Wild Horses
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 Where Did Wild Horses Come From?
四野马从哪里来?
6 Life of a Wild Horse.
6野马之生.
8 Protecting Wild Horses.
8,保护野马.
11 Wild Horses Today.
11野马今日.
13 Glossary.
13 词汇。
16 Introduction Long ago, huge herds of horses ran across the plains of the American West.
16 导言 很久以前,一大批巨型马跑过美国西部平原.
There may have been millions—so many that early maps simply named the area “Wild Horses.”
可能已经有上百万,如此之多的早期地图只是将该地区取名为"野马". “
Wild horses run across parts of Wyoming today much as they did long ago.
野马在今天穿越了怀俄明州的部分地区,就像他们很久以前一样.
Thousands of horses still run free.
上千匹马仍然自由奔跑.
They roam the West in herds, usually far from people.
他们以牧群来游走西方,通常远离人.
These wild horses are called mustangs.
这些野马被称作"野马".
How Many Wild Horses?
有多少野马?
Most wild horses in the West are handled by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), a government agency that also manages the wild lands that most of the wild horses live on.
西部大部分野生马由土地管理局(BLM)处理,这个政府机构也管理大部分野生马所居住的野地.
In 2013, the BLM managed a total of 33,780 wild horses.
2013年,BLM共管理了33,780匹野马.
CALIFORNIA PACIFIC OCEAN ARIZONA COLORADO NEW MEXICO UNITED STATES WYOMING NEVADA MONTANA WASHINGTON IDAHO OREGON UTAH Word Wise Mustangs got their name from the Spanish word mesteño, which means “stray animal.”
美国新墨西哥州加利福尼亚州 Word Wise Mustangs从西班牙语中的mesteño一词得到名字,意思是“畜生”。 “
Where Did Wild Horses Come From?
野马从哪里来?
When Spanish explorers crossed the Atlantic Ocean five hundred years ago, they brought their horses.
西班牙探险家500年前穿越大西洋时,他们带来了他们的马.
Over time, the Spanish left behind some horses.
随着时间的推移,西班牙人留下了一些马.
Other horses ran off.
其他的马跑了
The horses learned to live free as wild animals across the American plains.
马匹学会了像野兽一样在美国平原上自由生活.
In this painting, Native Americans are amazed to see a horse for the first time.
在这幅画中,美洲原住民第一次见到一匹马感到惊讶.
Some Native Americans thought the man and the horse were one animal.
一些美洲原住民认为他和马是一头动物.
Over time, Native Americans tamed some of the wild horses.
随着时间的推移,美洲原住民驯服了部分野马.
So did cowboys, who used horses to move large herds of cattle across the land.
牛仔们也一样,他们用马将一大批牛群搬过陆地.
Other settlers used horses to help with the hard work of making new homes in the West.
其他定居者用马来帮助在西方建造新家园的辛勤工作.
Once again, many of these tamed horses ran off.
再一次,许多被驯服的马跑掉了.
Others were left behind when people no longer needed them.
其他人则在人们不再需要时被抛在后头。
Again, they joined herds in the wild.
他们再次加入了野外的牧群
In this nineteenth-century painting by George Catlin, an Osage Indian captures a wild horse.
在乔治·克特林所绘的这幅十九世纪的画作中,一幅奥萨奇印第安人取出一匹野马.
Life of a Wild Horse Wild horses live in herds, or “bands.”
野马之生 野马以牧群为生,或作"带". “
An adult male horse, called a stallion, leads each herd.
一只成年雄马,被称作"一匹马",带领了每个牧群.
The stallion is the mate of several female horses, or mares, who stay with the herd.
种马是多只雌马或马儿的配种,它们和种马在一起.
A wild stallion in Montana prepares to charge.
蒙大拿州的野生马匹准备充电
Stallions often charge other stallions that intrude into their territory.
种马常常会收买进入自己领地的其他种马.
Young horses are called foals.
幼马被叫作花花.
When the foals are a few years old, they leave to join a new herd.
花al几出后出走入一新群.
By playing together, young male horses learn how to grow into stallions that can start their own herds.
通过一起玩耍,年轻的雄马学会了如何成长为可以开始自己牧群的马.
Young females leave their herds to become the mates of these new stallions.
年轻的雌性为了成为这些新种马的伴侣而出走.
A wild pinto foal eats grass beside its mother.
野生的平托花果在它的妈妈旁边吃草.
Pinto means spotted in Spanish.
平托的意思是发现在西班牙语中。
It refers to the white pattern on both horses’ coats.
它指的是两匹马的外衣上白色的图案.
Wild Horses by the Sea Wild horses often make people think of the American West, but wild horses also live in the East.
海边的野马会经常让人想到美国西部,但野马也会活在东方.
Two wild herds live on opposite ends of Assateague Island, off the coast of Maryland and Virginia.
两只野生群活在阿萨特阿格岛的对面,马里兰州和弗吉尼亚州近海.
Life by the ocean is hard.
海边的生活很艰难
These horses eat tough marsh plants and know how to survive the stormy weather.
这些马会吃坚硬的沼泽地植物,并知道如何活过暴风雨天气.
Wild horses mainly eat grass, but sometimes they also browse for leaves.
野马主要吃草,但有时也为取叶而浏览.
One mare leads the herd to food, water, and shelter.
一只母马将牲畜引向食物、水和住所。
The stallion follows behind to watch for danger.
种马跟随后去观察危险.
Each herd stays together to raise young horses and help the group.
每个牧群会一起养活年轻的马来帮助这个团体.
Protecting Wild Horses In the West, people once depended on tame horses.
保护野马 在西方,人们曾经依赖驯服马匹.
After the West was settled, they began to think of wild horses as pests.
西域平定后,开始将野马视为害虫.
Some of the wild horses were killed so cows and sheep would have more grass to eat.
有的野马被杀死,因此牛和羊会有更多的草吃.
Others were gathered up and sold for meat.
其他人被收集起来并被卖去吃肉。
In 1925, Hollywood came to southeastern Montana.
1925年,好莱坞来到蒙大拿州东南部.
A casting director rounded up five hundred wild horse “extras” for a movie.
一名导演将500匹野马“extras”围成电影。
In 1971, a law was passed to protect wild horses from harm by humans.
1971年,通过一项法律来保护野马免受人类的伤害.
That law is the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act.
这部法律是《野生自由骑马和伯罗斯法案》。
(Burros are wild donkeys.)
(婆罗为野驴.
Since then, the number of free wild horses in the United States has grown twice as large.
此后,美国自由野马的数量增长了两倍.
Now, thousands of wild horses roam free in ten western states.
现在,有上千匹野马 在西部10个州自由出行
Horse Hero For years, wild horses were caught and killed by the hundreds.
马英雄 数年来,野马被百人所捕杀.
Then along came a Nevada woman named Velma Johnston, nicknamed “Wild Horse Annie.”
之后,一名名叫Velma Johnston的内华达州妇女被昵称为“野马安妮”。 “
Thousands of schoolchildren joined Wild Horse Annie to write letters to Congress.
上千名学童加入野马安妮,向国会写信.
Thanks to them, the law protects wild horses today.
多亏了他们 法律今天保护了野马
Velma Johnston stands with one of the mustangs she rescued, around 1976.
维尔玛·约翰斯顿与她所救出的一个野马站在一起,大约是1976年.
Wild Horses Today Although wild horses in the United States are protected by law, herds can grow too quickly.
今天的野马 尽管美国的野马受到法律保护,但牧群的生长可能过快.
So for now, hundreds of horses are caught and removed from the wild each year.
因此,目前每年有上百匹马被捕获并被从野外取出.
Some of them are adopted by people who will take care of them.
有的由照顾他们的人收养.
Horses that don’t find homes right away sometimes wait in fenced areas called corrals.
无法马上找到家的马有时会在被栅栏围起来的地方等待,
Others go to live in wild horse sanctuaries where they still have wide spaces to roam.
其他人则去野马疗养所居住,在那里仍然有广阔的空间可以漫游.
A helicopter herds horses toward a fence in Colorado.
直升机群马向科罗拉多州的栅栏跑去
Experts disagree about whether or not helicopters should be used in roundups.
专家对是否应当使用直升机进行围捕意见不一.
The Black Hills Wild Horse Sanctuary In 1988, Oregon rancher Dayton Hyde bought some land near Hot Springs, South Dakota.
黑山野马保护区 1988年 俄勒冈州牧场主代顿 海德在南达科他州的温泉附近购买了部分地皮.
Then he convinced the Bureau of Land Management—the federal agency that oversees wild horses—to send him the horses they couldn’t find homes for.
然后他说服土地管理局——监督野马的联邦机构——将他们找不到的马送给他。
He took horses that, in his words, were “either too old, too ugly, or too independent” for adoption and gave them a new, wide-open home in the Black Hills.
他收走用他的话来说是“太老、太丑或太独立”的马来收养,并给了它们在黑山上一个新的、宽敞的家。
A number of other sanctuaries around the country also protect wild horses.
国内其它多处圣所也保护了野马.
Many give tours that raise money to help pay for the care of the horses.
许多人提供巡回演出,募集资金帮助支付照顾马匹的费用.
Many people are working to make sure some wild horses can always run free.
许多人正在努力确保一些野马总是可以自由跑.
They are why beautiful herds can still thunder across the West—the land those herds call home.
这就是为什么美丽的牧群 仍然可以雷声 在整个西部—— 那些牧群 称为家园的土地。
Science and the Wild Herds can double in size every four years.
科学和野生畜群每四年可以翻一番.
Scientists have created a special shot that keeps wild mares from having so many babies.
科学家们创造了一个特别的镜头 让野马们不再生这么多孩子
This tool may help keep herds smaller so fewer horses must be captured from the wild.
这个工具可以帮助使牧群变小,因此从野外捕获的马必须减少.
Wild mares are released back into their Wyoming range after getting a shot that helps keep wild horse numbers down.
野马被放回他们的怀俄明射程 在射出一个能帮助保持野马数的镜头后