The Judicial Branch
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Ruled by Laws.
法律规定的内容表。
4 The Constitution and the Judicial Branch.
4 《宪法》和司法部门。
6 How the Federal Courts Work.
6 联邦法院如何运作。
10 Lady Justice.
10 正义女神。
14 Glossary.
14 词汇表。
16 Ruled by Laws Americans do not bow down to a king or queen.
16 由法律统治的美国人不屈服于国王或女王.
A single leader does not tell us what we can say or do.
只有一位领导人不能告诉我们我们能说什么或做什么。
We are ruled by laws.
我们是受法律支配的
These laws protect us and help make sure everyone is treated fairly.
这些法律保护我们,帮助确保每个人都得到公平待遇。
Judges may use a gavel to call the court to attention.
法官可使用电筒提请法院注意。
People do not always follow laws or agree about what is fair.
人们并不总是遵守法律或同意什么是公平的。
We have courts of law to punish those who break laws and to settle disagreements.
我们有法庭来惩罚违法者并解决分歧。
The judicial branch is one part of the United States government.
司法部门是美国政府的一部分.
It watches over our country’s courts and legal system.
它监督着我国的法院和法律制度。
It also protects our rights.
它还保护我们的权利。
Lawyers from both sides of a case speak before a jury.
案件双方的律师在陪审团面前发言。
A jury is a group of people who are picked to hear a case.
陪审团是一群被挑选来审理案件的人.
The Constitution and the Judicial Branch In 1788, American leaders adopted the Constitution of the United States.
1788年"宪法"和"司法部门",美国领导人通过了"美国宪法".
The Constitution was a system of laws to help run the new country.
《宪法》是一个有助于管理新国家的法律制度。
This system has changed over time, but it is still used today.
随着时间的推移,这一系统发生了变化,但今天仍在使用。
American leaders plan the Constitution in 1787.
美国领导人于1787年计划了宪法.
The Constitution splits the U.
宪法瓜分了U.
S.
师曰.
House of Representatives.
众议院.
It makes laws and stands for U.
它制定法律,代表U.
S.
师曰.
citizens in the government.
公民在政府。
The judicial branch watches over U.
司法部门监视着U
S.
师曰.
courts and the legal system.
法院和法律制度。
Supreme Court Other Federal Courts The Senate The House of Representatives LEGISLATIVE BRANCH The President The Vice President The Cabinet EXECUTIVE BRANCH JUDICIAL BRANCH The Three Branches of Government Sometimes the different branches work together.
最高法院 其他联邦法院 参议院 众议院 政府的三个部门有时会合作。
At other times, they work against each other.
彼时相作相作相.
One part of the Constitution talks about the judicial branch and how it is set up.
《宪法》的一部分涉及司法部门及其设立方式。
The country’s courts handle federal laws that get broken.
国家法院负责违反的联邦法律。
They also help decide whether new laws follow the ideas in the Constitution.
它们还有助于决定新的法律是否遵循《宪法》中的思想。
However, people sometimes disagree about what the Constitution means and what it allows.
然而,人们有时对宪法的含义和允许的内容持不同意见.
The first three parts of the Constitution talk about the three branches and split their power evenly.
《宪法》的前三部分谈到三个分支,并平均分权。
Checks and Balances The legislative branch checks the judicial branch because it can remove judges from office.
检查和结余 立法部门检查司法部门,因为它可以解除法官的职务。
The judicial branch makes sure Congress’s laws follow the Constitution.
司法部门确保国会的法律遵循宪法。
Under the Constitution, each of the three branches of government can stop, or “check,” the other two.
根据《宪法》,政府三个分支的每个分支都可以停止,或“检查”其他两个分支。
This system of checks and balances is an important part of the Constitution.
这种制衡制度是宪法的重要组成部分.
It helps keep one branch from having too much power.
它能防止一个分支拥有太多的力量.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH The executive branch checks the judicial branch by picking judges.
立法部门 行政部门通过挑选法官来检查司法部门。
The judicial branch also checks the executive branch.
司法部门还检查行政部门。
It makes sure the president’s orders follow the Constitution.
让总统的命令符合宪法。
EXECUTIVE BRANCH The legislative branch checks the executive branch.
执行理事会 立法部门检查行政部门。
It controls the budget and can remove a president from office.
它控制预算,可以解除总统的职务.
The executive branch can check the legislative branch.
行政部门可以检查立法部门.
It can veto a bill so it can’t become law.
政府可以否决法案,
With enough votes, Congress can vote down a veto.
如果有足够的选票,国会可以否决。
JUDICIAL BRANCH How the Federal Courts Work The judicial branch is made up of lower federal courts across the country and the Supreme Court in Washington, D.
司法机构 联邦法院如何运作 司法部门由全国的下级联邦法院和华盛顿特区的最高法院组成.
C.
C组
All courts are run by judges.
所有法院都由法官管理。
Cases can move up through the lower federal courts, shown on the left, to the U.
案件可以通过联邦下级法院向上移动,在左边显示,到U.
S.
师曰.
Supreme Court.
最高法院。
They can also come from state courts, shown on the right.
他们也可以来自州法院,在右侧显示。
This can happen if a state court has a case that deals with federal law.
如果州法院有涉及联邦法律的案件,就可能发生这种情况。
Most U.
多数U.
S.
师曰.
court cases start in a lower court.
法院案件从下级法院开始审理。
The side that loses a case may ask a higher federal court to review the decision.
败诉一方可以要求上级联邦法院复审裁决.
The higher court studies the case and decides whether the first court made any mistakes.
上级法院对案件进行研究并裁定第一法院是否犯了任何错误.
However, it may agree with the first court.
但是,法院可以同意初审法院的意见。
The side that loses in the higher court can ask the Supreme Court to review the case.
在上一级法院败诉的一方可以要求最高法院复审案件.
In the higher federal courts, a team of three judges listens to a case.
在高级联邦法院,一个由三名法官组成的小组听取一个案件。
They decide whether they agree or disagree with the lower court’s decision.
他们决定是否同意下级法院的裁决。
The Supreme Court is the top court in the country.
最高法院是全国的最高法院。
Judges known as justices decide whether a case is important enough for them to review.
被称为法官的法官决定案件是否足够重要,以便他们审查。
When they agree to review a case, they study it carefully.
当他们同意复审一个案件时,他们会仔细研究.
Then they vote on the case to choose the winning side.
之后他们投票决定案件选择胜出一方.
Their choice is final.
他们的选择是最终的。
A Supreme Court decision can help shape the U.
最高法院的裁决可以帮助塑造U.
S.
师曰.
government and the lives of all Americans.
政府和所有美国人的生活
Supreme Court Cases Each year, the Supreme Court is asked to hear about 7,500 cases.
每年,最高法院被要求审理大约7 500起案件。
The court usually works on fewer than 150 of them.
宫廷一般只用不到150个.
John Marshall (served 1801–1835): He served as chief justice for longer than anyone else in Supreme Court history.
约翰·马歇尔(1801–1835): 他在最高法院历史上担任首席大法官的时间比任何其他人都长.
Earl Warren (served 1953–1969): Under Warren’s leadership, the court worked toward equal rights for African American people.
厄尔·沃伦(英语:Earl Warren (service 1953–1969):在沃伦的领导下,法院努力实现非裔美国人的平等权利.
Thurgood Marshall (served 1967–1991): Marshall became the first African American Supreme Court justice.
Thurgood Marshall(1967-1991年保留):Marshall成为第一位非裔美国最高法院法官.
Sandra Day O’Connor (served 1981– 2006): O’Connor became the first female Supreme Court justice.
桑德拉·戴·奥康纳(1981-2006年): 奥康纳成为第一位女性最高法院法官.
Sonia Sotomayor (served 2009–): Sotomayor became the first Hispanic Supreme Court justice.
索尼娅·索托马约尔(2009-): 索托马约尔成为首位西班牙裔最高法院法官.
There are nine justices on the Supreme Court, including the chief justice.
最高法院有9名法官,包括首席法官。
Important justices who have been on the Supreme Court include: Notable Chief Justices Lady Justice Lady Justice is a figure that stands for the judicial branch.
最高法院的重要法官包括: 著名的首席大法官 女法官 女法官是司法部门的代表人物
She holds a set of scales and a sword, and she wears a blindfold to show that she is fair.
她拿着一套天秤和一把剑,她还戴着眼罩来显示自己是公平的.
She is ready to defend justice.
她准备捍卫正义。
Lady Justice first appeared in Roman art.
"女法官"最早出现在了罗马艺术中.
The judicial branch is in charge of the United States justice system.
司法部门负责美国司法系统。
The creators of the Constitution knew that a good justice system was important for their new country.
《宪法》的制定者知道,良好的司法制度对他们的新国家很重要。
It gives people peaceful ways to settle disagreements.
它为人们和平解决分歧提供了途径。
Above all, it helps protect the rights of Americans.
首先,它有助于保护美国人的权利。
People can sit in the courtroom of the Supreme Court and listen to the judges talk about cases.
人们可以坐在最高法院的法庭上,听法官谈论案件.
Glossary Constitution (n.)
术语汇编(n.)
(n.)
(无)