Mount Rushmore
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents A Big Idea for America.
内容列表 美国大思想.
4 An American Message.
4 美国信息。
6 Blasting Through Rock.
6从石头上爆出
8 A Tough Job Pays Off.
8,一个艰难的工作支付关闭。
10 Mount Rushmore Today.
今日十地罗什摩.
12 Crazy Horse Memorial.
12疯马纪念馆.
13 Looking Ahead.
13 望远.
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
15 Index.
15 指数。
16 A Big Idea for America In the early 1900s, the United States of America was growing fast.
16 美国的大思想 1900年代初,美国发展迅速.
Many people were settling in the West, but many more had not yet visited the area.
许多人正在西方定居,但更多的人尚未访问该地区。
In 1924, a member of the South Dakota Historical Society had an idea.
1924年,南达科他州历史学会会士有思想.
He thought a huge memorial carved from rock would bring visitors to the area.
他认为从岩石上雕刻出的巨大纪念物会带来游客来这个地区.
And he knew just the sculptor for the job.
他只认识这个工作的雕塑家
He asked an artist named Gutzon Borglum to help.
他请了一位叫古松·博格勒姆的艺术家帮忙.
Borglum suggested a memorial that would show faces of American presidents.
Borglum建议设立一个纪念馆,展示美国总统的面相.
After a year of searching for the right place to carve a memorial, he found Mount Rushmore.
在寻找了合适的地方来雕刻纪念地一年后,他发现了拉什莫尔山.
It was in an area called the Black Hills.
在一个叫"黑山"的地方
The area had a special kind of rock called granite that was good for carving.
该地区有一种特殊的叫花岗岩的岩石,对雕刻很有用.
An American Message Borglum thought about which presidents’ faces should be carved into the rock.
一个美国留言Borglum认为应该把哪些总统的面孔刻入岩石中。
He wanted to show the strength of America through each person.
他想通过每个人展示美国的力量.
First, he chose George Washington because he was the first president.
首先,他选择了乔治·华盛顿,因为他是第一任总统.
Second, he chose Thomas Jefferson because he purchased land from France that doubled the size of the United States.
其次他选择了托马斯·杰斐逊,因为他从法国购买了比美国大一倍的土地.
George Washington Thomas Jefferson Gutzon Borglum practiced by carving this Abraham Lincoln head before starting on Mount Rushmore.
乔治·华盛顿 托马斯·杰斐逊·古特松·博格勒姆(英语:Thomas Jefferson Gutzon Borglum)在从拉什莫尔山开始前,先用雕刻这把亚伯拉罕·林肯的头颅来练习.
Third, he chose Abraham Lincoln because he led the country during the difficult Civil War.
第三,他选择了亚伯拉罕·林肯,因为他在艰难的内战期间领导了国家.
Finally, he chose Theodore Roosevelt because he had the United States build an important waterway in Central America.
最后,他选择西奥多·罗斯福是因为他让美国在中美洲建造了一条重要的水道.
This waterway, the Panama Canal, made travel faster between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
这条水道——巴拿马运河使太平洋和大西洋之间的航程更快.
Roosevelt was also a special choice because he had a home in South Dakota.
罗斯福也是一个特殊的选择,因为他在南达科他州有家.
Blasting Through Rock Carving a work of art into rock is no easy job!
将一出艺术作品刻入摇滚并非易事!
First, Borglum made smaller models of each president.
首先,博格勒姆为每位总统制作了更小的模型.
Then the models were carried up Mount Rushmore for workers to copy.
随后模型被抬上拉什莫尔山,供工人复制.
Dynamite was used to blast away rock.
火药用来炸出岩石
Finally, workers were lowered down the mountain on cables to drill shapes out of the rocks.
最后,工人被下山用电缆钻出岩石的形状.
Abraham Lincoln Theodore Roosevelt Workers on the Mount Rushmore memorial.
拉什莫尔山纪念碑上的亚伯拉罕·林肯·西奥多·罗斯福工人.
Workers had many problems.
工人有很多问题。
One day they blasted an area of rock for Thomas Jefferson’s nose.
有一天,他们为托马斯·杰斐逊的鼻子炸出一块石头。
The workers found a split in the rock.
工人在岩石上发现了一分一分.
So the position of Jefferson’s head had to be changed.
因此杰斐逊的头部位置必须改变.
The crack was patched and now falls across Jefferson’s cheek instead of his nose, where it could break.
裂缝被缝合,现在掉到杰斐逊的脸颊上,而不是鼻子上,它可能断裂。
A T ough Job Pays Off Other problems had to be overcome when carving Mount Rushmore.
工作报酬 在雕刻拉什莫尔山时,其他问题必须克服.
The United States had hard times during a period called the Great Depression.
美国在一个被称为"大萧条"的时期经历了艰难时期.
During this time, there was not much money for the memorial.
期间,纪念馆经费不多.
Work had to stop many times and then restart when more money was raised.
工程不得不多次停工,然后在筹集到更多资金后重新开始.
Workers carving Abraham Lincoln’s face.
工人雕刻亚伯拉罕·林肯相貌.
Gutzon Borglum and some of his crew.
Gutzon Borglum和他的一些船员。
During the Depression when many Americans could not find work, the 400 crew members were happy to have jobs.
在萧条时期,许多美国人找不到工作,这400名船员很高兴有工作.
The Mount Rushmore memorial took twelve years to complete.
拉什莫尔山纪念馆耗时12年才完工.
Crews spent a few more years on finishing touches.
船员花了几年时间完成触摸。
Sadly, Borglum died before the final touches were finished.
可悲的是,博格勒姆在最后触摸完成之前就已经去世了.
Mount Rushmore T oday Mount Rushmore has changed over the years.
拉什莫尔山 托德·拉什莫尔山在过去几年中发生了变化。
Roads have been built to lead visitors to the memorial.
已修建了道路来引导参观者前往纪念碑.
A special theater was also built at the bottom of the mountain.
在山下也建造了一座特别剧院.
More than two and a half million people visit Mount Rushmore every year.
每年有250多万人访问拉什莫尔山。
More than two million of them visit during the months of June, July, and August.
其中200多万人在6月、7月和8月来访。
Complete 1941 Great Depression Begins Washington is president Jefferson is president Lincoln is president Roosevelt is president Work starts Borglum dies Mount Rushmore Timeline The pile of rocks at the bottom of Mount Rushmore was carved from the memorial.
1941年大萧条 华盛顿是杰斐逊总统 林肯是总统 罗斯福是总统 工作开始 Borglum dies Mount Rushmore Timeline 拉什莫尔山地底堆积的岩石由纪念地雕刻而成.
Looking Ahead Each year the Mount Rushmore Memorial is cleaned and checked for cracks and damage.
每年拉什莫尔山纪念馆清理并检查裂缝和损坏情况。
Rock wears away naturally over time, so the memorial must be fixed often.
岩石会随着时间的推移自然地磨损而去,所以纪念地必须经常被固定.
Repair crews use a special material to fill cracks and repair rock.
修理人员使用特殊材料来填充裂缝并修复岩石.
Workers hang from cables the same way the original crews did in the 1930s.
工人们在电缆上挂起和20世纪30年代最初的船员一样.
A model in front shows what the Crazy Horse memorial will look like when it’s finished.
前面的模型显示疯马纪念馆竣工后会是什么样子。
A short distance from the face of Mount Rushmore stands Thunderhead Mountain.
距离拉什莫尔山面部有很短的距离站雷头山.
In 1940, Chief Henry Standing Bear asked a sculptor to carve a Sioux memorial into the mountain.
1940年,总兵亨利站立 小熊请一雕刻师将苏州纪念地刻入山.
The sculptor chose to carve the great Sioux leader, Crazy Horse.
雕塑家选择雕刻出伟大的苏族领袖"疯狂马".
This memorial represents the importance of Native Americans in U.
这个纪念碑代表了美国原住民在U的重要性.
S.
师曰.
history.
历史
Crazy Horse Memorial Cracks in the rock may fill with water and freeze over the winter.
岩石中的疯马纪念裂缝可能充满了水并被冻住过冬.
The ice then expands and breaks the rock.
冰层再膨胀并打破了岩石.
Glossary Black Hills a mountain range in South Dakota and Wyoming (p.
词汇 Black Hills是南达科他州和怀俄明州的一座山脉 (p.
5) Civil War war between the Northern and Southern United States from 1861 to 1865 (p.
5) 1861年至1865年美国南北战争 (p.
7) generations the people who are born and live at about the same time (p.
7) 代相生而相生相生(p.
15) granite a hard, light-colored rock used for monuments and buildings (p.
15)花岗岩是一块硬的,浅色的岩石,用于纪念物和建筑(p.
5) Great an economic crisis that started in Depression 1929 and lasted through the 1930s (p.
5) 大经济危机 从1929年萧条开始,持续到1930年代(p.
10) memorial something that represents the memory of people, events, and places (p.
10) 纪念能代表人们记忆,事件,和地点的东西(p.
4) original the first of its kind (p.
4) 原创首作(p.
14) Panama the shipping canal connecting the Canal Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (p.
14)巴拿马连接大西洋运河和太平洋的航运运河(p.
7) preserve to keep from ruin (p.
7) 保持不至于被破坏(p.
15) sculptor an artist who shapes wood, clay, stone, metal, or other material (p.
15) 雕塑家,会塑造出木材,粘土,石头,金属等材料的艺术家(p.
4) Today, technology helps to preserve the memorial.
4)今天,技术有助于维护纪念碑.
Special computers find areas where the memorial needs to be fixed.
特殊电脑会发现纪念馆需要修补的地区.
This care will make sure the memorial is around for future generations to see.
这种关心会确保纪念馆在周围供后人观看.