Gold Rush
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Gold!
内容金表!
4 Keeping a Secret.
4,保持一个秘密。
5 Panning.
5 普宁报.
6 The Forty-Niners.
6 四一涅盘.
8 Around the Tip.
8环绕提示。
8 Wagons Ho!
8个Wagons Ho!
9 The Losers, the Winners.
9 输者取胜.
12 Glossary.
12 词汇表。
16 Gold!
16金币!
It is January 1848.
这是1848年1月。
A man looks over the new mill his crew is building.
一个男人看着他手下的新磨坊
In the mill’s water, he spots something shiny.
在磨坊的水中,他发现了闪亮的东西。
He collects several pieces and shows his crew.
他收集了几块并展示了他的船员.
They test the pieces.
他们测试的碎片。
It’s gold!
这是黄金!
The man shows John Sutter, who owns the mill.
这个人给拥有磨坊的约翰·萨特看.
Sutter doesn’t want anyone else to know.
萨特不想让别人知道。
They agree to keep the secret: gold has been discovered in California.
他们同意保守秘密:黄金已经在加利福尼亚州被发现.
Sutter’s Mill, California Sutter’s Mill American River Thanks to John Sutter and the gold rush, Sacramento became a city in 1849.
萨特磨坊,加利福尼亚萨特磨坊美国河 由于约翰·萨特和淘金热,萨克拉门托于1849年成为了一座城市.
In 1854, it became the state capital.
1854年成为州府.
Keeping a Secret In 1848, the world was very different from today.
保密 1848年,世界与今天大相径庭.
There were no phones, TVs, or radios.
没有电话,电视,也没有收音机
There were no roads or railroads connecting California with the states back east.
没有道路或铁路连接加州和东部各州。
It took months to get a message from one coast to the other.
从一个海岸到另一个海岸 需要几个月的时间
Still, the secret got out when a man named Sam Brannan heard the news.
不过,当一个叫萨姆·布兰南的人听到这个消息时,这个秘密就出来了.
He wasn’t interested in mining.
他对采矿不感兴趣。
Instead, he bought all the shovels in San Francisco.
相反,他购买了旧金山所有的铲子.
He filled a bottle with gold dust.
他把一瓶金尘填满了
He ran through the streets, yelling about the great discovery.
他在街上跑来跑去,大叫着发现
Then he sold his shovels for a lot of money!
然后他为了很多钱卖了铲子!
Sam Brannan Panning Unlike in most places, the gold in California was not locked deep under the ground.
山姆·布兰南·潘宁(Sam Brannan Panning) 与大多数地方不同,加州的黄金并没有被锁入地底深处.
Erosion had long ago washed the metal down the mountains into the rivers.
侵蚀早已将金属冲下山去入河流.
All people needed to mine it was a shovel and a flat pan.
所有人需要开采的是铲子和平底锅
The prospectors stood in the rivers and shoveled gravel into their pans.
探矿者站在河流中,将砾石铲入锅中。
They removed large rocks, then carefully swirled the pan.
他们移除了大块岩石,然后仔细地旋转了锅.
Gold is much heavier than gravel.
黄金比砾石重得多.
The dirt and gravel spilled over the sides with the water.
泥土和砾石随水而溢出于两侧.
The shiny flakes of gold stayed at the bottom of the pan.
闪闪发亮的金片留在锅底
A prospector is someone who moves to a spot with the prospect, or possibility, of finding gold.
探矿者是指有寻找黄金前景或可能性的某个地点。
People from along the West Coast soon showed up to work the rivers near Sutter’s Mill.
来自西海岸的人们很快出现在萨特磨坊附近的河流上.
Next came prospectors from South America and Asia.
接下来是来自南美洲和亚洲的探矿者。
At that time, it was easier to get to California from China than from the East Coast.
当时,从中国到加州比从东海岸到加州更容易.
Slaves were sometimes forced to work mining California gold, such as in this 1852 photo.
奴隶有时被迫从事加利福尼亚金矿开采工作,例如这张照片中的1852年.
The Forty-Niners It took longer for people in the eastern states to hear about the gold.
四十九个 东部诸州人闻出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出入出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
They didn’t start coming west until 1849.
他们直到1849年才开始向西走来。
That year, ninety thousand people joined the gold rush.
当年,有9万人加入淘金热.
These were the forty-niners.
这些是四十九个
Nine out of ten of them were men.
其十有九为人.
Many couldn’t cook, wash a shirt, or build a shelter.
许多人无法做饭、洗上衣或建立避难所。
Many left behind families.
许多人留下了家庭。
They planned to quickly make a fortune and come home.
他们计划迅速发财回家.
Around the Tip About half of the forty-niners went by ship.
大约四十九个人中的一半坐船去了
The tickets were expensive.
车票很贵
The ships were crowded, the trip was boring, and many got sick.
船只拥挤,出行乏味,许多人生病.
Ships took from five to eight months to make the journey.
舰只花了5至8个月时间来进行出行.
Posters like this one advertised ships that would carry forty-niners from New York City to San Francisco.
像这样的海报 广告上刊登了40多艘 从纽约市到旧金山的船舶
Some decided to save time by cutting through the Panama jungle.
有些人决定通过切入巴拿马丛林来节省时间.
These forty- niners faced deadly snakes and bugs.
这49人面对致命的蛇和虫子.
Many fell ill.
许多人生病了。
If they made it across, they might wait weeks or months to catch a ship on the other side.
如果他们能渡过,他们可能要等几周或几个月才能在另一边接上一艘船.
Wagons Ho!
华刚!
It took about the same amount of time to get to California by wagon.
乘马车去加州的时间也差不多
Across the flat prairie, a wagon could go about 15 miles (24 km) on a good day.
在平地的草原上, 一辆马车可以在一天的好日子里走大约15英里(24公里).
Once they reached the mountains, the forty-niners had to get the wagons up them, across rivers, and down steep cliffs.
一旦他们到达了山上,四十九个人只好把马车抬上去,横穿了河流,并下起陡峭的悬崖来.
They crossed deserts.
他们穿越了沙漠。
Some also faced blizzards.
有些人还面临暴风雪.
For many, their greatest fear was fights with Native Americans, but death came from sickness, starvation, and accidents.
对许多人来说,他们最大的恐惧是与美洲原住民的战斗,但死亡来自疾病,饥饿和意外.
As they drove their wagons the 2,100 miles (3,380 km) to California, thousands of forty-niners died.
当他们驾着2,100英里(3,380公里)的马车去加州时,有上千名四十九人死亡.
By the fall of 1849, the trail was lined with dead oxen and graves.
至1849年秋天,出行道上铺有已死的牛和坟墓.
Artwork from 1850 shows a wagon train moving toward California by way of the Sierra Nevada mountains.
1850年的艺术作品显示,一辆马车列车经由内华达山脉驶向加利福尼亚州.
The Losers, the Winners For those who made it to California, life did not get easier.
失败者,胜利者 对于那些去加州的人来说,生活并没有变得更加容易.
The prospectors lived in mining camps made of tents and rough shelters.
探矿者住在由帐篷和粗糙住所组成的采矿营地。
They ate poorly.
他们吃得不好
They worked twelve hours a day digging gravel or breaking rocks with picks.
他们每天工作12小时,挖地石或用取料打碎岩石。
Many fell ill, but they kept working.
许多人生病了,但他们继续工作。
By one report, one in every five miners who came to California in 1849 was dead within six months.
根据一份报告,1849年来加州的每5名矿工中就有1人在6个月内死亡.
Gold miners stand in their camp at El Dorado, California, around 1850.
1850年左右,黄金矿工站在加利福尼亚州埃尔多拉多的营地.
Prices Gone Wild Forty-niners could get what they wanted.
价格暴走40宁 可以得到他们想要的。
if they could pay for it.
如果他们能付钱的话
Here’s what some items sold for in 1849 San Francisco.
有些物品在1849年旧金山出售。
The last column shows what those prices would look like in 2016.
最后一栏显示2016年这些价格将是什么样子。
Source: The Rush: America's Fevered Quest for Fortune, 1848–1853, by Edward Dolnick Some early prospectors were successful.
资料来源:The Rush:美国Fevered Quest for Fortune, 1848–1853, Edward Dolnick著 一些早期探矿者取得了成功。
However, more people made their fortune by selling to the miners.
然而,更多的人通过向矿工出售来赚钱。
Sam Brannan became one of the first millionaires in America.
萨姆·布兰南成为了美国最早的百万富翁之一.
Levi Strauss made his fortune selling pants tough enough to handle the work—blue jeans.
李维·施特劳斯(Levi Strauss)让自己的财富 卖得够硬的裤子 足以应付工作 蓝色牛仔裤
Many women started businesses that served the prospectors.
许多妇女创办了为探矿者服务的企业。
Levi’s jeans were popular by the 1880s.
Levi的牛仔裤被1880年代所流行.
Here, two miners wear theirs outside an underground mine.
在这里,两个矿工穿 他们的地铁矿外。
The biggest winner was the United States.
最大的赢家是美国.
The gold rush brought about three hundred thousand people to California in just a few years.
淘金热在短短几年内就把约30万人带到了加州.
In 1850, California became a state.
1850年,加利福尼亚州成为一个州.
By 1863, the country began building the railroad that would link East and West.
到1863年,该国开始修建连接东西方的铁路.
Today, California has more people than any of the other forty-nine states.
今天,加利福尼亚州的人口比其他49个州都多.
It has a huge economy.
它拥有巨大的经济。
And it still lives up to its nickname: the Golden State.
并活到它的外号:"金州".