When You Flush?
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Where Does Waste Come From?
4 废物从哪里来?
Where Does It Go?
它会去哪儿?
5 Inside the Treatment Plant.
5 治疗厂内部。
7 The Septic System—Another Way to Deal with Waste.
7 化粪池系统—— 另一种处理废物的方法。
11 Sewage Through the Ages.
11 从古至今的污水。
13 Glossary.
13 词汇。
16 Introduction SWOOSH!
16 介绍 SWOOSH!
You hear this sound every time you flush a toilet.
你每次冲厕所都听到这个声音
But did you ever stop to wonder where everything that you flush down winds up?
但是,你有没有停下来 想知道你冲下来的东西在哪里?
Getting rid of waste is often a complex process.
清除废物往往是一个复杂的过程。
That process can stretch over (or under) many miles in your city or town.
这个过程可以延伸到(或低于)你们所在城市或城镇的许多英里。
maximum levels.
最高水平。
First, the Flush 2 When the toilet is flushed, the valve opens, and clean tank water passes into the bowl.
首先,Flush号 2,厕所被冲出后,阀门会打开,清洁的罐水会传入碗中.
Dirty water passes down the trap.
脏水从陷阱中流出
begin to refill.
开始重新填充。
their maximum levels.
他们的最高水平。
What Makes Up My Sewage?
什么让我的污水?
Where Does Waste Come From?
废物从哪里来?
Where Does It Go?
它会去哪儿?
Human waste is called sewage.
人类废物称为下水道.
In most homes, it is created by using the toilet, sink, or anything that makes water dirty.
在大多数家庭里,它是通过使用厕所,水槽或者任何使水脏的东西来创造的.
If all this sewage reached our drinking water, it would make it unsafe.
如果这些污水到达我们的饮用水,那会使其不安全。
For more than two billion people around the globe, waste either piles up on the land or runs into lakes and rivers.
对于全球20多亿人来说,浪费要么堆积在地上,要么流入湖泊和河流。
Millions of people die each year, sick from drinking water that sewage has made unsafe.
每年有数百万人死于饮用水,污水使饮用水不安全。
Sewage treatment experts are working hard to solve this problem, but it is a huge task.
污水处理专家正在努力解决这个问题,但这是一项艰巨的任务。
This information comes from a 2016 survey that sampled 23,749 homes spread throughout the United States.
这些信息出自2016年的一项调查,该调查抽样调查了23,749所分散在美国各地的住宅.
Toilet 24%Shower 20% Faucet 19% Clothes washer 17% Leaks 12% Other 4% Bath 3% Dishwasher 1% Sewer pipes carry waste to the sewage treatment plant.
厕所 24% Shower 20% Faucet 19% 衣服 17% 泄漏 12% 其他 4% 浴室 3% 迪斯瓦舍 1%的污水管将废物运入污水处理厂。
Some storm sewer pipes carry rainwater to the plant as well.
一些下水道管道也向工厂运送了雨水。
Others carry rain directly to creeks, ponds, and other waterways.
另一些则直接将雨水带到小溪,池塘等水道.
Two Underground Systems catch basin sewer pipe household sewage (toilets, sinks, and so on) storm sewer pipe Lucky for us, the sewer pipes in our homes don’t just empty into our drinking water.
我们家的下水道管道不只是空入饮用水。
Instead, in many cities and towns, all of this dirty water ends up in the local sewer.
相反,在许多城市和城镇,这些肮脏的水最终都排入了当地的下水道.
A boy drinks from a water pipe crossing an uncovered sewage canal.
一个男孩从水管上喝水,穿过一条被揭开的下水道。
Some sewer pipes, like this one in Germany, are big enough to stand in.
一些下水道管道,比如德国的这种管道, 足够大,可以站在那里。
Inside the Treatment Plant Small sewer pipes join up to form bigger and bigger pipes.
在处理厂内部,小下水道管道会合形成更大和更大的管道。
The sewage moves through this large group of pipes to a sewage treatment plant.
污水通过这组大管子移动到污水处理厂.
Here, the water is cleaned.
在这里,水是清洁的。
Things in the water that can make people sick are removed.
水中能使人生病的东西被移除.
Not all sewage treatment systems are alike.
并非所有污水处理系统都是相同的。
One common type cleans sewage in the following way: STEP 1 A big screen (think of a giant kitchen strainer) removes large items such as rocks, sticks, and garbage.
一种常见类型以如下方式清理污水: STEP 1 一个大屏幕(想出一个巨大的厨房教练器)去除岩石,棒子等大型物品和垃圾.
That way, they don’t jam up the treatment plant’s machines.
如此一来,它们不会干扰治疗厂的机器。
STEP 2 What is left over after this process is called sludge, which is thick, dirty water.
步骤 2 此过程后所剩之物被叫作淤泥,是厚而脏的水.
The treatment plant helps bacteria grow in the sludge.
处理厂会帮助污泥中的细菌生长.
These bacteria eat the sludge to break it down.
这些细菌食用污泥来分解.
Water moves into the clarifier tank (step #3) at a sewage treatment plant.
水向污水处理厂的发酵罐(第3步)移动.
STEP 3 Next, the broken-down sludge is sent to another machine.
步骤 3 接下去,破损的淤泥被送到另一台机器.
Here, all of the solid waste settles to the bottom.
在这里,所有的固体废物都沉入了底部.
The water at the top is sent to a filter that cleans it.
顶部的水被送去一个过滤器去清洗.
Once it’s safe, this water can be sent to a stream, lake, or the sea.
这些水一旦安全, 就可以送到溪流、湖泊或海洋去。
The four basic steps in this diagram match the four steps on pages 8–10.
本图中的4个基本步骤与第8-10页中的4个步骤相匹配.
The tanks many city plants require are huge.
许多城市植物需要的坦克是巨大的
San Francisco, California, has a water treatment plant that handles 60 million gallons (227 million L) a day and 250 million gallons (946 million L) on rainy days.
加利福尼亚州旧金山有一家水处理厂,每天处理6000万加仑(2.27亿升)和2.5亿加仑(9.46亿升)的雨季.
The Water Treatment Process STEP 4 The solids are sent to a giant tank called a digester.
水处理进程 4个 固体被送往一个叫消化器的巨型坦克.
Here, a second kind of bacteria eats much of the sludge.
这里,第二种细菌会吃大部分的污泥。
The digester breaks down the solid sludge again and pulls more water from it.
消化器再次将固体污泥分解出并取出更多的水.
About half of the sludge turns into gas.
大约一半的污泥会变成气体.
Some of the gas helps power the plant’s machines.
有些气体能为工厂的机器提供动力。
The other half of the sludge is dried.
另一半的淤泥已经干燥了.
It’s often used on farm fields to help grow crops.
农地上经常用它来种植农作物。
Reclaimed water irrigates a golf course in the desert southwest.
重取出水灌溉了西南沙漠高尔夫球场.
Reusing sewer water saves precious fresh water.
下水道水的再利用节省了宝贵的淡水。
A desert golf course can use the same amount of water in one day that a family of four does in five years.
沙漠高尔夫球场在一天内可以使用与4个家庭在5年内使用相同的水量.
The Septic System—Another Way to Deal With Waste Many homes in the country are far apart from each other.
化粪池系统 国内许多房屋相去甚远。
Building a system large enough to serve homes so far away from one another wouldn’t make much sense.
建造一个足够大、能为远离彼此的家庭服务的系统,
Instead, each home sends human waste into a septic tank.
相反,每个家庭都会把人类的废物送入化粪池。
This is a small sewage treatment system that serves only one home.
这是一个小型污水处理系统,仅服务于一户人家.
A septic tank sends liquid to the soil, which filters it.
化粪池向土壤中放出液体,由土壤过滤.
Solids stay in the tank.
固体留在坦克里。
The Septic Tank The septic tank is buried underground in the yard near the home.
化粪池 化粪池被埋入了住宅附近的院子里.
Any waste from the home runs straight into the tank.
家里的废物都直接冲入了坦克
Inside the tank, the solids drop to the bottom.
在坦克内部,固体会倒入底部.
The liquid runs out through underground pipes into the yard and spreads into the soil.
液体从地下管道流出进入院子并扩散入土壤.
The liquid is filtered as it moves through the soil, which pulls out harmful things before they reach drinking water.
液体在穿过土壤时被过滤出,在到达饮用水之前会抽出有害物质.
The septic tank collects all of the solid sludge, which builds up over time.
化粪池收集了所有的固体污泥,这些污泥随着时间的推移不断积累.
When there is too much sludge in the tank, a septic business must pump it out.
当油罐有太多污泥时 化粪行业必须把它抽出
Gurgling toilets and slow drains are signs that it’s time to pump out your septic tank.
垃圾桶和排水缓慢,
Sewage Through the Ages Think these systems are yucky?
跨世纪下水道 这些系统很烂吗?
Think again.
复想诸相.
The first sewerage systems were built thousands of years ago in places such as ancient Greece and Rome.
最早的下水道系统是数千年前在古希腊和罗马等地所建.
These early systems sent human waste with harmful bacteria away from cities—and directly into nearby water.
这些早期系统将带有有害细菌的人类废物运出城市,直接运入附近的水中。
The water made people sick.
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An ancient sewer canal still remains in modern Greece.
现代希腊仍有一条古老的下水道运河。
Even by the 1800s, large cities like New York still had a hard time with their waste.
即使到了1800年代,像纽约这样的大城市仍然在浪费上度过了艰难的时光.
People’s homes had no toilets.
人民之家没有厕所。
Sometimes they just had a hole in the ground.
有时他们只是有一个地洞。
Since there was no way to flush, human waste would pile up in the hole.
由于没有办法冲出,人类的废物会堆积在洞中.
Some people allowed their waste to spill over and wash into the streets.
有些人允许他们的废物溢出并冲入街头.
It would pile up where people walked and children played.
它会堆积人们走路的地方 和孩子们玩的地方。
The smell was awful.
闻起来糟透了
Before modern plumbing, many people used outhouses like this one.
在现代水管之前,很多人都使用这种出院.
Some outhouses had two stories.
有些外出屋有两个故事
Others had two seats!
其他人有两个座位!
Experts began to understand that streets flowing with waste were also making people sick.
专家们开始认识到,街头流淌着废物,也使人们生病。
New York City began building sewerage systems so the waste would have somewhere to go.
纽约市开始建造下水道系统 这样废物就会有地方去
By 1914, it had nearly 850 miles (1,368 km) of sewer lines.
到1914年,它拥有近850英里(1,368公里)的下水道线.
Today in the United States, waste disappears down toilets and sinks as if by magic.
今天,在美国,废物消失在厕所和水池中,就像魔法一样。
Now you know how it really works, though.
现在你知道它的真正作用了。
So the next time you flush, take a moment to thank your modern sewerage system!
所以下次你冲水时 花点时间感谢你的现代排污系统!
Men work in the New York City sewer around 1911.
1911年前后,男性在纽约市下水道工作.