Dinosaurs
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents The World of Dinosaurs.
内容列表 恐龙世界.
4 Meet the Dinosaurs.
4个 见恐龙.
7 A Few Kinds of Dinosaurs.
7 有几样恐龙。
10 Theropods.
10个地道。
11 Sauropods.
11 苏罗波德.
13 Ceratopsians.
13 Ceratopsians (希腊语).
15 The Death of Dinosaurs.
15"恐龙之死".
18 Glossary.
18 词汇。
20 The World of Dinosaurs Imagine that you’ve been sent back in time 230 million years.
20 恐龙世界 想象一下,你被及时送回了2.3亿年。
The world looks very different from the one you know.
这个世界看起来和你知道的完全不同
All the land on Earth is one giant continent.
地球上所有的土地都是一个巨大的大陆.
Shallow seas cover parts of the ground.
浅海覆盖地上部分地.
The weather is warm, even near the poles.
天气温和,甚至靠近柱子.
In the shadow of an enormous plant, you hear a noise.
在一株巨大的植物的阴影下,你听到了一股噪音.
Something large is hiding there.
有大东西藏在那里
You have arrived in the time of the dinosaurs.
你到了恐龙时代
You are probably familiar with dinosaurs from books and movies.
你可能很熟悉书和电影里的恐龙
These animals were just one part of an entire ancient world.
这些动物只是整个古代世界的一部分
The age of dinosaurs lasted for about 180 million years.
恐龙时代持续了约1.8亿年.
Earth changed a lot during that time.
那时地球变化很大.
The continents split apart, and the first flowering plants grew.
大陆相分而相分,出花植物初生.
Velociraptor (vuh-LAH-suh-rap-tur) Rhamphorhynchus (ram-fuh-RING-kuhs) Some kinds of dinosaurs died out, and new ones appeared.
高压拉平管(vuh-LAH-suh-rap-tur) Rhamphorhynchus (ram-fuh-RING-kuhs) 高压拉平管(ram-fuh-RING-kuhs) 一些恐龙死亡, 出现了新的恐龙。
Like today’s world, the world of the dinosaurs was a changing place.
与当今世界一样,恐龙的世界也发生了变化。
Meet the Dinosaurs Dinosaurs were a kind of reptile that is now extinct.
见恐龙恐龙是一种已经灭绝的爬行动物.
Dinosaurs stood up off the ground, while other reptiles crawled.
恐龙从地上站起,而其他爬行动物会爬行.
They had large eyes and could probably see color.
他们的眼睛很大,可能能看到颜色。
Many scientists think that dinosaurs were faster and more active than other reptiles.
许多科学家认为恐龙比其他爬行动物更快活泼.
With the help of these traits, dinosaurs spread across Earth.
在这些特质的帮助下,恐龙遍布地球.
Compsognathus (komp-SOG-nuh-thuhs) At least one thousand species of dinosaurs have been discovered and named, but scientists think far more lived on Earth.
相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相通相相通相通相相通相通相通相通相通相 已经发现了至少一千个恐龙物种并命名,但科学家们认为地球上的生物数量要多得多.
Dinosaurs could be as small as a chicken or as large as a school bus.
恐龙可以和鸡一样小,也可以和校车一样大.
Some grew as long as 39 meters (128 ft.)
有的长至39米(128英尺).
Everything we know about dinosaurs and their world comes from fossils.
我们对恐龙及其世界的了解都来自化石.
A fossil is the remains or print of a plant or animal that was preserved in soil or rock.
化石是被保存在土壤或岩石中的植物或动物的遗骸或印记.
Scientists have found parts of preserved dinosaur skeletons.
科学家发现了保存下来的恐龙骨架的一部分.
They have found only a few whole dinosaur skeletons.
他们只发现了几具恐龙骨架
Most of the dinosaur skeletons in museums were put together from parts of many different skeletons.
博物馆中的恐龙骨架大部分被从许多不同骨架上分出的部分被拼接而来.
Scientists have also found fossil dinosaur footprints, eggs, and even the contents of dinosaurs’ stomachs.
科学家们也发现了化石恐龙足迹,卵子,甚至恐龙胃部的内涵.
All these things help scientists learn how dinosaurs lived, ate, and died.
所有这些东西都帮助科学家们学习恐龙是如何活,吃,死.
Tyrannosaurus (ty-ran-uh-SOR-uhs) skeleton A Few Kinds of Dinosaurs Different kinds of dinosaurs lived in different places and at different times.
暴龙骨架 几样恐龙 不同种类的恐龙 生活在不同的地方和不同的时间
A Tyrannosaurus (ty-ran-uh-SOR-uhs) could never have attacked an Apatosaurus (uh-pa-tuh-SOR-uhs).
一个暴龙(ty-ran-uh-SOR-uhs)永远不可能攻击一头天龙(uh-pa-tuh-SOR-uhs).
They lived more than fifty million years apart!
他们相隔五千万年
Scientists name dinosaurs based on what they looked like and what they ate.
科学家根据恐龙的外表和所吃的食物来命名恐龙.
Because of this, similar dinosaurs are sorted into larger groups.
因此,类似的恐龙被分解成更大的群.
Theropods This group of dinosaurs is made up of the scary meat eaters we see so often in movies.
地铁 这群恐龙是由我们经常在电影中看到的可怕的吃肉者组成的.
One of the largest theropods (THEER-uh-podz), Tyrannosaurus, was up to 6 meters (20 ft.)
最大的地od(THER-uh-podz),暴龙,高达6米(20英尺.
tall.
高个子。
Another type of theropod was only about the size of a human second grader but ran as fast as a horse.
另一种型号为"活生生"(theropod),只有人类二年级生的体型,但跑得和马一样快.
Tyrannosaurus Carnotaurus (kar-nuh-TOR-uhs) Theropods ran on two legs, and they had big, heavy heads and jaws.
暴龙卡诺陶鲁斯 (kar-nuh-TOR-uhs) Theropods跑出两条腿,并有大而重的头和下巴.
A Tyrannosaurus tooth could be as long as a dinner plate.
暴龙牙可以和晚餐盘一样长
Most dinosaurs in this group had giant hooked claws on their feet to catch and kill their food.
大部分恐龙的脚上都有被钩住的巨爪来捕捉并杀死食物。
They were fierce, and fossil skulls show that they also had large brains, which means they were smart.
它们很凶猛,化石头骨显示它们也有大大脑,这意味着它们很聪明.
Scientists think they may have lived in family groups and gently cared for their young.
科学家们认为,他们可能生活在家庭群体中,并温和地照顾自己的年轻.
Sauropods This next group of dinosaurs included perhaps the largest creatures that ever walked on land.
苏洛波兹 接下来的一群恐龙 包括了也许最大的生物 在陆地上行走。
Sauropods (SOR-uh- podz) had large, heavy bodies, legs like tree trunks, and long, slim necks and tails.
索罗波兹(SOR-uh-potz)有大而重的身体,腿如树干,并有长而瘦的脖子和尾巴.
One type of sauropod may have been as tall as a five-story building.
有一类被高可达五层建筑.
If another type stood on a baseball field, it could stretch from home plate to second base from head to tail.
如果另一种类型站在棒球场上,它可以从主板到从头到尾的二垒.
Apatosaurus Coelophysis (see-loh-FY-sis) Most meat eaters wouldn’t attack a group of these giants.
(见-loh-FY-sis) 多数吃肉者不会攻击这些巨人。
Scientists think that some sauropods may have used their tails as deadly whips.
科学家们认为,一些被腐尸可能已经用尾巴作致命的鞭子.
For these dinosaurs, getting enough food was a much bigger problem than staying safe from predators.
对于这些恐龙来说, 获得足够的食物 是一个更大的问题 比远离捕食者的安全。
Ceratopsians The members of this next group of plant eaters were smaller than sauropods.
陶瓷师 接下来这组植物食用者中的成员比绍罗波德还小.
Ceratopsians (sair-uh-TOP-see-uhnz) were usually about 3 to 9 meters (10–30 ft.)
Ceratopsians (sair-uh-TOP-see-uhnz) 通常为3-9米(10-30英尺)左右.
long.
长.
They made up for their size with large fan-shaped crests that protected their heads and necks.
它们用保护头部和颈部的大扇形花冠来弥补它们的大小.
The crests could have as many as fifteen horns.
峰可以有多达15个角.
Styracosaurus Styracosaurus (sty-rak-uh-SOR-uhs) Many ceratopsians also had horns on their noses and above their eyes.
斯地拉科龙 斯地拉科龙(sty-rak-uh-Sor-uhs) 斯地拉科龙 斯地拉科龙 斯地拉科龙 斯地拉科龙 斯地拉科龙 许多ceratopsian人鼻子上和眼睛上也有角.
They had strong parrotlike beaks that could snap tree trunks.
他们有很强的鹦鹉般的喙 能够打碎树干
Pterosaurs While not dinosaurs, this group of animals lived during the same time.
猎人 虽然不是恐龙,但是这群动物同时生活.
Pterosaurs (TAIR-uh-sorz) and dinosaurs are both archosaurs, also known as “ruling reptiles.”
Pterosaurs (TAIR-uh-sorz) 和恐龙都是大头目,又被称作"生性爬行动物". “
Birds and crocodiles fall into this group as well.
鸟和鳄鱼也属于这个群体.
Aside from insects, pterosaurs were the first animals to ever fly.
除了昆虫之外,恐龙是最早飞行的动物.
Most of these flyers ate meat.
这些传单大多吃肉.
Some caught fish, lizards, and insects while they flew.
一些在飞行时捕获了鱼,蜥蜴和昆虫.
Others ate dead animals they came across.
其他人把死去的动物吃掉了
Pterosaurs were different sizes.
Pterosaurs是不同的尺寸。
Some were only 25 centimeters (10 in.)
有些只有25厘米(10英寸).
long from wing to wing, while others had wings as long as a bus.
长从一翼到一翼,而其他人则有一翼如巴士.
Pteranodon (tuh-RA-nuh-don) The Death of Dinosaurs In time, dinosaurs disappeared from Earth altogether.
Pteranodon (tuh-RA-nuh-don) 恐龙之死 恐龙从地球上消失
What happened?
发生了什么事?
Scientists still don’t know for sure.
科学家仍不确定。
Many think that the crash of an enormous meteorite into Earth was at least partly to blame.
许多人认为,巨大的陨石坠入地球至少是部分原因.
The meteorite sent dust and fire into the air.
陨石出出出出尘出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出.
The Sun was blocked out for months.
太阳被封锁了几个月
The air became colder.
空气变冷了
Plants died.
植物死亡了 植物死亡了
Rainwater turned muddy and undrinkable.
相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相去相相去相去相去相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相相
Both plant eaters and meat eaters could have died from sickness and from not having enough food and water.
食用植物者和吃肉者都可能因疾病和没有足够的食物和水而死亡。
Whatever killed the dinosaurs also killed hundreds of other kinds of plants and animals.
无论什么杀死了恐龙 也杀死了数百种其他种类的动植物
However, one small group of dinosaurs may have survived.
然而,有一小群恐龙可能存活了下来.
When scientists look at the bones of birds and dinosaurs, they see many things in common.
科学家们看鸟类和恐龙的骨头时,会看到很多共同点.
Today, many scientists agree that certain types of dinosaurs later became birds.
今天,许多科学家一致认为某些类型的恐龙后来会变成鸟类.