Desert People
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
What Is a Desert?
什么是沙漠吗?
Would you know a desert if you saw one?
如果你看到沙漠 你会知道吗?
Would it have camels or rattlesnakes?
它有骆驼或响尾蛇吗?
Would it have sand or rocks?
它有沙子还是石头?
Earth has many different kinds of deserts, but all deserts are dry.
地球有多种不同的沙漠,但是所有的沙漠都是干燥的.
They usually get less than 25.
他们通常收入不到25.
4 centimeters (10 in) of rain a year.
每年有4厘米(10英寸)雨量.
Some deserts are very cold, but most are sunny and hot.
有些沙漠非常寒冷,但大多是阳光和炎热.
Desert Living How do people stay alive in such hot, dry places?
沙漠生活组织 人怎么在这么热干的地方活下来?
Where do they find food and water?
他们在哪里找到食物和水?
How do they build their homes?
他们如何建造家园?
For thousands of years, desert people have used what they found in their local areas to get food, water, and shelter.
数千年来,沙漠人民利用他们在当地发现的东西获得食物、水和住所。
Each desert is different, and each desert has its own solutions.
每个沙漠都是不同的,每个沙漠都有自己的解决方案.
In this book, you will learn about two desert peoples: the Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin.
在这本书中,你会了解两个沙漠民族:托霍诺·奥德汉人和贝都因人。
Both of these groups have found ways to adapt and live successfully in their desert homelands.
这两个团体都找到了适应和成功生活在沙漠家园的途径。
Finding shade in the desert can be challenging.
在沙漠中寻找荫影可能具有挑战性.
World Deserts Comparison Table Sonoran Sahara Gobi Atacama CLIMATEGood rainfall for the desert Very hot and very dry Cold and windy Driest desert in the world CONTINENTNorth America Africa Asia South America SIZE 310,100 (sq km)9,064,960 (sq km)1,036,000 (sq km)139,860 (sq km) TERRAINFlat basins, mountains Gravel plains, mountains, sand dunes Stony, sandy soil, grasslands Sand, salt basins, lava EXAMPLE OF DESERT PEOPLETohono O’odham Bedouin Mongols Atacama Indians Compare these four deserts.
世界沙漠比较 沙漠降雨量良好 世界上最炎热和干燥的冷风干燥沙漠 平坦的盆地,山脉 碎石平原、山地、沙丘、沙地、草地 沙地,盐盆,熔岩 EXAMPLE DESERT People Tohono O'odham 贝多因蒙古人 阿塔卡马印第安人 比较这四个沙漠.
Notice that they are all different.
注意它们都不同
The Sonoran Market The Sonoran Desert can be a difficult place to live.
索诺兰市场 索诺兰沙漠可能是一个艰难的居住地.
Months may pass without rain.
月会无雨而过.
Summer days can reach 49º Celsius (120ºF).
夏日可达49摄氏度(120摄氏度).
Winter nights can be freezing cold.
冬夜会冷的
But, for a desert, the Sonoran is full of life.
但是,对于沙漠来说,索诺兰人充满了生命.
Historically, the Tohono O’odham lived where 30.
历史上,托霍诺奥德汉人居住于30所.
5 centimeters (12 in) of rain fell each year.
每年降下5厘米(12英寸)雨.
The rainfall supported many plants and animals.
降雨量支撑了许多动植物.
Shady trees, cacti, and flowers all grew there.
草木,仙人掌,花朵都生长在那里.
Many insects, birds, rabbits, and other animals lived there, too.
许多昆虫,鸟类,兔子,以及其他动物也生活在那里.
The Tohono O’odham Tohono O’odham means “desert people.”
Tohono O'odham Tohono O'odham意为“沙漠人”。 “
The Tohono O’odham are Native Americans who still live in the Sonoran Desert.
Tohono O'odham是美国原住民,
Long ago, the O’odham slept in round homes made of dried mud, branches, and grass.
欧德汉一家早前睡在由干泥、树枝和草做的圆形房屋里。
There was one main room with a fire pit.
当时有一个主室有火坑.
Families slept on grass mats.
家人睡在草垫上.
Fires gave them light and heat during cold winter nights.
火灾在寒冷的冬季夜晚给他们带来光和热.
For many years, they were called the Papago.
多年来,他们被称为"帕帕戈".
Today, Tohono O’odham is the official name of the tribe.
今天,东野 奥德汉是该部落的正式名称.
The Sonoran Desert is home to many kinds of life.
索诺兰沙漠是多种生活的家园.
Word Wise Desert: a dry, barren area of land, especially one covered with sand, that is … desolate, waterless, and without vegetation.
智慧之地(Word Wise Desert):是一片干燥,贫瘠的土地,特别是被沙子覆盖的土地,即.荒芜,无水,没有植被.
* * This is the official New Oxford American Dictionary definition of desert.
* * 翻译: 这是"新牛津美国词典"对沙漠的官方定义.
Meat The Tohono O’odham hunted rattlesnakes, rabbits, and birds in the desert.
肉类 Tohono O'odham在沙漠中猎取响尾蛇、兔子和鸟类。
In the mountains, they killed deer, mountain sheep, and sometimes even bears.
在山上,他们杀死了鹿,山羊,有时甚至杀死了熊.
A Different Kind of Shopping The desert was the Tohono O’odham market.
一种不同的购物 沙漠是Tohono O'odham市场。
When they needed vegetables, they planted seeds.
当他们需要蔬菜时,他们种植了种子.
When they needed water, they went to a spring.
当他们需要水时,他们去了一个泉水.
When they needed meat, they hunted.
当他们需要肉时,他们就会去打猎.
Fruits and Vegetables In the early summer, O’odham people planted seeds.
水果和蔬菜 在初夏,奥德汉人种植了种子.
In the late summer, the rains flooded the fields.
夏季后期,多雨将田地淹没.
The O’odham grew corn, beans, and other vegetables.
奥德汉人种植了玉米,豆类等蔬菜.
In the winter, they grew wheat, peas, and fruits.
在冬季,他们种植了小麦,豌豆和水果.
A desert jackrabbit The desert is filled with resources, if you know where to look.
一个沙漠的兔子 沙漠里充满了资源 如果你知道该往哪里看的话
The Bedouin Can you imagine moving to a new place every week?
贝多因人 你能想象每周搬去一个新地方吗?
Another desert people, known as the Bedouin, moved from place to place on camels in search of food and water.
另一个被称作"贝都因人"的沙漠人从一地搬到一地骑骆驼去寻找食物和水.
Because they moved so often, the Bedouin owned very few items.
因为他们经常搬家,贝都因人拥有的物品很少.
Bedouin means “people of the desert.”
贝都因人是指“沙漠人民。 “
The Bedouin lived in tents.
贝都因人住在帐篷里。
In a few hours, they could pack up and move.
几个小时后,他们就可以收拾东西搬走
Today, many Bedouins still travel the Syrian, Arabian, and Sahara deserts.
今天,许多贝都因人仍然在叙利亚,阿拉伯和撒哈拉沙漠出行.
Desert Foods The Tohono O’odham also gathered wild desert foods like chile peppers, onions, beans, and cactus fruits.
沙漠食品 Tohono O'odham也收集了辣椒、洋葱、豆子和仙人掌等野生沙漠食物。
In the mountains, they found acorns, roots, and pine nuts.
在山上,他们发现了橡子,根和松果.
O’odham men even made four-day trips to the ocean to get salt!
O'odham男人甚至去大海去取盐!
The O’odham traded salt and cactus syrup with other native peoples for corn, beans, and wheat.
奥德汉人与其他原住民用盐和仙人掌糖浆来换取玉米、豆子和小麦。
This food helped the O’odham during long periods without rain.
这些食物长期帮助了奥德汉人,没有下雨。
Drinking Water Some O’odham villages were near springs and streams.
一些O'odham村靠近泉水和溪流。
Other villages dug wells in the ground.
其他村庄在地上挖井.
But many people lived far away from water.
但许多人生活在远离水的地方.
Young girls hiked into mountain canyons to get water.
少女走入山地峡谷取水.
Prickly pear cactus fruits Bedouin tents are low to the ground so the wind will not blow them over.
花花果实 贝都因帐篷低到地上 所以风不会把它们吹过
The Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world: 9 million square kilometers (3.
撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠:900万平方千米(3.
5 million sq mi).
500万平方公里。
In some parts, it rains less than 25 millimeters (1 in) per year!
部分地区每年降雨量不到25毫米(1分)!
Less rain falls in the Sahara than in the Sonoran Desert.
撒哈拉降雨量比索诺兰沙漠少.
Fewer plants and animals live there.
那里居住的动植物较少.
The Bedouin had to travel far in search of food and water.
贝都因人不得不远道而来寻找食物和水。
The Sahara is more than sand.
撒哈拉不止是沙地。
It also includes mountains, valleys, and oases.
还包括了山地,山谷和绿洲.
An oasis is a place in a desert where water creates a rich green area.
绿洲是沙漠中水能创造出丰富的绿地的地方.
An oasis in the Sahara Desert Deserts cover roughly one-fifth of the Earth’s surface.
撒哈拉沙漠的绿洲覆盖了地球表面的大约五分之一。
Can you find the Sonoran Desert?
你能找到索诺兰沙漠吗?
The Sahara Desert?
撒哈拉沙漠吗?
Fruits and Vegetables The Bedouin did not grow many crops.
水果和蔬菜 贝都因人没有种植许多作物。
But in late summer, they camped out near oases with date palms.
但是在夏后期,他们用枣掌在绿洲附近扎营.
Bedouins ate some dates fresh and dried others to save for later.
贝都因人食用一些新鲜的枣子和干干的其他枣子来保存到以后.
Meat The Bedouin hunted desert animals for food.
肉类 贝都因人猎取沙漠动物取食.
Sometimes trained dogs rode with the Bedouin to track animals.
有时训练有素的狗会跟随贝都因人去追踪动物.
Can you imagine a dog riding a camel?
你能想象一只狗骑骆驼吗?
Drinking Water The Bedouin knew where to find oases.
饮用水 贝都因人知道在哪里能找到绿洲。
They dug wells to pull water from the ground.
他们挖出井来取地取水.
They carried the water in bags made of camel skin.
他们用由骆驼皮制成的袋子来取出水来.
Camping with Camels Arabian camels gave the Bedouin shelter, clothing, food, and rides.
与骆驼一起露营的阿拉伯骆驼为贝都因人提供了住所、衣服、食物和骑马。
The Bedouin wove camel hair into tents and clothing.
贝都因人把骆驼毛编成帐篷和衣服。
They also drank camel milk and ate camel meat.
他们还喝骆驼奶和吃骆驼肉.
They even burned camel dung for campfires!
他们甚至烧了骆驼粪做营火!
Camels can go a long time without water.
骆驼可以长时间没有水.
Arabian camels can walk 50 kilometers (30 mi) in a day.
阿拉伯骆驼一天能行走50公里(30米).
They can carry up to 270 kilograms (600 lbs) on their backs.
它们背上可携带多达270公斤(600磅)重.
Arabian camels have one hump.
阿拉伯骆驼有一个驼峰。
People living around the Sahara Desert have been eating dates for at least 6,000 years.
生活在撒哈拉沙漠周围的人们至少吃过6000年的枣.
More Desert People The Tohono O’odham and the Bedouin are just two of the world’s desert peoples.
更多的沙漠人民 Tohono O'odham和贝多因人只是世界上两个沙漠民族。
There have been many more.
还有很多
Australian Aborigines hunted with spears and throwing sticks.
澳大利亚原住民用长矛打猎并投掷棍棒.
Women gathered food.
妇女们收集食物。
The Aborigines wore very little clothing.
原住民穿的衣服很少
They slept by the warm campfire.
他们睡在温暖的营火边
Atacama Indians in South America lived in the dry Atacama Desert.
南美洲的阿塔卡马印第安人生活在干燥的阿塔卡马沙漠.
They raised guinea pigs and llamas.
他们养了豚鼠和山羊。
They also planted crops.
他们还种植了农作物。
Aboriginal kids at a playground near Alice Springs, Australia Kalahari Bushmen in southern Africa carry small bows.
在南非洲澳大利亚卡拉哈里·布什人爱丽丝·斯普林斯(英语:Alice Springs)附近的一个操场上的土著儿童会携带小弓.
Nomads traveled the cold and windy Gobi Desert.
游牧民族出行于寒冷多风的戈壁沙漠.
They raised sheep, goats, and cattle.
他们饲养绵羊、山羊和牲畜。
They lived in round tents.
他们住在圆形帐篷里。
Bushmen lived in the Kalahari Desert.
布什人生活在卡拉哈里沙漠.
Women gathered plants and roots.
妇女聚集了植物和根.
Men hunted with bows and arrows.
人以弓箭相猎.
For thousands of years, people have found food, water, shelter, and more in the desert.
几千年来,人们在沙漠中发现了食物,水,住所等更多.
Desert people have learned how to live in these beautiful and challenging lands.
沙漠人民学会了如何生活在这些美丽而有挑战性的土地中.
Glossary adapt (v.)
词汇调整(五)
to adjust to new conditions (p.
以适应新的条件(p.
5) Australian the native people of Aborigines (n.)
(5) 澳大利亚土著原住民(n.)
Australia who lived there before Europeans came (p.
在欧洲人来之前就住在那里的澳大利亚(p.
17) Atacama the high-desert region Desert (n.)
17) Atacama高沙漠地区沙漠 (n.
in northern Chile (p.
位于智利北部(p.
18) Bushmen (n.)
18) 布什门 (n.
one of the native peoples of southern Africa (p.
南非洲原住民之一 (p.
18) dung (n.)
18) 粪(n.
animal manure (also known as poop) (p.
动物粪便(又名大便)(p.
15) nomads (n.)
15) 游牧民(n.
people who move from place to place with no permanent home (p.
没有永久住所的人(p.
17) oases (n.)
17) 绿洲 (n.
fertile places in the desert that have water (p.
沙漠有水的肥沃地(p.
13) Tr y T his Do you think you could grow food like the Tohono O’odham?
13)Try T他,你认为你可以种出食物像"通野"(Tohono O'odham)?
You probably could!
你也许可以!
Ask a teacher, parent, or friend to help you.
请老师、家长或朋友来帮你
But be careful, you might plant a seed in their head, too!
但小心点,你可能会在他们头上种下种子!
Grow Your Own Food 1 Find out what kinds of fruits, vegetables, and herbs grow in your area.
种植自有食物 1 查出您所在地区生长的水果,蔬菜和草药种类.
and buy the seeds.
并购买种子。
3 Choose a sunny spot with soft soil.
3个 选择一个有柔软土壤的阳光斑点.
(You can also fill a pot with soil.)
(亦能以地入地入一锅.
instructions on the seed packet).
种子包上的指示。
5 Dig a shallow hole.
页:1 挖个浅洞
seed to grow!
种子生长!