Whales
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Introduction Whales are very large.
导言 鲸鱼很大
In fact,they are the largest animals on Earth.
事实上,它们是地球上最大的动物。
And they are probably the largest animal that ever lived on Earth.
它们可能是地球上最大的动物
They are bigger.
他们是更大的。
than any known dinosaur.
比任何已知的恐龙。
Even elephants are small when compared to whales.
连大象都比鲸鱼小
A large blue whale.
大蓝鲸.
can be over 33 meters (100 ft) long.
长可超过33米(100英尺).
It can weigh nearly as much as 20 school buses.
它的重量可以接近20辆校车.
Its heart is as big as a small car.
其心如小车相.
A large elephant,in comparison,is 4 3 meters (13 ft) tall and weighs less than one school bus.
大象,相较之下,有4个3米(13英尺)高,体重不足一班校车.
Some whales are fairly small.
有些鲸鱼相当小。
These smaller whales are 1 2 to 1 8 meters (4 to 6 ft) long.
这些更小的鲸鱼有1至1至8米(4至6英尺)长.
Dolphins are an example of a smaller whale.
海豚是小型鲸鱼的例子.
Closeup of a humpback whale Types of Whales There are about 75 kinds of whales.
近身鲸鱼类型 约有75种鲸鱼.
Most whales fall into one of.
大多数鲸鱼都掉入其中之一
two groups.
两组
One group has teeth.
一组有牙齿
They are called toothed whales.
它们被称为"牙齿鲸".
The other group does not have teeth.
另一组没有牙齿。
They are called baleen whales Orca, or killer whale Toothed whales,which include dolphins and porpoises,have jaws lined with sharp teeth.
它们被称作"白鲸"(baleen ch鲸 Orca),或称"致命鲸齿鲸",包括海豚和海豚等,下颚有尖牙线.
They eat fish,squid,and other sea life.
他们吃鱼,鱼, 和其他海洋生物。
Larger toothed whales even eat seals.
大口齿鲸甚至会吃海豹.
The killer whale,or orca, is a well-known toothed whale.
杀手鲸(学名:Or or orca)是一头著名的齿鲸.
Orcas are called killer whales because they are very good at hunting other animals One of the strangest whales is the narwhal.
半兽人被称为虎鲸 因为他们非常擅长猎取其他动物 其中最奇特的鲸鱼是鹦鹉.
It is a toothed whale.
这是只有牙的鲸鱼。
The male narwhal has a large tusk growing straight out of the front.
雄性鹦鹉有一只长出从前部直出而来的大象.
of its head.
它的头。
The tusk can be up to eight feet long Gray whale in the ice Baleen whales have a special material,called baleen,that hangs from their upper jaw.
长可达8英尺长的灰鲸 在冰上巴林鲸身上 有一种特殊材料 叫做"花纹" 挂在上下巴上
Baleen looks a little like a giant feather or comb.
巴林看起来有点像一头巨大的羽毛或梳子.
It filters small fish and very small sea life from the ocean.
它从海洋中过滤出小鱼和非常小的海洋生物.
It seems strange that such large creatures eat such tiny food Humpback whales feeding on krill Baleen whales feed in different ways.
奇怪的是,这些大型生物 食用如此微小的食物 Humpback鲸 以不同的方式喂食Krill Baleen鲸。
Some feed by moving slowly through water.
一些通过缓慢地从水中移动来提供食物.
They swim with their mouths open.
以口开口而游.
As they do,they trap small animals from the water that passes through the baleen filter.
他们把小动物从水中困住 穿过地窖过滤器
The trapped food is then swallowed.
被困食物被吞没
Other baleen whales swallow.
其他鲸鱼会吞下去
huge gulps of water.
巨大的口水。
A single gulp could fill a couple of swimming pools.
单枪匹马能填满几个游泳池
A whale then forces the water out of its mouth through the baleen filters.
鲸鱼通过鲸鱼过滤器 迫使出口出水
The whale swallows the food filtered out of the water A humpback whale breaching Where Whales Live Most whales live in salt water.
鲸鱼吞下从水中过滤出的食物 一个座头鲸突破了鲸鱼生活的地方 大多数鲸鱼生活在盐水中
But a few live in freshwater rivers.
但少数生活在淡水河中.
Since water makes things buoyant,it helps support the weight of large whales Gray whales move between summer feeding grounds in cold waters and warm seas where baby whales are born Russia Alaska Summer M Canada Range a Alternate Route in R o u te P You can find saltwater whales A C I in most of the world’s oceans.
由于水能使事物浮出水面,它有助于支撑大鲸鱼的重量 灰鲸在寒冷水域的夏季取食地和生下幼鲸的温暖海域之间移动 俄罗斯 加拿大阿拉斯加夏令地(Alaska Summer M Canadian) 在Ro u te P的替代航道中, 您可以在世界大多数海洋中找到盐水鲸 A C I。
F I C United States They range from the North Pole to the South Pole.
美国 它们的范围从北极到南极.
Some whales O C migrate great distances.
一些鲸鱼O C迁移了很远的距离.
For example, E A N Mexico some whales migrate thousands of Winter miles to feed and reproduce Range Pink Amazon River dolphin Freshwater whales can be found in certain rivers.
例如,E A N Mexico的一些鲸鱼迁移了数千个冬季里程,以喂养并繁殖Range Pink Amazon河海豚淡水鲸鱼,这些鲸鱼可以在某些河流中找到。
Pink dolphins live in the Amazon River.
平克海豚生活在亚马逊河.
They have been found more than 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) up the river Blowhole of a gray whale with barnacles Characteristics of Whales Whales are mammals.
在河上1,600多公里(1,000英里)处发现了 有谷仓的灰鲸的口洞 鲸鱼是哺乳动物
They have lungs and must surface for air.
他们有肺,必须表面空气。
Whales do not breathe through their mouths.
鲸鱼不会从口中呼吸
Instead,they breathe through a blowhole on the top of their head.
相反,他们通过头顶上的一个喷口呼吸.
Whales have a constant body temperature.
鲸鱼体温不变.
A whale’s body temperature is.
鲸鱼的体温是。
99 degrees Fahrenheit.
华氏99度.
It is almost the same as a human’s Humpback whale with calf Female whales give birth to live young.
母鲸生来年轻,
They feed their young.
养活他们的孩子。
with milk from special glands.
与来自特殊腺体的牛奶。
This milk is rich in fat.
这牛奶富含脂肪.
A large.
一个大。
female whale can produce more than 600 liters (150 gallons) of milk a day Whales have a thick layer of fat called blubber.
雌鲸一日能出产600多升(150加仑)的牛奶,鲸鱼有一层厚厚的脂肪,称为"鲸脂".
The blubber lies just beneath the skin.
脂肪就在皮肤下方
It can be up to 50 centimeters (20 in) thick.
其厚可达50厘米(20英寸).
The layer of blubber keeps whales warm when they are in very cold water.
鲸鱼在非常寒冷的水中时 鲸鱼会保持温暖
Whales store food as fat or blubber.
鲸鱼将食物储存为脂肪或脂肪.
They use the blubber for energy when food is scarce.
当食物稀缺时,他们用脂肪来取能量.
And since blubber is lighter than other parts of the whale’s body,it keeps the whale from sinking A humpback whale’s tail Whales have two large flippers that are paddle-shaped.
由于鲸脂比鲸鱼身体的其他部位更轻,它使得鲸鱼无法将座头鲸的尾巴下沉,鲸鱼有两只被划桨形状的大翻船.
They also have a large fan-shaped tail.
它们也有一个巨大的扇形尾巴.
These parts help whales.
这些部件帮助了鲸鱼.
move through the water.
通过水。
They use their flippers to steer.
他们用自来自来自来自去
They use their tail to push themselves through the water The larger whales can make very loud sounds.
他们用尾巴从水中冲出 大鲸鱼可以发出非常响亮的声音.
A blue whale makes.
有只蓝鲸在做
the loudest sound of any animal.
任何动物最响亮的声音
Sound is measured in units called decibels.
声音的测量单位叫分贝.
The sound of a blue whale can reach 150 decibels.
蓝鲸的声音可以达到150分贝.
In comparison,a jet engine is 110 decibels.
相比之下,一款喷气发动机为110分贝.
So whales are very noisy creatures.
所以鲸鱼是非常吵闹的生物。
A blue whale can be heard through the ocean for over.
蓝鲸通过海洋可以听到 超过。
1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) Two bottle-nosed dolphins leaping out of the ocean Some whales,such as dolphins,make a clicking sound.
1 600公里(1 000英里) 两只瓶口海豚从海洋中跳出 一些鲸鱼,如海豚,发出点击的声音。
The.
那个
sound bounces off objects and returns to the dolphin.
声音从物体上弹出 回到海豚身上
Dolphins.
海豚报.
use the echoes of sound to locate objects in the water.
利用声音的回声来定位水中物体.
Sperm.
斯per.
whales also use this method when hunting for fish and squid.
鲸鱼在捕取鱼和鱿鱼时也使用这种方法.
in deep,dark water Humpback whale Whale Behavior Whales spend much of their time diving below the water.
深处是暗水 倒背鲸鲸鲸鲸 大部分时间都在水下潜水
Whales store lots of oxygen in their blood and muscles.
鲸鱼将大量的氧气储存在血液和肌肉中.
When a.
当一.
whale dives,its heart slows down.
鲸鱼下潜,心跳减慢
This means it uses up less oxygen.
这意味着它使用更少的氧气。
Some whales can stay under water for a little less than an hour.
一些鲸鱼在水下停留的时间可略少于一小时.
Other whales can stay under for over an hour.
其他鲸鱼可以在水下停留一个多小时.
Deep-diving sperm whales can stay under for up to 80 minutes A pod of orcas swimming with dorsal fins exposed Whales usually swim in groups called pods.
深潜的精子鲸可以停留在下方长达80分钟,一个带多鱼翅出没的虎鲸群通常会以被叫作"被子"的群泳来游泳.
A pod consists of male and female whales of many different ages.
一个吊舱由许多不同年龄的雌雄鲸组成.
The young whales swim with their mothers.
幼鲸与母相游.
Some pods are smaller and consist only of.
有些舱位较小,仅由部分组成.
family members.
家庭成员。
Others are large and can have over 100 members Killer whale popping through the ice Many whales migrate to warm tropical waters in the winter.
还有一些是大型的,可以拥有超过100个成员 Killer鲸从冰上跳出 许多鲸鱼在冬季迁移到温暖的热带水域.
They go there to have their babies.
他们去那里生孩子。
In the summer they migrate.
在夏天,他们迁移。
to polar regions.
到极地地区。
They go to polar waters because of the rich.
他们去极地水域 因为富人。
source of food found there Whales often seem to cooperate.
在那里找到的食物来源 鲸鱼似乎经常合作。
with each other.
与相会相.
One type of cooperation is bubble.
一种合作是泡沫。
feeding.
供养.
When whales.
鲸鱼时.
bubble feed,they form a circle.
泡泡饲料,它们形成一圈.
They release.
他们释放。
bubbles from their.
从他们的气泡。
blowholes.
吹口风.
The bubbles.
出出出诸相.
make a curtain that traps.
做个陷阱的窗帘
small fish.
小鱼
Each whale takes.
每只鲸鱼都要吃
a turn eating fish inside the curtain Threatened Whales For years,whales were hunted for their meat and blubber.
在幕中吃鱼 威胁鲸鱼 多年来,鲸鱼被猎取出它们的肉和脂肪.
The blubber was used for lamp oil.
脂被用做灯油.
It was also used to make.
也用来作.
paint,soap,and cosmetics.
油漆 肥皂 化妆品
As ways of hunting improved,more and more whales were killed.
随着狩猎方式的改善,越来越多的鲸鱼被杀死.
Many types of whales were hunted.
许多种类的鲸鱼被猎取.
to near extinction Pollution of the oceans is also threatening whales.
海洋污染也威胁着鲸鱼。
Whales eat.
鲸吃.
fish that have toxic chemicals in their bodies.
体内含有有毒化学品的鱼。
As whales eat.
当鲸鱼吃。
more and more of these fish,they become poisoned.
这些鱼越来越多,它们会中毒
Scientists also think that noise pollution is interfering with long-distance whale communication Humpback whale showing large front flippers Efforts have been made to protect whales.
科学家也认为噪音污染 干扰了长途鲸鱼的通讯 突然出现大型前翻 已努力保护鲸鱼。
As a result,some types of whales are increasing in number.
因此,一些种类的鲸鱼的数量正在增加.
But whales reproduce slowly.
但是鲸鱼繁殖缓慢.
So it.
就这样
will take hundreds of years to get whale populations back to safe levels
鲸鱼种群要数百年才能恢复到安全水平