Woods of Wonder
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Oh, That’s Old!
内容列表 Oh,那是老了!
4 United States.
4 美国。
7 Japan.
7 日本语。
11 Russia.
11 俄罗斯。
13 Conclusion.
13 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Oh, That’s Old!
16岁,
Imagine you’re in a dark, lovely forest.
想象你在一片黑暗而可爱的森林里。
Trees with trunks wider than cars tower overhead.
树干比汽车塔还宽
Smaller plants soak up what little light they can find.
更小的植物会浸出它们能发现的小光.
Pine needles and other dead leaves cover the ground.
松针等枯叶被地.
Like something out of a fairy tale, an old-growth forest is a place of wonder and mystery.
像童话故事中的东西一样,一棵古老的生长的森林是一个神奇和神秘的地方.
Some old-growth forests look like this scene.
一些古老生长的森林看起来像这个场景.
Others look very different.
其他人看起来很不一样。
Some have only one type of tree, while others have many.
有的只有一种树,有的则有多种.
Some have trees that seem to touch the sky.
有些树似乎触摸了天空
Others have trees shorter than a house.
还有的树比房子矮.
Because of all these differences, scientists do not have one definition for an old-growth forest.
由于所有这些差异,科学家们对老森林没有一个定义.
However, they have found some things that many old-growth forests share.
然而,他们发现了许多老森林共有的一些东西。
Many scientists agree that an old-growth forest must be at least 150 years old.
许多科学家都同意,老生长的森林必须至少有150年的历史.
The trees within the forest might be many different ages, though, including large trees, both living and dead (or dying).
森林内的树木可能有许多不同的年龄,包括活生生(或死亡)的大树。
Standing dead trees, called snags, and fallen trees provide food and shelter for different animals, plants, and fungi.
站立的枯树被称作"道",倒倒的树木为不同的动物,植物和真菌提供食物和栖息地.
The forest’s canopy should have more than one layer.
森林的树冠应不止一层.
Fallen trees make holes in the canopy where young trees can find sunlight to grow.
倒塌的树木在树冠上打出洞来,在那里幼树可以找到能生长出阳光的阳光.
Old-growth forests are some of the most beautiful and interesting places on Earth.
古老生长的森林是地球上一些最美丽和最有趣的地方.
By studying and taking care of them, we can learn a lot.
通过学习和照顾他们,我们可以学到很多东西.
Looking up in an old-growth forest can make you dizzy!
在老树林里看会头晕!
United States Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks in California together cover more than 1,353 square miles (3,504 sq km).
美国加利福尼亚州的塞克乌亚和金斯峡谷国家公园共占地面积超过1,353平方英里(3,504平方公里).
They hold more than 300 square miles (777 sq km) of old-growth forest, made up mostly of coniferous trees.
它们占地300多平方英里(777平方千米)的老林地,由多为圆形的树木所组成.
Among these are giant sequoias, found only in California.
其中有只存在于加州的巨型sequoia.
These huge trees are among the oldest on Earth.
这些巨大的树木是地球上最古老的.
They can live for more than 3,000 years.
能活三千多岁.
A giant sequoia known as the General Sherman Tree is the largest tree in the world.
被称作"谢尔曼将军树"的一棵巨型sequoia是世界上最大的一棵树.
The Pacific fisher lives in the parks’ old- growth forest, under the thick canopy.
太平洋渔民住在公园的老林中,
It hunts birds and small mammals.
它捕食鸟类和小型哺乳动物.
Its favorite meal is porcupine.
其最爱之食为猪.
Because its habitat is limited to old-growth forests, some states are taking steps to protect it.
由于它的栖息地仅限于老林地,有的州正在采取措施来保护它.
Sequoia vs.
(原始内容存档于2018-03-21). Sequoia vs.
Redwood Giant redwoods and giant sequoias both grow in California.
红杉巨型红杉和巨型红杉都生长在加利福尼亚.
They have the same color bark.
它们的颜色也一样
Both are huge, but they’re different.
两者都是巨大的,
Giant redwoods are the tallest trees in the world.
巨型红杉是世界上最高的树木.
They can reach up to 378 feet (115 m)!
它们能达到378英尺(115米)!
Giant sequoias are the largest.
巨大的sequoias是最大的。
At up to 40 feet (12 m) in diameter, a sequoia can grow almost twice as wide as a redwood.
直径可达40英尺(12米),一sequoia可长出近两倍于红杉.
Redwoods grow best in fog.
红杉在雾中生长得最好.
Sequoias need dry heat for their cones to open.
sequoias需要干燥的热量才能打开锥.
Redwoods grow near sea level.
红杉生长于海平面附近.
Sequoias grow at 5,000 to 7,000 feet (1,524 to 2,134 m).
sequoias生长于5000至7000英尺(1,524至2,134米).
Across the United States in North Carolina and Tennessee, Great Smoky Mountains National Park covers more than 800 square miles (2,072 sq km).
横跨美国北卡罗来纳州和田纳西州,大烟山国家公园占地800多平方英里(2,072平方公里).
Almost all of the park is forest.
公园几乎全部是森林.
Old- growth forests only make up about a quarter of the park.
旧生长的森林只占了公园的四分之一左右.
Deciduous trees make up most of the old-growth forests in this area.
腐朽的树木占了这个地区的老林地的大部分.
The endangered Carolina northern flying squirrel makes its home here.
濒临灭绝的卡罗来纳州北部飞松鼠在这里成为了它的家.
These small mammals don’t really fly.
这些小型哺乳动物并不真正会飞行。
They use skin attached to their front and back paws to glide.
它们使用前爪和后爪相接的皮肤来滑翔.
They mostly eat fungi but may also eat fruits and nuts.
它们主要吃真菌,但也可能吃水果和坚果。
Without the old-growth forest, these animals would vanish.
没有老树林,这些动物就会消失。
Northern flying squirrel Autumn is colorful in Great Smoky Mountains National Park.
北方飞松鼠秋在"大烟山"国家公园有色彩.
Tough, Not Tall Not all old-growth forests have towering trees.
很难,不高 并非所有的老树林都有高耸起的树木.
In some harsh places with wild and icy winds, pines, spruces, and other coniferous trees grow short and twisted.
在一些严酷的地方 有野生和冰冷的风 松树 花生等花生树 生长短而扭曲
These trees are called Krummholz, a German word meaning “crooked wood.”
这些树被称作克伦姆霍尔兹(Krummholz),一个德文词,意为"被砍伐的木材". “
They are only about 6 feet (1.
它们只有约6英尺(1.
8 m) tall, but don’t let their size fool you: Some are one thousand years old.
8米)高, 有些是一千岁
Japan In the northern part of Japan is Shirakami-Sanchi.
日本 分布于日本北部等地,多栖息于白下-相地.
It’s one of the last old-growth forests in East Asia.
是东亚最后的老林之一。
Made up mostly of beech trees, the area covers just 65 square miles (170 sq km) of the mountains.
面积只有65平方英里(170平方千米),
Forests like this one once covered most of northern Japan, but people have cut many down.
像这样的森林曾经覆盖了日本北部的大部分地区, 但人们削减了很多。
Shirakami-Sanchi has no trails or buildings, and animals in the area are protected.
Shirakami-Sanchi没有踪迹或建筑,该地区的动物受到保护.
The forest is home to the Japanese serow.
森林是日本人缝合的家园.
This goatlike animal is only found here and in two other small areas in Japan.
这种类似山羊的动物只在日本的另外两个小地段被发现.
More than 2,100 types of insects and 87 types of birds live in the forest.
2100多类昆虫和87多类鸟类生活在森林中.
These include the black woodpecker, which is endangered in Japan.
其中包括黑啄木鸟,在日本濒危.
Japanese serow Black woodpeckers A Japanese beech tree reaches for the sun in Shirakami-Sanchi, Japan.
日本缝黑啄木鸟 一株日本蜂树在日本白下-三地为太阳所活.
Russia Russia’s Western Caucasus area stretches about 1,062 square miles (2,750 sq km) from the Black Sea to the Caucasus Mountains.
俄罗斯西高加索地区从黑海到高加索山脉的面积大约为1,062平方英里(2,750平方千米).
The area has many different plants and animals.
该地区有多种不同的动植物.
Coniferous trees make up most of the forests.
针叶树构成森林的大部分.
Different kinds of endangered animals make these forests their home.
不同种类的濒危动物成为了这些森林的家园.
Some scientists think that a few endangered snow leopards live here.
一些科学家认为有几只濒危的雪豹活在这里.
Scientists sometimes find signs of the large cats, such as paw prints and droppings.
科学家有时会发现大猫的痕迹,如爪印和倒地等.
The endangered wisent has also been brought back into the forest.
濒危的智者也被带回了森林.
Fallen trees like this fir can nurse along other plants in this old-growth forest in the Caucasus of Russia.
这样的倒倒倒的树 能够抚育俄罗斯高加索地区 森林里其他植物
Snow leopards Wisents are European bison.
雪豹队 威斯通是欧洲野牛。
Conclusion Old-growth forests often have very complex ecosystems.
结论 旧生长的森林往往具有非常复杂的生态系统.
They may have been supporting life for hundreds or thousands of years.
他们可能养活了几百年或几千年。
Governments, national parks, and other groups protect many of these places.
政府、国家公园和其他团体保护许多这些地方。
However, other old-growth forests, both small and large, are in danger.
然而,其他小型和大型的老林处于危险之中。
Human actions can damage or destroy these delicate environments.
人类行动可以破坏或摧毁这些微妙的环境。
Once gone, the beauty and scientific information that these old- growth forests hold may be lost forever.
一旦消失,这些古老的生长森林所蕴藏的美丽和科学信息可能永远被丢失.
Glossary canopy (n.)
词汇库(n.)
the part of a forest where the tops of trees form a dense layer of leaves (p.
森林中树木顶部形成密集叶层的部分(p.
6) coniferous (adj.)
6)相生(adj.
of or relating to a group of mostly evergreen trees and shrubs that grow cones and have leaves shaped like needles or scales (p.
生长锥形并有针状或鳞片状的叶子(p.
7) deciduous (adj.)
7) 废(adj.
having leaves that drop off in the fall and grow back in the spring (p.
留有秋天掉下来的叶子,到春天再生长(p.
9) ecosystems (n.)
9) 生态系统 (n.)
communities of living things together with their habitat (p.
生物群落及其栖息地(p.
15) endangered (adj.)
15)濒危(adj.)
in danger of dying out completely (p.
处于完全死亡的危险中(p.
10) old-growth (adj.)
10) 老-增长 (adj.
of or relating to very old forests (p.
或与非常古老的森林有关的森林
4) Laws prevent logging in some old-growth forests but not others.
4) 法律禁止在一些老林地上进行伐木,但禁止其他林地伐木。
People continue to debate how much protection is enough.
人们继续争论保护的足够程度。