Tornadoes
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 How Tornadoes Form.
4 龙卷风的形式。
5 Measuring Tornadoes.
5 测量 " 旋风 " 。
8 Where Tornadoes Form.
8 龙卷风的形式。
9 Tornado Safety.
9"龙卷风安全".
12 Conclusion.
12 结论。
15 Glossary.
15 词汇。
16 Introduction What can lift roofs from buildings and sweep houses into the air?
导言 怎样才能从建筑物上抬起屋顶,把房屋扫入空中?
Tornadoes can!
龙卷风可以!
Tornadoes come in many sizes.
龙卷风的大小很多
Some tornadoes measure only a few feet (1 meter) across.
一些龙卷风仅能测量出几英尺(1公尺)的高度.
Others are more than a mile (1.
其他的则超过一英里(1.
6 km) wide.
宽6km).
Some tornadoes touch down for a short period of time.
一些龙卷风在短时间内触倒.
Others travel for hundreds of miles.
其人出行数百里.
A powerful tornado that hit St.
一场强大的龙卷风袭击了圣塔.
Louis, Missouri, in 2011 almost tore the roof off this home and turned over an SUV in the driveway.
2011年,密苏里州的路易斯几乎把屋顶从这所房子里撕开,并在车道上翻了一辆SUV.
How Tornadoes Form Why do tornadoes happen?
旋风如何形成 为什么会发生龙卷风?
Scientists aren’t sure.
科学家并不确定。
They know that strong tornadoes come from huge thunderstorms called supercells.
他们知道强烈的龙卷风来自被称作"超级细胞"的巨大雷暴.
These storms form when warm, moist air rises in the atmosphere and mixes with cold, dry air.
这些风暴在大气中温暖而潮湿的空气升起并和冷干燥的空气相混合后形成.
Scientists think that in some supercells, the mixture of air at different temperatures causes the air to spin.
科学家认为,在一些超细胞中,不同温度下空气的混合会使空气旋转.
The spinning air forms a cloud in a funnel shape.
旋转的空气以漏斗形状形成一团云.
When the funnel touches the ground, it becomes a tornado.
漏斗入地后会变成龙卷风.
A supercell thunderstorm moves across Nebraska in June 2004, leaving a few tornadoes in its path.
2004年6月一场超级细胞雷暴穿越了内布拉斯加州,留下了几场龙卷风.
Some scientists think that tornadoes happen in order to balance the temperature and moisture in the air.
一些科学家认为龙卷风的出现是为了平衡空气中的温度和水分.
This funnel cloud eventually became a strong tornado that hit Kansas in 2004 with hail as large as softballs.
这种漏斗云最终成为了2004年袭击堪萨斯州的强烈龙卷风,冰雹和垒球一样大.
How a Tornado Forms supercell thundercloud rain and hail begin to fall warm air rises air spinscool airmoves in air keeps spinning inside the thundercloud air spinning funnel cloud the funnel cloud touches down and travels over land flying debris the tornado damages anything in its path Measuring Tornadoes Scientists are still studying the causes of tornadoes, but they have a system to estimate their strength.
龙卷风如何形成超细胞 雷云和冰雹如何开始降下温暖的空气 空气中旋转的旋涡气动 不断在雷云中旋转
They use a special scale called the Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale.
它们使用一种叫"强化藤田"(EF)尺度的特殊尺度.
It uses wind speed to rate a tornado’s strength.
它利用风速来测出龙卷风的强度.
Scientists look at the damage caused by a tornado to estimate wind speed.
科学家们看一看龙卷风所造成的损害来估计风速.
EF-5 tornadoes, the most powerful tornadoes, have winds greater than 200 miles per hour (322 kmph).
EF-5型龙卷风是最强的龙卷风,其阵风时速大于200英里(322公里).
Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale Chart EF Rating EF-5 EF-4 EF-3 EF-2 EF-1 200+ mph (322+ kmph) 166–200 mph (267–322 kmph) 136–165 mph (219–265 kmph) 111–135 mph (179–217 kmph) 86–110 mph (138–177 kmph) EF-0 65–85 mph (105–137 kmph) wind gusts The EF Scale was created by scientist T.
强化的藤田(EF)平面图 EF评分 EF-5 EF-4 EF-3 EF-2 EF-1 200+ mph (322+ kmph) 166–200 mph (267–322 kmph) 136–165 mph (219–265 kmph) 111–135 mph (179–217 kmph) 86–110 mph (138–177 kmph) EF-0 65–85 mph (105–137 kmph) 风沟. EF平面由科学家T所创建.
Theodore Fujita to measure the strength of tornadoes.
西奥多·藤田来测量龙卷风的强度.
Where Tornadoes Form Tornadoes may be hard to measure, but scientists have a good idea where they will strike.
在龙卷风形成的地方 龙卷风可能很难测量 但科学家们知道它们会在哪里攻击
It’s possible for a tornado to happen anywhere in the world.
世界任何地方都有可能发生龙卷风。
However, most tornadoes occur in the central part of the United States, also known as Tornado Alley.
然而,大多数龙卷风发生在美国中部,也叫"龙卷风Alley".
More than one thousand tornadoes develop there each year.
每年有一千多场龙卷风在那里发展.
Tornado Alley Cold, Dry Air Warm, Moist Air KANSASCOLORADO NEBRASKA SOUTH DAKOTA TORNADO ALLEY OKLAHOMA TEXAS In Tornado Alley, the mixing of air from the north and south creates perfect conditions for a tornado.
龙卷风 Alley Coldy, Dry Air Warm, Moist Air KANSASCORLARADO NEBRASKA 南达克塔 TORNADO Alley OKLAHOMA TEXAS(英语:OKLAHOMA TEXAS) 三相机(英语:Air KANSASCOLARADO NEBRASASKA 南达克塔 TORNADO ALY OKLAHOMA TESAS 在"龙卷风"(Tornado Alley)中,从南北向混合出空气为龙卷风创造了完美的条件.
A massive tornado in Moore, Oklahoma in 2013 left behind a clear path of its destruction.
2013年俄克拉荷马州摩尔发生大规模龙卷风,留下了一条明确的毁灭之路.
Famous Tornadoes A tornado in 1925 traveled more than 300 miles (483 km) through Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana.
出名的龙卷风 1925年的一场龙卷风经过了密苏里州,伊利诺伊州和印第安纳州等地的300多英里(483公里).
It killed 695 people, the highest number of people killed by a tornado in U.
它造成695人死亡,是U区被龙卷风所杀人数最多的.
S.
师曰.
history.
历史
In 1992, a tornado in Mississippi carried a baby up into the air and left the child hanging from the branch of a tree.
1992年,密西西比州一场龙卷风将一婴儿抬上空中,并让孩子从一棵树的树枝上被吊起.
The baby was hurt but lived.
宝宝受伤了,但还活着。
Two huge storm systems in April 1974 and April 2011 each produced hundreds of tornadoes.
1974年4月和2011年4月的两个巨大的风暴系统各产生数百个龙卷风.
In May 2011, an EF-5 tornado struck Missouri.
2011年5月,一场EF-5龙卷风袭击了密苏里州.
This tornado crushed cars and trucks and destroyed more than seven thousand homes.
这场龙卷风粉碎了汽车和卡车并摧毁了七千多所房屋.
In March 2012, a giant tornado swept through Henryville, Indiana.
2012年3月,一场巨大的龙卷风席卷了印第安纳州亨利维尔.
It was enormous—150 yards (138 m) wide— and traveled a far distance—52 miles (84 km).
它是巨大的 -- -- 150码(138米)宽 -- -- 远行 -- -- 52英里(84公里)。
A tornado that hit Kansas in 2003 was so powerful that it caused a child’s bicycle to wrap around a tree.
2003年袭击堪萨斯州的龙卷风威力很大,导致儿童自行车围住一棵树。
The tornado that struck Henryville, Indiana, in March 2012 caused thirty-nine deaths in five states.
2012年3月袭击印第安纳州亨利维尔的龙卷风在五个州造成39人死亡.
Tornado Safety Because tornadoes are so dangerous, weather scientists do their best to warn people before a tornado arrives.
旋风安全 由于龙卷风是如此地危险,天气学家在龙卷风到来前会尽力警告人们.
However, there is no way to be sure that a tornado will strike.
然而,无法确定龙卷风会袭击。
The National Weather Service (NWS) tries to help people stay safe during tornadoes.
国家气象局试图帮助人们在龙卷风期间保持安全。
If they declare a tornado watch, it is possible that a tornado might develop.
如果他们宣布龙卷风表, 有可能出现龙卷风。
The NWS releases a tornado warning when scientists have actually spotted a coming tornado.
当科学家发现即将到来的龙卷风时 核武部队发出龙卷风警告
At this point, it is important to get to a safe place.
此时,必须到一个安全的地方。
Some towns and cities install sirens that sound to warn people once a tornado has been spotted.
一些城镇安装了警报器,一旦发现龙卷风就会发出警告。
The safest place to be is indoors, in a basement if possible.
最安全的地方是室内,如果可能的话在地下室.
The next safest places are closets or bathrooms.
接下来最安全的地方是衣柜或浴室.
Try to stay away from windows because a tornado can blast through the glass.
尽量远离窗户 因为龙卷风可以吹出玻璃
Get down low to the ground.
下地为地.
If possible, go under a heavy table or desk and cover your head.
如果可能的话,到一个重桌子或桌子下盖住你的头.
You can even go into a bathtub.
你甚至可以进浴缸
This underground shelter was built to provide protection from tornadoes, such as the one that destroyed the house next to the shelter.
建造这个地下避难所是为了提供防龙卷风的保护,比如摧毁了避难所旁边的房子.
This sign alerts people that a shelter is nearby where they can find safety in the event of a tornado.
这个标志提醒人们,在附近有一个避难所,在发生龙卷风时他们可以在那里找到安全.
The spinning cloud of a tornado causes things to fly around.
龙卷风的旋律会让东西飞来飞去
Because this can be very dangerous, it’s always important to protect your head.
保护你的头,
If you can find a mattress or blankets, cover yourself with them.
如果你能找到床垫或被子,请用被子遮住自己.
If you are in a tall building, find the stairs.
如果你在高楼里 找楼梯
Do not stay inside a mobile home in a tornado.
别待在龙卷风的移动屋里
If you’re in a car and can’t escape the tornado, park the car.
如果你在一辆车里,
Leave your seatbelt on and lean forward.
系好安全带往前靠
If you’re stuck outdoors, lie down flat on the ground, far away from trees.
如果你被困在户外,
Students practice for a tornado strike by going into a hallway and covering their heads.
学生们通过走入走廊并遮住头部来练习龙卷风袭击.
Conclusion Tornadoes are amazing—and scary—examples of the power of nature.
龙卷风是大自然力量的惊人而可怕的例子。
Weather scientists are working to invent better ways to tell when a tornado is coming.
气象学家正在研究更好的方法 来判断龙卷风何时来临
Many questions remain about tornadoes.
关于龙卷风仍有许多问题。
What really causes a tornado?
什么是真正引起龙卷风?
What is it actually like inside a tornado?
龙卷风里面是什么感觉?
Perhaps one day we’ll find out.
也许有一天我们会发现。
A weather scientist studies weather maps to try to spot when a tornado will strike next.
一名气象学家研究了气象图,试图发现龙卷风接下来何时会袭击.