most drums, create sound with no musical notes.
其他如Castanets和大多数鼓等,创作出没有音乐笔记的声音.
Percussion adds bangs and splashes to the sound of an orchestra.
震荡在管弦乐团的声音中增加了出响和出响.
Keyboard instruments include the piano and organ.
键盘乐器包括钢琴和管风琴.
These instruments have closed cases that hide the inside of the instrument.
这些文书已结案,掩盖了文书的内涵。
Pianos have strings that vibrate.
钢琴有弦能震动.
Organs create sound by the use of wind.
器官利用风能产生出声音.
These instruments all have many keys that can create many more notes than most other instruments.
这些文书都有许多键可以创造出比大多数其他文书更多的音符.
Bands Bands are another kind of musical group that have their own kinds of instruments.
带 乐队是另一种音乐团体,拥有自己种类的乐器.
Marching bands use brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments, but no strings.
出行乐队使用青铜,木风,和打击乐器,但没有弦.
There are many other kinds of bands as well.
还有许多其他种类的乐队.
They often include one or more guitars, another stringed instrument.
它们经常包括一或多把吉他,另一把弦乐器.
Guitars are the foundation of many bands in the same way that the violin family is the foundation of an orchestra.
吉他是许多乐队的基础,与小提琴家族是管弦乐队的基础一样.
Guitars played in bands are often made louder by the use of amplifiers.
乐队所演奏的吉他常被使用放大器而更响.
A rock band can include electric guitars, bass guitars, drums, and an electronic keyboard, along with other instruments.
摇滚乐团可以包括电吉他,低音吉他,鼓,电子键盘等乐器.
A jazz band can have many of the same instruments as a rock band.
一个爵士乐团可以拥有许多与摇滚乐团相同的乐器.
It can also have woodwinds and brass instruments.
它也可以有木风和铜器.
Latin bands often have extra percussion such as the marimba, an instrument related to a xylophone.
拉丁语乐队经常会有外震,如"马林巴"(marimba),一种与xylophone相關的乐器.
Bluegrass and country music bands may have guitars, banjos, mandolins, and autoharps.
蓝草和乡村音乐乐队可能拥有吉他,班卓琴,曼道林和自发乐.
They may also have various percussion instruments such as spoons, washboards, and bucket basses.
它们也可能有各种打击乐器,如勺子,洗板和桶贝斯等.
These bands also have fiddles, which are violins played in a very different style than they are in an orchestra.
这些乐队也有小提琴,是小提琴演奏风格与管弦乐演奏风格大相径庭.
Instruments Around the World Cultures around the world have instruments that are very different from the ones described so far in this book.
环绕世界各地世界文化的仪器有与本书所描述的相去甚远的仪器.
But most instruments, no matter where they are found, are played in one of four ways—by blowing, scraping, plucking, or hammering.
但大多数乐器,无论在哪里找到,都是用四种方式之一演奏的——吹、刮、取或敲。
Some examples of each type of instrument are shown on the following pages.
每类文书的一些例子见以下各页。
Blown instruments, including the woodwinds, all force air down a tube.
吹出乐器,包括木风, 全部力气从一管下.
Look at these photographs of blown instruments from around the world.
看看这些来自世界各地的被吹出乐器的照片.
Scraped instruments include the violin family.
被打碎的乐器包括小提琴家族.
They often use a bow that creates sound when scraped over strings.
他们经常会用一把弓来在刮过弦后产生出声音.
But many scraped instruments create music in other ways.
但是许多被刮去的乐器在其他方面创造了音乐.
These are two unusual scraped instruments.
这些都是不寻常的被刮去的仪器。
Plucked instruments have strings that can be plucked using fingers or a variety of other objects.
Plucked乐器有可以用手指或各种其他物体来拔取的字符串.
Here are some plucked instruments from around the world.
这里有一些来自世界各地的取出的工具。
Hammered instruments include drums and other percussion instruments.
锤子乐器包括鼓等打击乐器.
They create music by hitting one object with another.
它们通过打出一个物体和另一个物体来创造出音乐.
Cultures around the world have many kinds of hammered instruments.
世界各地的文化都拥有多种锤子乐器.
Here are a few of them.
这里有几个
In many ways, the human voice can be considered a musical instrument.
在许多方面,人的声音可以被认为是一种乐器.
It is perhaps the most flexible musical instrument of all.
它也许是最灵活的乐器。
It can create and sing songs with words, tunes without words, and a wide variety of rhythms and sounds.
它能用词来创作并演唱歌曲,无词的调子,以及各种各样的节奏和声音.
It doesn’t cost anything since no extra equipment is needed.
因为不需要额外设备,
If you are in a place where you need to be quiet, you can still hum or sing silently to yourself.
如果你处在一个需要安静的地方,你仍然可以哼哼或默唱给自己听.
Music brings great joy to life.
音乐给生活带来巨大的快乐.
It helps us to express ourselves, and it fills our world with beauty.
它帮助我们表达自己,它使我们的世界充满了美丽.
Whether you sing, dance, play an instrument, or sit and listen to music, be sure to make it a part of your life.
无论是唱歌,跳舞,演奏乐器,还是坐着听音乐,都一定要让它成为你生活的一部分.