Code Talkers
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Philip Johnston’s Bright Idea.
4 菲利普·约翰斯顿的"明亮思想".
5 Mysterious Messages.
5"神秘传".
7 Why Navajo?
为什么是纳瓦霍?
9 Communicating in Code.
9 以法典进行交流。
10 Unsung Heroes.
10 吴星英雄.
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Introduction The date is February 19, 1945.
导言 日期为1945年2月19日.
A group of U.
一组U.
S.
师曰.
Marines reaches the beach of Iwo Jima island in the Pacific Ocean.
海军陆战队到达了太平洋硫磺岛的海滩.
All will be lost if the enemy learns of their plans, but the marines have a secret code.
如果敌人得知他们的计划,所有的人都会失去,但海军陆战队有秘密密码.
They can transmit messages that no one else can understand.
他们可以传递别人无法理解的信息.
U.
吴.
S.
师曰.
troops unload supplies at Iwo Jima on February 19, 1945.
1945年2月19日部队在硫磺岛卸货
Philip Johnston’s Bright Idea By 1942, the United States had entered World War II.
菲利普·约翰斯顿的明亮思想 到1942年,美国已经进入了二战.
The U.
吴人.
S.
师曰.
military was sending coded messages between groups of soldiers to keep them safe and ready to fight.
军方在士兵团体之间发出密码信息,以保护他们的安全并准备战斗。
However, the enemy was getting hold of those messages and was very good at breaking U.
然而,敌人正在掌握这些讯息,并且非常擅长破坏U.
S.
师曰.
codes.
密码
In some cases, this led to many American deaths.
在某些情况下,这导致许多美国人死亡.
Philip Johnston contacted the military about using a code based on Navajo (NA-vuh-hoh).
菲利普·约翰斯顿(英语:Philip Johnston)就使用以纳瓦霍(英语:NA-vuh-hoh)为基础的代码与军方联系.
Johnston had lived around Navajo Indians as a child.
约翰斯顿从小就住在纳瓦霍印第安人周围.
He knew that few people outside the tribe understood the Navajo language.
他知道部落外很少有人懂纳瓦霍语.
He also knew that Navajo was a “hidden language”—it was only spoken and had no written symbols.
他还知道纳瓦霍语是一种 " 隐蔽语言 " ——它只是口头的,没有书面符号。
These things made Navajo perfect for top-secret messages.
这些事情使得纳瓦霍完全适合最高机密的信息.
The U.
吴人.
S.
师曰.
military agreed to try it.
军方同意尝试。
Philip Johnston (center) in 1904 at around age twelve.
菲利普·约翰斯顿(英语:Philip Johnston (center))于1904年12岁左右.
Johnston moved to the Navajo reservation with his family in 1896.
1896年约翰斯顿随家人搬到了纳瓦霍保留地.
Philip Johnston in 1944 Arizona New Mexico Flagstaff Albuquerque Las Vegas United States Nevada Utah Colorado Many Native Americans live on reservations, which are lands set aside for them by the U.
菲利普·约翰斯顿 1944年 亚利桑那州 新墨西哥州 阿尔布克尔克·拉斯维加斯 美国内华达州 犹他州 科罗拉多州 许多美洲原住民生活在保留地上,这些保留地是美国留给他们的土地.
S.
师曰.
government.
政府。
The Navajo Nation is the largest reservation —it’s about the size of West Virginia.
纳瓦霍民族是最大的保留地——大约是西弗吉尼亚州.
Its territory surrounds the smaller Hopi Indian Reservation.
其地盘包围了较小的霍皮印第安人保留地.
Mysterious Messages Sending hidden messages dates back to ancient times.
有神秘的信息发送隐藏的信息可以追溯到古代.
Early on, only the sender and the person getting the message would know how the message was hidden.
早期,只有发送者和收到消息的人才知道信息是如何被隐藏的.
Sometimes they used invisible ink, which seems to disappear once it’s put to paper.
有时他们使用隐形墨水,
Later, heat or chemicals would make the ink visible so the message could be read.
后来,热能或化学物质会使墨水显出,以便读取信息。
At other times, the sender would shave and then tattoo words on a man’s head.
在另一些时候,发件人会剃发后将字纹在一个人的头上.
Once his hair grew back and covered the message, he traveled to visit the person the message was for.
一旦他头发长回并覆盖了信息,他便出行去拜访信息要为的人。
That person would shave his head to read the message!
那个人会剃光头去读留言!
With most modern coding systems, the message itself is not hidden, but its meaning is.
在大多数现代编码系统下,消息本身并不被隐藏,而其含义是.
Even if the message falls into enemy hands, the reader must know the code in order to understand it.
即使信息落入敌人手中,读者也必须知道密码才能理解.
At the start of World War II, the American military changed codes all the time.
二战开始时,美国军方经常更改代码.
Yet over and over, their efforts failed.
然而,他们的努力一再失败。
Many Japanese students had learned American English in the United States.
许多日本学生在美国学习了美国英语.
The Japanese code breakers could break messages almost as quickly as the Americans sent them.
日本密码破解器几乎可以和美国人发送时一样快地破解消息.
Message in Disguise How does coding work?
隐藏信件 如何编码?
Here are two different ways to encode the message “Send help now.”
这里有两种不同的方式来编码“现在发送帮助”。 “
Swapping: A method called the Caesar Cipher involves swapping out each letter in the message for another.
抖音:一种叫"凯撒密码"的方法,涉及将消息中每个字母换成另一个.
Used by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar, it involves swapping letters by simply moving the alphabet.
被罗马皇帝尤利乌斯·凯撒所使用,它涉及通过简单地移动字母表来互换字母.
Here, each letter will move three letters to the left.
在这里,每个字母会向左移动三个字母.
“Send help now” becomes “PBKA EBIM KLT.”
“现在提供帮助”改为“PBKA EBIM KLT”。 “
Scrambling: Another method of coding a message involves scrambling the letters.
S: 另一种对消息进行编码的方法涉及对信件进行拼接.
An example is the Rail Fence Cipher.
铁路栅栏塞弗就是一个例子。
The message is encoded by writing the letters of each word on two or more lines, then putting the lines together.
消息通过将每个单词的字母写入两行或多行来编码,再将行组合起来.
“Send help now” becomes “SNEPNW EDHLO.”
“现在提供帮助”改为“SNEPNW EDHLO”。 “
Why Navajo?
为什么是纳瓦霍?
The idea of using a Native American language was not new.
使用美国原住民语言的想法并不新鲜.
During World War I, the United States had used several Native American languages to transmit secret messages.
在一战期间,美国曾使用多種美洲原住民语言来传递秘密信息.
So why not use those same codes during World War II?
二战期间为什么不使用同样的代码呢?
After World War I, both Germany and Japan had sent students to the United States.
第一次世界大战后,德国和日本都向美国派遣了学生.
They had learned those Native American languages.
他们已经学会了美国原住民的语言。
However, any student would have had a hard time learning Navajo.
然而,任何学生都会很难学习纳瓦霍.
It belonged to a different family of languages than many other Native American languages.
它与许多其他美洲原住民语言相比属于不同的语言家族.
The marines believed that no one outside the country would understand the Navajo code.
海军陆战队认为,境外无人能理解"纳瓦霍法典".
Communicating in Code Twenty-nine Navajo soldiers helped come up with a system for coding messages based on their language.
在代码中沟通 29名纳瓦霍士兵帮助制定了基于他们语言的信息编码系统.
The coding system had two parts.
编码系统有两个部分。
The first part used Navajo words to stand for English letters.
第一部分用纳瓦霍语来代表英文字母.
For example, the Navajo word for “bear” is shush, so the word shush was used for the letter B.
例如,"熊"的纳瓦霍词是shush,所以shush一词用于字母B.
WWI Choctaw Telephone Squad Two Navajo soldiers send orders over a radio using the Navajo code.
WWI Choctaw电话小分队 二名纳瓦霍士兵用纳瓦霍密码通过无线电发出命令.
In some cases, the soldiers already knew each other from living on the same reservation.
在某些情况下,士兵们从住在同一个保留地上就已经认识了。
These two were cousins.
这两位是堂兄弟.
Navajo people were taught from an early age to listen to and learn the stories of their people.
纳瓦霍人从小就学会倾听并学习自己人的故事.
The Navajo soldiers had no problem learning the new code.
纳瓦霍士兵了解新法典没有问题.
When they took a test to see how well they could transmit radio messages, the military was amazed.
当他们接受测试,看看他们能传播多少无线电信息时,军方感到惊讶。
The code talkers could do in seconds what other coders needed half an hour to do!
密码员可以马上做其他密码员需要半小时做的事!
The second part of the system gave new military meanings to a list of 211 Navajo words.
系统的第二部分为211个纳瓦霍词列表提供了新的军事含义.
The Navajo words used were often based on the appearance or job of each one described.
所使用的纳瓦霍语词往往基于所描述的每一个词的外观或工作.
For example, owl meant “observation plane.”
例如,猫头鹰的意思是“观察平面”。 “
The Navajo word for shark meant “destroyer,” a type of warship.
纳瓦霍鲨鱼一词意为"德斯特罗耶"(destroyer),是一种军舰.
A “submarine” was called an iron fish.
一种叫作"潜"的"铁鱼".
Navajo code talkers Henry Blake Jr.
纳瓦霍密码员 小亨利·布莱克.
(left) and George Kirk use a radio in December 1943 in an island jungle northeast of Australia.
(左)和乔治·柯克于1943年12月在澳大利亚东北部的一个岛屿丛林中使用了收音机.
The Navajo Code Talkers’ Dictionary Alphabet Code Letter Navajo Word Navajo Meaning A wol-la-chee ant B shush bear C moasi cat D be deer E dzeh elk F tsa-e-donin-ee fly Common Words Word Navajo Word Navajo Meaning commanding officer hash-kay-gi-na-tah war chief dive bomber gini chicken hawk battleship lo-tso whale bombs a-ye-shi eggs You can see how confusing this must have been to the enemy!
纳瓦霍代码 说客名词典 字母代号 字母 纳瓦霍词 纳瓦霍含义 一只雄鹿克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克克 你可以看到这对敌人来说有多混乱!
Unsung Heroes The Japanese could not make sense of the code.
无名英雄 日本人无法理解密码
Even after Japan gave up on September 2, 1945, the code stayed secret.
即使在1945年9月2日日本放弃后,密码仍然保密.
The code talkers could not talk about their work.
密码谈话者不能谈论他们的工作。
They remained silent for years.
他们多年来一直保持沉默。
They also returned to hard lives after the war.
他们还在战后重回了艰难的生活.
For many who had been soldiers, jobs were tough to find, and Native Americans often faced discrimination.
对于许多曾经是士兵的人来说,工作很难找到,美洲原住民常常面临歧视.
Navajo and other tribes in Arizona and New Mexico could not vote until 1948.
纳瓦霍和亚利桑那州和新墨西哥州的其他部落直到1948年才能投票.
Tribes in Utah could not vote until 1957.
犹他州的部落直到1957年才能投票.
The military quickly started using the code and began training more code talkers.
军方迅速开始使用代码,并开始培训更多的代码谈话者.
Many Navajo men were eager to serve.
许多纳瓦霍人渴望服役.
In total, more than four hundred Navajo code talkers served brilliantly in the Pacific.
总共有400多名纳瓦霍密码谈话者在太平洋出色地服务.
One of the biggest battles of the war was the Battle of Iwo Jima.
这场战争的最大战役之一是硫磺岛战役.
During it, six code talkers sent and received more than eight hundred messages in the heat of combat without a single error.
其间,有6名代码谈话者在战斗热中发出并收到了800多条消息,没有一次出错.
One of those six, Keith Little, said, “My weapon was my language, and that language probably saved countless lives.”
这六个人中的一个Keith Little说,“我的武器是我的语言,而这种语言可能拯救了无数人的生命。 “
Native Americans register to vote for the first time in New Mexico in 1948.
1948年美洲原住民注册在新墨西哥州首次投票.
Keith Little talks to a crowd in 2009.
2009年基斯·利特与一众会谈.
Little died in 2012 at age 87.
Little于2012年去世,享年87岁.
Finally, in 1968, the silence around the code talker program ended.
最后,1968年,围绕"密码说客"程序的沉默结束.
Then the world learned about the amazing work of these men.
之后世人得知了这些人的惊人作风.
To this day, the Navajo code is the only spoken military code that has never been broken.
时至今日,纳瓦霍密码是唯一从未被打破的口语军事密码.
Glossary breaking (v.)
词汇断开(v.)
solving or figuring out (p.
解析或解析(p.
5) code (n.)
5) 代码 (n.
a system of letters, symbols, or signals that are used to send secret messages (p.
用于发送秘密消息(p.
4) code talkers (n.)
4) 密码谈话者(n.
Native American soldiers who used their native language as a code during World Wars I and II (p.
在一战和二战期间使用自己母语作为代码的美国原住民士兵(p.
12) discrimination the unfair treatment of a (n.)
歧视(n)
person or group based on gender, race, age, religion, or other differences (p.
基于性别、种族、年龄、宗教或其他差异的个人或群体(p.
14) marines (n.)
14) 海军陆战队(n.
members of the U.
联合国成员。
S.
师曰.
Marine Corps, a branch of the U.
海军陆战队,美国的一个分支.
S.
师曰.
Navajo (n.)
纳瓦霍 (n.
a member of a Native American people in the Southwest; the language of these people (p.
西南地区美洲原住民成员;这些人的语言(p.
5) serve (v.)
5) 服务(五.
to work for an organization or government, especially in a branch of the military (p.
为组织或政府工作,特别是在军事部门(p.
13) symbols (n.)
13)符号 (n.
pictures or signs that represent ideas, letters, or words (p.
代表思想、信件或文字的图片或标志(p.
5) transmit (v.)
(5) 传送(五.
to pass something from one person to another (p.
从一个人传递到另一个人(p.
4) President George W.
4) 乔治·W.
Bush shakes hands with John Brown Jr.
布什与小约翰·布朗握手.
They met at the Navajo Code Talkers Congressional Gold Medal ceremony in 2001.
他们于2001年在纳瓦霍法典演讲者国会金质奖章仪式上相会.