History to Chew On
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Chew on This.
关于这个的目录 Chew.
4 The First Chewers.
4"先哲会".
5 Gum Machines.
五口胶机.
7 Gum Control.
7胶控.
9 Different Types of Gum.
9 各种口香糖。
10 Getting Rich by Making Gum.
10通过制作口香糖获得财富.
11 How to Make Chewing Gum.
11"如何让"切入口".
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Chew on This Dogs can chew bones.
这只狗身上有16个嚼子能嚼出骨头
Cows can chew cud.
牛能嚼出肉来.
But what can people chew?
但人们能嚼什么?
People can chew gum.
人们可以嚼口香糖。
Have you ever wondered where gum comes from, how it’s made, and who first started chewing it?
你是否曾想过口香糖来自何处,
The First Chewers Some people think the first people to chew gum were Americans, but that isn’t true.
首发车手 有些人认为最早嚼口香糖的人是美国人,
Many years before Europeans discovered North America, people from different countries chewed all sorts of gummy stuff that came from plants.
在欧洲人发现北美之前的很多年里,来自不同国家的人咀嚼出出自于植物的各种口味.
People from Greece chewed mastiche.
来自希腊的人咀嚼了塑胶.
Native peoples from South America chewed chicle.
南美洲的原住民吃起辣椒来
In India, betel was popular.
在印度,贝特尔很受欢迎.
Native peoples from North America liked a sticky “goo” made from the sap of spruce trees.
来自北美的土著人民喜欢用生芽树苗做成的粘糊糊的“木瓜”。
Some Europeans who settled in North America found out about the goo, tried it, and liked it.
一些定居于北美的欧洲人发现了这起古事,尝试过,并喜欢.
You, however, may not have liked the spruce gum.
不过你可能不喜欢这口香糖
It had very little taste.
它的口味很少。
It wasn’t until 1850 that John Curtis added flavor to “spruce up” the spruce sap.
直到1850年,约翰·柯蒂斯才在"生芽"中添加了口味.
He named it Maine Pure Spruce Gum and sold it to other North American settlers.
他将它取名"缅因纯斯普鲁斯口"并出售给其他北美定居者.
Chewing betel nuts and leaves stains the teeth.
嚼贝特尔坚果并留下了牙齿的污点.
Spruce sap drips from a cut in a spruce tree.
斯普鲁斯从一棵树上被切出
Gum Machines By 1871, chewing gum became so popular that Thomas Adams, a New York gum inventor and salesperson, invented a gum-making machine.
口胶机 到1871年,嚼口香糖变得非常受欢迎,以至于纽约口香糖发明人和推销人托马斯·亚当斯发明了口香糖制作机.
Shortly thereafter, more machines were invented.
此后不久,更多的机器被发明出.
Some of the machines released gum in the shape of balls when a coin was put into a slot.
一些机器在硬币被放入插槽时会以球状出出口香糖.
Others released gum in little sticks.
其他人用小棍子放出口香糖。
Some of the gumball machines had a glass globe that made the gumballs look bigger than they really were.
有些口香糖的机器有一个玻璃球,使口香糖看起来比真正的大.
What the inventors didn’t expect was for the kids to learn how to stick their fingers into the machine to pluck a free gumball.
发明家们并不期望孩子们学会如何用手指插入机器取出免费口香糖丸。
It took Thomas Adams to figure out how to correct that mistake.
托马斯·亚当斯(英语:Thomas Adams)想出如何纠正这个错误.
He installed the first vending machines in New York subways in 1888.
他于1888年在纽约地铁安装了第一台自动售票机.
Do You Know?
你知道吗?
Thomas Adams was also the first to create Tutti-Frutti gum, selling it in New York City subway stations in 1888.
托马斯·亚当斯也率先创作了图蒂-弗鲁蒂口香糖,于1888年在纽约市地铁站发售.
This modern gumball machine looks like early 1900s machines did.
这台现代口香糖弹机看起来像1900年代初的机器
Gum Control One of the biggest problems with chewing gum continues to be the way people discard it.
胶质控制 嚼口香糖的最大问题之一 仍然是人们抛弃口香糖的方式。
Many spit it out onto sidewalks or stick it underneath their desks or chairs, or somewhere worse.
许多人把它吐到人行道上,或者把它粘在桌子或椅子下方,或者更糟的地方。
It can make a nasty mess.
它会弄得一团糟
In fact, in the early 1900s, the New York Central Railroad had to hire a full-time gum removal employee.
事实上,在1900年代初期,纽约中央铁路只好聘请全职的口香糖去除员工.
Each night the employee would collect seven to eight pounds of gum that people stuck to places in New York Central Station.
每天晚上 员工都会收集7到8磅口香糖 人们被困在纽约中央车站
Since 1960, people have been putting their chewed gum on an old brick building in San Luis Obispo, California.
自1960年起,人们开始将咀嚼口香糖放入加利福尼亚州圣路易斯奥比斯波的一栋老砖木建筑.
The place is called Gum Alley.
这个地方叫"口香糖"
It has become a very tacky wall.
它变成了一堵很俗的墙。
Different Types of Gum What is your favorite type of chewing gum?
不同类型的胶类 你最喜欢吃什么口香糖?
There are many different types to choose from.
有许多不同的类型可供选择.
The most well-known are a small stick or a wad.
最出名的是小棍子或瓦德.
In the 1930s and ’40s, the most popular flavors were Juicy Fruit, Spearmint, Doublemint, Double Bubble, Black Jack, Beeman’s Pepsin, and Dentyne.
在20世纪30年代和40年代,最受欢迎的口味有:果汁,斯皮尔明特,双明特,"双泡","黑色杰克","比曼的百事通"和"登特恩".
Now there are all sorts of different flavors—some sugar-free, some hot and spicy, some even good for your teeth and breath.
现在有各种各样的口味,有些是无糖的,有些是热辣的,有些甚至有利于你的牙齿和呼吸.
Getting Rich by Making Gum William Wrigley Jr.
(原始内容存档于2018-10-21) (英语). Gen Rich by Making Gum William Wrigley Jr.
added different flavors to his gum, making it taste better.
在他的口香糖上添加了不同的口味,使其味道更好.
His first flavors were called Lotta Gum and Vassar, and in order to get people to taste it, he sent a piece of it to one and a half million people—everyone listed in the United States phone books in 1892.
他最早的口味被叫作"Lotta Gum"和"Vassar",为了让人们尝到口味,他把其中一出送给了150万人——1892年在美国电话簿上列出的每一个人.
People loved it and started buying it.
人们喜欢它,并开始购买它。
He became so rich from gum sales, he was able to buy a professional baseball team, the Chicago Cubs.
他从口香糖销售中变得如此富有,他能够买到一支职业棒球队"芝加哥小熊".
He also built a stadium for them, Wrigley Field.
他还为他们建造了一座体育场,Wrigley Field.
Then, he bought an island off the coast of Southern California, Catalina Island, where he could relax and enjoy himself.
之后,他购买了南加州外海的一个岛屿,即卡塔琳娜岛,在那里他可以放松和享受.
The Wrigley Building in downtown Chicago was named after the Wrigley family.
芝加哥市中心的瑞格利大楼以瑞格利家族命名.
How to Make Chewing Gum Would you like to make your own chewing gum?
如何做嚼口香糖 你想自己做口香糖吗?
It may not be so easy.
可能没那么容易
The first ingredient is a “gum base” which is usually made of latex, chicle, beeswax, or paraffin wax.
第一种成分是“胶底”,通常由乳胶、 chi、蜂蜡或石蜡制成。
Melt the gum base until it is like a thick maple syrup.
将口香糖底熔化,直到它像浓厚的枫糖浆.
Then pour it through a fine mesh screen and into a mixing vat.
然后把它倒入一个精细的网状屏幕和混合花瓶。
Next, add the flavoring and coloring.
接下来,添加口味和颜色.
Then, put the mixture on a cooling belt.
然后,将混合物放入冷却带.
When it is cool and set, roll it out, cut it into pieces, and put it aside for 24 hours before packing it.
冷却后放出后,将取出后将取出,切成片,放入后再放出24小时再包装.
Got it?
明白吗?
It might be easier for you to buy your own gum than to make it yourself.
你买口香糖比自己做容易
Glossary cud food digested once, thrown up, and chewed again by a cow (p.
词汇cud 食物消化一次,被扔出,再被一头牛咀嚼(p.
4) discard to get rid of, throw away, or reject (p.
4) 弃去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去去(p.
9) latex the sap of certain plants that becomes a solid upon reaching the air (p.
9) 在到达空气后会变成固体的某些植物的ap(p.
13) mesh made of threads or wires loosely woven together (p.
13)由线条或线条松散地编织而成的网状(p.
14) paraffin a combination of water and carbon wax that creates a solid (p.
14) 石蜡是水和碳蜡的结合物,能产生固体(p.
13) sap the fluid that carries food throughout a plant (p.
13)将携带食物通向一植物的液体(p.
6) tacky sticky or lacking in style (p.
6) 俗气粘稠或缺乏风格(p.
9) vat a large container used to store liquids (p.
9）大桶：用于储存液体的大型容器。
14) wad a small mass of soft material (p.
14）一小团软材料。
10) Do You Know?
10)你知道吗?
Because discarded chewed gum can be such a nuisance, the island nation of Singapore outlawed gum in 1992.
由于被丢弃的口香糖会很麻烦,新加坡岛国于1992年宣布口香糖为非法.
Conclusion So the next time you are chewing a stick of gum or waiting for a gumball to drop from a machine, think about where it came from, how it’s made, and how long people have been enjoying it—oh, and be sure to discard it properly, in the garbage (or on Gum Alley).
结论 所以下次你嚼口香糖或等待口香糖丸从机器上倒下, 想想它来自何处、如何制作,