Mysterious Mars
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Gazing from Afar.
四从阿法尔出.
5 Taking a Closer Look.
5,仔细看看。
7 Looking for Answers.
7"寻找答案".
13 Glossary.
13 词汇。
16 Introduction Long ago, ancient people saw a bright red light in the sky.
导言 很久以前,古人看到天空有一道明亮的红光.
The Romans named this red light Mars, after their god of war.
罗马人以他们的战神来命名这个红光火星.
The name stuck, and we still use it today for the fourth planet in our solar system.
这个名字卡住了,今天我们仍然把它用于 太阳系的第四颗行星。
Mars was named after the Roman god of war, partly because of its red color.
火星以罗马战争之神命名,部分原因是其红色.
Gazing from Afar Ancient astronomers wondered what made Mars red.
Afar Ancient天文学家问火星红是什么?
Astronomers in the 1800s studied the planet through early telescopes.
1800年代的天文学家通过早期望远镜来研究该行星.
They found that Mars had polar ice caps just as Earth did.
他们发现火星有极地冰盖 就像地球一样
Parts of Mars were also covered with long lines that looked like a web of waterways.
火星的部分地区也被长线所覆盖,看起来像是水道网.
Ancient astronomers were able to tell the difference between stars and planets.
古代天文学家能够分辨出恒星和行星的区别.
Stars seemed to stay in the same place over time, while planets moved.
随着时间的流逝,恒星似乎会停留在同一个地方,而行星则会移动.
An Italian astronomer who discovered these lines in 1877 called them channels.
1877年发现这些台词的意大利天文学家称其为"道".
Channels are natural waterways.
海峡为天然水道.
People thought the astronomer said he saw canals.
人们以为天文学家说他看到了运河.
Canals are waterways built by people.
运河是人所建造的水道.
The mix-up led people to believe that intelligent beings built canals on Mars!
混沌导致人们相信有智慧的人在火星上建造了运河!
Were the channels on Mars really canals?
火星上的频道真的有运河吗?
Had they held water?
他们拿了水吗?
And why was Mars red?
为什么火星是红色的?
Scientists had many questions about the planet.
科学家们对地球有许多疑问。
Deep canyons carved into a crater rim are typical of channels caused by water flowing over rock.
被刻入陨坑环形山的深峡谷是典型的由从岩石上流出的水所形成的通道.
Taking a Closer Look In the 1960s, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began the Mariner missions to answer these questions.
仔细看看 20世纪60年代,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)开始水手任务来回答这些问题.
The Mariner 4 spacecraft traveled to Mars to take close-up pictures.
航海家号4号飞船前往火星拍摄特写相片.
The pictures showed that the “canals” were canyons.
照片显示,“运河”是峡谷。
This Martian canyon is 9 kilometers (6 mi.)
这座火星峡谷有9公里(6英里).
deep.
深处.
The patterns on its surface show that it may once have been covered by liquid water or ice.
其地表的图案显示,它可能曾经被液态水或冰所覆盖.
This Martian canyon has slopes created by lava and a rippled valley floor.
这座火星峡谷有由熔岩所形成的斜坡和被波及的山谷地层.
The Mariner 9 spacecraft showed that Mars had valleys and volcanoes.
航海家号9号飞船显示火星有山谷和火山.
One of the volcanoes is the largest on any planet in our solar system.
其中一个火山是太阳系中最大的行星
It is 26 kilometers (16 mi.)
这是26公里(16英里).
high and 500 kilometers (311 mi.)
高和500公里 (311米.
as Mount Everest!
像珠穆朗玛峰一样!
A view of the south polar cap of Mars A view of the channels on Mars taken by Mariner 9 Mariner 9 Mariner 9 was launched in 1971.
火星的南极地盖一览 1971年出道了由海军陆战队员9号海军陆战队员9号拍摄的火星上航道.
It was the first satellite to orbit Mars, and it stayed in orbit for nearly a year.
它是第一颗环绕火星运行的卫星,它在轨道上停留了将近一年.
During that time, it collected over seven thousand images, which allowed scientists to map most of the Martian surface.
在此期间,它收集了超过七千个图像,使科学家能够绘制火星地表的大部分地图.
Scientists also learned that the atmosphere on Mars is much thinner than Earth’s.
科学家也得知火星上的大气层比地球的薄得多.
It can’t filter the Sun’s harmful rays the way Earth’s atmosphere can.
它不能像地球大气层那样过滤太阳的有害射线。
Mars is also very cold, with an average temperature of −63° Celsius (−81°F).
火星也非常寒冷,平均温度为-63°C(-81°F).
Earth Mars Why is a Mars year almost twice as long as an Earth year?
地球火星 为什么火星年几乎是地球年的两倍?
A year is the amount of time it takes a planet to orbit the Sun.
一年是行星绕太阳运转的时间
Mars is farther away from the Sun than Earth is, so it has a longer distance to travel.
火星距离太阳比地球更远,因此其行走的距离也更长.
Its orbiting speed is also a bit slower than Earth’s.
它的轨道速度也比地球慢了一点。
This helped explain why the surface of Mars is so dry.
这帮助解释了为什么火星表面如此干燥.
Water freezes or evaporates in the dry, cold air of Mars.
水在火星干燥冷空气中会结冰或蒸发.
The dry soil and lack of water cause heavy dust storms on large areas of the planet.
干燥的土壤和缺水给地球大片地区造成了严重的尘暴.
Mars is much smaller than Earth, so why is the amount of land surface of these planets nearly the same?
火星比地球小得多,为什么这些行星的地表数量几乎相同?
Phobos Earth Deimos Mars The two Martian moons are called Phobos (FOH-bohs) and Deimos (DEE-mohs).
(原始内容存档于2018-10-21). Phobos Earth Deimos Mars 两颗火星卫星被称作"花花"(FOH-bohs)和"花花"(DEE-mohs).
These are Greek words meaning “fear” and “panic.”
这些是希腊语,意思是“恐惧”和“泛指”。
Phobos and Deimos were the twin sons of the Greek god of war, Ares.
普波斯和德伊摩斯是希腊战神阿瑞斯的双子.
Martian Moons Take a look at the picture of Earth below.
火星之月 看看下面的地球图
See all that blue?
看到那些蓝色吗?
Most of the Earth’s surface is covered by water.
地表大部分被水所覆盖.
Mars is a desert planet.
火星是一个沙漠星球。
Its surface is not covered by water.
其地表被水所覆盖.
In 1976, the Viking 2 rover landed on Mars and took samples of the surface.
1976年,"维京2"号漫游者登陆火星并取出地表样本.
It sent information back to scientists on Earth.
它向地球上的科学家发送了信息.
The scientists learned that the rusty red color was due to large amounts of iron, a metal, in the soil.
科学家们得知,生锈的红色颜色是由于土壤中大量铁,一种金属.
Viking also reported no signs of organic matter—the remains of living things.
维京人也报告说没有有机物的迹象——活物的遗迹.
Mars seemed to be a dry, desert planet.
火星似乎是个干燥的沙漠星球
The 1976 Viking mission was made up of two spacecraft.
1976年的维京任务由两艘航天器组成.
It was the first mission to land on the surface of Mars.
这是第一次在火星表面着陆的任务.
Both spacecraft looked for signs of life by testing soil samples.
两艘航天器都通过测试土壤样品来寻找生命迹象。
Viking Viking 2 arm collects a soil sample.
维京维京2臂采集出土壤样本.
Clouds of ice form around the canyons.
云结冰起相绕峡谷.
Scientists were still puzzled, though.
科学家们仍然很困惑
Canyons on Earth are formed by running water.
地球上的峡谷由自来水形成.
Mars looked like Earth without water.
火星看起来像没有水的地球
In 1997, the Mars Pathfinder also found rocks that seemed to have been shaped by water.
1997年,火星开拓者还发现了似乎是被水所塑造出形状的岩石.
Could Mars have had water long ago?
可以吗? 火星早就有水了吗?
Would I be weightless on Mars?
我会在火星上失去重量吗?
Mars Earth No, but you would weigh less because you would experience less than half the gravity you do on Earth.
火星地球 不,但是你体重会更轻,因为你经历的重力不到地球的一半。
Looking for Answers In 2003, the European Space Agency (ESA) launched the Mars Express.
2003年,欧洲航天局(欧空局)出动了"火星快车".
This spacecraft would orbit Mars and collect information about the planet.
该航天器将绕火星运行,并收集有关该行星的信息。
Just one month after arriving at Mars, Mars Express found ice at the planet’s south pole.
火星快车在到达火星一个月后,
This meant there was water on Mars.
这意味着火星上有水。
Curiosity, a car-sized rover, launched in 2011.
"好奇心"(英語:Curiosity)是一款于2011年推出的一款汽车大小的漫游车.
Its mission was to see if Mars could have supported small life-forms called microbes, and if humans could survive there someday!
它的任务是看看火星是否能够支持被称为微生物的小型活体,如果人类有一天能在那里生存下去!
The first sample of powdered rock taken by Curiosity’s drill Martian landscape photo taken by Curiosity on day 580 of the mission Curiosity For the next several years, the Mars Express studied the planet’s south pole.
好奇心号在任务好奇心号580日拍摄的火星地貌照片中, 拍摄了第一个粉状岩石样本,
In July 2018, European scientists said they had found a saltwater lake underneath about 2 kilometers (1 mi.)
2018年7月,欧洲科学家说,他们在约2公里(1米)以下发现了一盐水湖.
this lake is 20 kilometers (12 mi.)
这个湖有20公里(12英里)
wide.
宽度。
Scientists think there may be other lakes, too, that might even contain life.
科学家认为可能还有其他湖泊 甚至可能包含生命
In 2012 NASA sent the Curiosity rover to Mars.
2012年,NASA向火星发送了"好奇之旅".
Curiosity tested samples of the soil and air on Mars.
好奇心测试了火星上土壤和空气的样本.
The air samples contained a gas called methane.
空气样本中含有一种叫"甲烷"的气体.
On Earth, tiny living things called microbes make methane.
在地球上,被称为微生物的细小活物会生成甲烷.
Scientists wondered if the same might be true on Mars.
科学家想知道火星上是否也一样
How long is a day on Mars?
火星上的一天还要多久?
A Martian day is just a bit longer than an Earth day—24 hours and 37 minutes.
火星的一天比地球的一天长一点——24小时37分。
NASA’s Mars Exploration Programs Program Name Years Main Mission Mariner 1964–1972 Photographing the Martian surface and Martian moons Viking 1975–1982 Landing on Mars to collect soil samples Mars Pathfinder 1996–1997 Exploring the Martian surface Mars Phoenix 2007–2008 Examining the polar caps of Mars and the atmosphere Mars Odyssey 2001–present Mapping the Martian surface and measuring radiation Mars Science Laboratory (Curiosity) 2011–present Looking for signs of life on Mars Scientists can’t say for sure if life really did or does exist on Mars.
美国国家航空航天局的火星探测方案 拍摄火星地表和火星月球 维京 1975-1982 登陆火星采集土壤样本 1996-1997年火星开拓者 探索火星表面 火星凤凰 2007 - 2008 寻找火星科学家的生命迹象, 无法肯定火星是否真的存在。
More Mars missions are planned for 2020 and beyond.
计划在2020年及以后进行更多的火星飞行任务。
These missions will send rovers to look for signs of life.
这些任务会派骑兵去寻找生命迹象.
They will also gather information to see if it might be possible for people to someday live there.
他们还将收集信息,看看人们能否有一天在那里生活。
Perhaps one day, Mars will be inhabited by intelligent beings—from Earth!
也许有一天, 火星将会有来自地球的智慧生物居住!
Glossary astronomers (n.)
词汇天文学家(n.)
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