Breeds of Dogs
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Introduction Did you ever notice how many different kinds of dogs there are?
导言 你有没有注意到有多少种不同的狗?
There are big dogs, small dogs, long dogs, short dogs, hairy dogs, and even hairless dogs.
有"大狗","小狗","长狗","短狗","有毛狗"等,甚至有"无毛狗"等.
There are dogs with big ears, little ears, big noses, little noses, long legs, short legs, long tails, and no tails at all.
有狗有大耳,小耳,大鼻,小鼻,长腿,短腿,长尾等,完全没有尾巴.
Why are there so many kinds of dogs?
为什么有这么多种类的狗?
The reason is because there are lots of breeds of dogs.
原因是犬类种类繁多.
Breeds are kinds of dogs that are kept separate from other breeds during mating time.
育种(英語:Breed)是犬类,在交配期间与其他品种相分离.
If each breed of dog only mates with its own kind, the puppies will be that same kind of dog, too.
如果每个品种的狗只和自己的同类交配,小狗也会是同一类的狗.
These dogs are purebred, which means that since their parents are the same, they will be the same, too.
这些狗是纯种的,这意味着由于父母是同一种,它们也会是同一种.
A male and female bulldog will have pups that are bulldogs.
母狗和母狗都会有母狗
Other dogs are called mixed-breed dogs.
其他狗被称作"混血狗".
They are a mix of two or more kinds of dogs.
它们是两种或多种狗的混合体。
Mixed-breed dogs are sometimes called mutts.
混血狗有时被称作" mut".
How did different kinds of dogs come to exist?
不同种类的狗怎么会存在?
Long ago, there were no dogs— there were only wolves.
很久以前,没有狗——只有狼.
When people first began living in villages, their garbage became a food source for wolves.
当人们开始生活在村庄时,他们的垃圾成为了狼的食物来源.
Over time, some of the wolves eating human garbage became tamer.
随着时间的推移,一些吃人类垃圾的狼变成了驯服.
These wolves slowly changed to be better at living close to people and began to look and act more like modern dogs.
这些狼会慢慢地改变为更能与人亲近地生活,并开始长相和行为更像现代犬.
People saw that some of these early dogs were better at running.
人们看到一些早期的狗更能跑.
Other dogs were better at hunting, and others were better at digging.
其他狗更擅长打猎,而其他狗更擅长挖掘.
Some people wanted a dog who was even better at one of those tasks.
有些人想要一只更擅长这些任务的狗。
So they started only letting good runners mate with good runners.
所以他们只让好跑者与好跑者交配
And they only let good diggers mate with good diggers.
他们只让好挖掘者与好挖掘者交配.
Over many thousands of years, the dogs people kept as pets changed into the breeds of dogs we know today.
几千年来,人们把养的狗当作宠物 变成了我们今天认识的狗的品种
Of course, the wild wolves stayed wild and are still wild today.
当然,野狼们今天还是野生的
There are seven groups of dogs, and each one has many breeds.
犬类有七组,每组有多种品种.
Let’s learn about these groups and some of their members.
让我们了解这些团体及其成员。
Sporting Dogs Sporting dogs were bred to help hunters.
运动犬 运动犬被培养出来帮助猎人.
Some sporting dogs help a hunter find the game—the animal that is being hunted.
一些运动犬帮助猎人找到游戏——正在被猎取的动物.
Other sporting dogs find game that has been shot and bring it back to the hunter.
其他运动犬找到被射杀的游戏,并带回猎人.
The pointer is a sporting dog that was bred to see and point at game.
指针是一只运动犬,被培养出来看和指向比赛.
A pointer freezes in place with one front leg up and points with its nose.
指针被固定在前腿上方,并用鼻子指出.
The Labrador retriever, or Lab, is a popular sporting dog that is also a good family dog.
拉布拉多取道犬(Labrador refer,或作Lab)是一种受欢迎的运动犬,也是一种好家庭犬.
It was first bred to retrieve, or bring back, birds that had been shot if they fell into a pond or lake.
它最初是为了取回被打倒在池塘或湖里的鸟,或者带回被打倒的鸟.
Labs have webbed feet to help them swim well.
实验室有网床脚来帮助他们游泳。
Their waterproof coat keeps them warm in cold water.
其防水外衣能使其在冷水中取暖.
They have strong jaws for carrying heavy birds.
它们有很强的下巴 用来搭载重鸟
Hounds The job of hounds is to chase game on the ground.
猎犬 猎犬的任务是在地上追逐游戏.
There are two kinds of hounds.
猎犬有两种.
Sighthounds use their eyes to chase game.
相声用眼睛来追逐游戏.
Scenthounds use their nose to follow the scent, or smell, of game.
森特猎犬会用鼻子跟随游戏的气味,或嗅到.
Hounds may bark to let a hunter know they have cornered the game, or they may kill the game themselves.
猎犬可能会吠叫让猎人知道他们已经把游戏逼入了角落,或者他们可能会自己杀死游戏.
The Irish wolfhound, a sighthound, is one of the tallest dogs in the world.
爱尔兰狼犬(英語:Irish wolfhoond)是一只目击犬,是世界上最高的狗之一.
It can be.9 meters (3 ft) tall at the shoulder.
肩高可达9米(3英尺).
It was bred to hunt and kill wolves.
是用来猎杀狼的
Its long, strong legs make it a fast hunter.
它的长而强的腿使它成为一个快的猎人.
The best scenthound is the bloodhound.
最好的气味猎犬是血味猎犬.
It has loose skin on its face and long, floppy ears.
它的脸有松散的皮肤 和长而软的耳朵。
Both of these things help stir up smells so that the bloodhound can find game animals easily.
这两样东西都有助于搅出出出臭味来使"血猎犬"能够轻易地找到游戏动物.
Bloodhounds are also good at finding lost people.
血猎犬也善于寻找失去的人.
Working Dogs Working dogs are smart and tough.
劳动狗 作活活狗又聪明又硬.
They do jobs like guarding, protecting, rescuing, and pulling sleds and carts.
他们的工作有守卫、保护、拯救、拉雪橇和推车等。
The Newfoundland is a large, sturdy dog.
纽芬兰是一只大型而坚固的狗.
It has a thick, waterproof coat that keeps it warm.
它有厚厚的防水外衣,能使其保持温暖.
Long ago, Newfoundlands were used to pull boats and heavy fishing nets through the water.
很久以前,我们... 纽芬兰人被用来从水中取出船只和重鱼网.
Today they are used in Europe to rescue drowning people.
今天它们在欧洲被用来救人
The Samoyed comes from the coldest parts of Asia.
萨摩耶德人来自亚洲最寒冷的地区.
Samoyeds were first used to guard and herd reindeer.
萨摩耶德最早用于守卫和放牧驯鹿.
Today, they work as sled dogs.
今天,他们做雪橇狗。
Their weatherproof coat is extra thick for warmth.
他们的防天气外衣是额外的厚度来取暖.
Their stocky shape helps keep body heat inside.
它们的股状能保持体内的热量
Herding Dogs Herding dogs are fast-moving and smart.
放牧犬 牧犬快活又聪明.
They were bred to control other animals, such as sheep or cattle.
它们是为了控制其他动物而饲养的,如羊或牛.
Herding dogs control animals by barking, staring, or nipping.
牧犬通过叫叫,瞪叫,或叫叫来控制动物.
Herding dogs are easily trained.
放牧犬很容易训练.
They are independent, eager workers.
他们是独立、热心的工人。
The Welsh corgi is a sturdy, quick, shortlegged dog.
威尔士克吉是一只坚韧,快速,短腿的狗.
It was first bred to drive cattle.
最初是饲养来驱赶牛的.
Because it is short, it can duck under cows and nip at their ankles.
因为它很短,它可以躲到牛下 和乳头的脚踝。
It is able to move quickly to keep from being kicked.
它能够迅速行动,避免被踢倒。
The border collie was made famous in Babe, a movie about a pig that herded sheep.
边境克丽在"贝比"出名,是一部关于一头牧羊的猪的电影.
Babe learned this skill from a border collie.
贝比从一个边境小屋学到了这种技巧.
Border collies were bred to herd sheep and cattle, and they still do that work today.
边境的骆驼被饲养到羊群和牛群中,他们今天仍然从事这项工作.
They are athletic dogs that can run very fast.
他们是能跑得很快的运动犬。
They are good at making sheep and cattle obey them.
他们擅长使羊和牛服从他们.
Terriers Terriers are usually small or medium in size.
泰瑞人通常大小为小或中.
Most terriers were bred to find and kill fierce pests like rats, otters, foxes, and badgers.
大部分的恐怖动物是为了寻找和杀死凶猛的害虫,如老鼠、水獭、狐狸和黑道动物。
They had to be very brave to hunt these fierce animals.
他们必须非常勇敢地去猎取这些凶猛的动物.
As pets, terriers can be stubborn and hard to train.
作为宠物,恐怖者可能固执而难以训练.
The Airedale is the largest terrier.
Airedale是最大的恐惧者。
It was originally bred to kill badgers, weasels, and otters.
它最初是被培养出来的,用来杀死黑道人,黄鼠狼和水獭.
It is a natural watchdog and has also been used as a police dog.
这是一种天然的监视器,也被用作警犬。
Jack Russell terriers became very popular because they starred on American television shows such as Frasier and Wishbone.
杰克·罗素·特瑞尔斯(英语:Jack Russell terriers)因主演美国电视剧"弗拉西耶"和"Wishbone"而变得非常受欢迎.
However, this dog is not right for everyone.
然而,这只狗对每个人都不对.
It needs lots of exercise and activity every day.
它每天需要大量的锻炼和活动.
Otherwise, it will be difficult and destructive.
否则,它将是困难和破坏性的。
Toy Dogs Toy dogs have been bred for their small size.
玩具狗队 玩具狗因体型小而被饲养.
Some toy breeds originally had jobs hunting or killing pests.
一些玩具品种最初有打猎或杀死害虫的工作.
But most toy dogs were first bred as companions to people.
但大多数玩具狗最初是作为同伴被培养出来的.
The papillon is a small, friendly, smart dog with big ears.
帕皮隆是一只小而友好,聪明的狗,有大耳朵.
Papillon is the French word for butterfly.
帕皮隆是蝴蝶的法语词.
This dog’s ears look like butterfly wings.
这只狗的耳朵看起来像蝴蝶翅膀。
The hairless Chinese crested is bald except for puffs of hair on the head and feet.
无毛的中花花被是秃头,除了头和脚上有发泡.
It has dark gray skin with pink spots.
有深灰色的皮肤 有粉红色斑点
It needs sunblock lotion in the summer.
夏天需要防晒霜药
In the winter, it needs to wear a coat to stay warm.
在冬天,它需要穿一件外衣来保持温暖.
Hairless Chinese cresteds Nonsporting Dogs This group of dogs includes many breeds that don’t fit into the other groups.
无毛中国花纹 不运动狗 这群狗包括许多不适合其他群的品种。
Their job now is mostly to be companions to people.
他们现在的工作主要是成为人们的同伴.
The Shar-pei is an unusual-looking dog.
夏佩是一只不寻常的狗。
Its skin is wrinkled and loose, and its mouth is shaped like a hippo’s mouth.
其皮肤被皱起而松起,口被形状为河马口.
The Shar-pei was first bred as a Chinese fighting and guard dog.
夏佩先是被培养为中国的战斗和卫犬.
Its loose skin made it possible for the dog to twist away if another animal grabbed it.
它的松散的皮肤使得狗有可能被另一只动物抓走.
Dalmatian puppies are born completely white.
达尔马提亚小狗生来就是白种人
Their spots develop in the first few weeks of life.
它们的斑点在生命的前几周发展.
Dalmatians were trained to trot beside a horse-drawn coach.
达尔马提亚人被训练去骑马去骑马
If farm animals got in the road, the Dalmatian would move them out of the way.
如果养殖动物在路上,达尔马提亚人会把他们赶走.
It also protected the horses from wild dogs.
它还保护了马匹免受野狗的伤害.
The Dalmatian had to be very strong so it could trot for many miles.
达尔马提亚人必须非常强壮 才能跑多英里
Choosing a Dog Purebred dogs can have health problems.
选择一只狗 被清洗的狗会有健康问题。
Many people believe that mixed-breed dogs are healthier.
许多人认为混血狗更健康.
Mixed breeds come in all sizes and colors.
混合品种以各种大小和颜色出现.
They often have lively personalities.
他们经常有活泼的个性。
Bringing a dog into your family is a big decision.
把狗带入你家是个大决定
It is very important to keep a dog healthy with regular visits to the vet.
养活一只狗 定期去看兽医是非常重要的
It is also very important to train the dog to behave well.
训练狗的行为良好也很重要。