The Story of Jeans
美音、自然拼读、分级阅读与词汇复习
Table of Contents Introduction.
导言表。
4 History.
4 历史.
5 Changing Fashions.
5 变化的假象。
7 How Jeans Are Made.
7 牛仔裤是如何制造的。
12 Conclusion.
12 结论。
17 Glossary.
17 词汇表。
18 Introduction Take a look in your closet or clothes drawer.
导言 看看你的衣柜或抽屉里
Do you see a pair of jeans?
你看到一双牛仔裤吗?
You probably do.
你也许知道。
The average American owns about seven pairs.
美国人平均拥有约7对.
You may be wearing a pair right now.
你现在可能穿着一双
Or you might have a jean jacket, shirt, or a pair of denim shoes.
或者你有一件牛仔夹克,衬衫, 或者一双德尼姆鞋。
Jeans are so common, you may wonder who invented them and how the fashion took off.
牛仔裤很常见,你可能想知道是谁发明的,时尚是如何起飞的.
People of all ages wear jeans.
所有年龄的人都穿牛仔裤。
The miners in California had a problem with their pants.
加州矿工的裤子有问题
When they found gold or ore, they carried it in their pockets.
当他们发现黄金或矿石时,他们在口袋里携带.
But the metal was heavy, and the pockets ripped.
但金属很重,口袋被撕开。
In 1873, Levi became partners with a tailor named Jacob Davis.
1873年,莱维与一位叫雅各布·戴维斯的裁缝成为了合伙人.
Jacob and Levi made tough denim pants with copper rivets sewn into the seams.
Jacob和Levi用铜管缝入缝合缝入了坚硬的德尼姆裤子.
Rivets are strong metal fasteners.
里维特是坚固的金属接地器.
The miners loved the “waist overalls,” as they were called, and they quickly became popular.
矿工们喜欢所谓的“瓦斯式的统领”,他们很快变得受欢迎。
History Jeans were invented by a German man named Levi Strauss.
历史让斯由德意志人莱维·施特劳斯发明.
He went to the U.
他去了美国
S.
师曰.
Gold Rush to San Francisco.
黄金跑去旧金山
He carried many kinds of fabric to sell to dry goods stores.
他携带了多种织物来出售给干货店.
Business was booming in California during the Gold Rush.
加州的生意在黄金狂欢期间蓬勃发展.
Levi quickly became a successful businessman.
李维很快地成为了一位成功的商人.
California miners in the 1880s loved waist overalls.
1880年代的加利福尼亚矿工们喜欢腰衣.
Levi Strauss founded Levi Strauss & Co.
莱维·施特劳斯创立了莱维·施特劳斯 & Co.
Changing Fashions Levi’s® jeans were work pants.
变化的假象 Levi的牛仔裤是工作裤。
Male workers wore them all the time.
男性工人总是穿着.
But a gentleman wouldn’t think of wearing jeans.
但一位绅士不会想穿牛仔裤。
Women didn’t wear pants at all.
女性根本没穿裤子。
But this changed when Western movies became popular.
但随着西方电影的流行,这种情况发生了变化.
All the cowboys wore jeans.
所有牛仔都穿牛仔裤
People thought the cowboys looked tough and cool.
人们觉得牛仔们看起来很坚强,很酷.
But jeans still weren’t proper for places like school, stores, or offices.
但牛仔裤仍然不适合学校、商店或办公室。
During World War II, off-duty U.
二战期间,出勤U.
S.
师曰.
soldiers wore jeans.
士兵们穿着牛仔裤。
They made jeans seem like tough, casual American pants.
他们把牛仔裤弄得像硬的美国短裤
They became a symbol of America in many other countries.
它们在许多其他国家成为了美国的象征.
Jean or Denim?
让还是德尼姆?
Today, we call denim pants “jeans.”
今天,我们称德尼姆裤子为"地".
But jean and denim are two different fabrics.
但Jan和Denim是两种不同的布料.
Denim is a strong all-cotton fabric.
德尼姆是一个强大的全科顿织物。
Jean is a thinner, weaker fabric made of cotton and linen.
让是用棉花和亚麻做的更薄更弱的织物.
But both fabrics are dyed blue with indigo.
但两种织物都以indigo染成蓝色.
They look very much alike, and the names became confused.
他们看起来非常相似,名字变得很困惑.
Eventually, so many people called Levi’s pants “jeans,” the company officially changed the name.
公司正式改名,
Cowboys and a cowgirl sport denim pants.
牛仔裤和牛仔裤
Back in the U.
后入吴.
S.
师曰.
, fashions changed.
时尚变了
Movie stars wore jeans in their films.
电影明星在电影中穿牛仔裤.
Teenagers everywhere loved them.
到处都是年轻人喜欢他们。
Some schools banned jeans because of their “rebel” image.
有些学校禁止穿牛仔裤,因为他们的“反叛”形象。
But casual clothing, including jeans, became popular for more and more occasions.
但包括牛仔裤在内的临时服装越来越受欢迎.
Eventually, jeans were so common that it became okay for anyone to wear them.
最后,牛仔裤很常见,以至于任何人都可以穿着.
You can even find pictures of the president wearing jeans.
你甚至能找到总统穿牛仔裤的照片
In the 1980s, clothing designers made new styles.
20世纪80年代,服装设计师制造出新的风格.
They bleached, decorated, and stonewashed (wore out) jeans.
他们漂白、装饰和用石头洗出牛仔裤。
They made them baggy, stretchy, and flared.
他们把它们制成活活活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活泼活活活活活活活活活泼活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活活
In 2000, the Italian designer Gucci sold a pair of jeans for $3,715.
2000年,意大利设计师古奇以3,715美元的价格售出一双牛仔裤.
President Obama wore jeans to open the 2009 All Star Game in St.
奥巴马总统穿牛仔裤在圣多伦举行2009年全明星游戏会.
Louis.
刘易斯
Designer jeans walk the runways of fashion shows.
设计师牛仔裤走出时装秀的跑道.
Jeans are dyed every color of the rainbow.
衣被彩虹所染出一色相.
Denim is used to make almost everything, including jackets, hats, skirts, shoes, and wallets.
德尼姆用于制作几乎所有东西,包括夹克,帽子,裙子,鞋子和钱包.
Antique, or old, jeans are also popular.
古董或旧牛仔裤也受欢迎.
You can find them in thrift stores for a very low price.
你可以在节俭商店找到它们 价格非常低廉
Or you can find them in specialty stores, where they are very expensive.
或者你可以在特产店找到它们 它们非常昂贵
How Jeans Are Made Most jeans begin as fibers growing on the cotton plant in puffs called bolls.
牛仔裤是如何制造的 大部分牛仔裤都是从纤维生长在被叫作"花花"的泡泡上开始的.
The bolls are picked and the seeds are removed.
取出宝珠取出取出种子.
Then the fibers are combed to untangle them.
然后将纤维梳理以解开.
The fibers are called lint, like the lint in your pocket.
纤维叫做"花" 就像你口袋里的花
Machines twist the lint into a thick rope.
机器把绳子扭成厚的绳子
The rope is pulled, twisted, and stretched into a long, thin thread called yarn.
绳子被拉出,被扭曲,被伸入一条被称作纱线的长而细的线.
White bolls on cotton plants Do You Know?
棉花厂的白肉丸你知道吗?
You may have noticed that many blue jeans are sewn with orange thread.
你可能注意到许多蓝色牛仔裤 被橙线缝合。
This is unusual.
这是不寻常的。
Most clothing is sewn with thread the same color as the fabric.
大部分衣被用和织物相同的花纹来缝合.
The orange thread matches the copper rivets.
橙线与铜管相匹配.
Many kinds of jeans use two stitches side by side to make the orange show up.
许多种类的牛仔裤相并用两针来使橙色出现.
These jeans are a copy of a pair of Levi’s made in the 1 880s.
这些牛仔裤是1880年代出产的一对利维的相片.
Yarn is dyed before it is woven into denim.
雅能先被染去再被编织成德尼姆.
Blue denim is made from both blue and white yarn.
蓝色的德尼姆由蓝色和白色的纱线制成.
When your jeans wear out or rip, you can see the white threads showing through.
当你的牛仔裤磨损或撕裂时,你可以看到白色的线条显示穿过.
Denim is woven in a diagonal pattern.
德尼姆被编织成对角图案.
The fabric is so sturdy that it is used in some paper money.
织物很坚固,以至于被用在一些纸币上.
That’s why money doesn’t fall apart if you accidentally wash it in your pocket.
如果你不小心冲入口袋,
Bundles of fabric are called bolts.
织物包被称作螺栓.
One bolt of denim weighs 500 pounds (227 kg).
1螺栓的denim重500磅(227公斤).
It can make 60 pairs of adult-size jeans.
它可以制作60对成人大小的牛仔裤.
Electric saws cut through 120 layers of cloth at once.
电锯一时切出120层布.
The cloth is cut into many sizes and sewn together.
被布被切成许多尺寸并一起缝合.
One pair of jeans goes through 37 different sewing steps.
一双牛仔裤穿过37个不同的缝纫台阶.
It takes 213 yards (195 m) of thread to sew one pair of jeans.
缝一双牛仔裤需要213码(195米)的线程.
Making Blue Jeans Blue The original jeans were dyed with indigo, which comes from special plants.
让蓝色牛仔裤蓝 最初的牛仔裤被染上Indigo,这出自特有植物.
The plant leaves are first soaked in water.
植物叶先被浸入水中.
Then the water is stirred, in order to mix in oxygen.
然后水被搅动 为了混合氧气
This changes the plant mixture from orange to yellow to green to blue.
这改变了植物混合物从橙色到黄色到绿色到蓝色.
But indigo is very expensive.
但indigo非常昂贵。
For many years, jeans makers used dye from coal or oil.
多年来,牛仔裤制造者使用从煤或油中取出染料.
But these dyes cause pollution.
但这些染料会造成污染.
Some jeans makers have found special bacteria that make blue dye.
一些牛仔裤制造厂商发现了出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出出
The next pair of blue jeans you buy may have been dyed by bacteria!
你买的下一套蓝色牛仔裤 可能是被细菌染了!
Bolts of denim.
波尔特的德尼姆。
Unlike many fabrics, denim is dyed before weaving, rather than after.
与许多织物不同,德尼姆在编织前被染上,而不是后被染上.
Now, people can even order custom- made jeans.
现在,人们甚至可以订购定制的牛仔裤。
You can send all your measurements to a custom jeans company.
你可以把所有的测量结果 送到一个定制牛仔裤公司。
They will make a pair to fit you perfectly.
他们会做一对适合你的
Custom-made jeans will perfectly fit all of your measurements.
定制牛仔裤完全适合你的测量
into strips of cloth.
化为布条
patterns and sizes.
规律和大小。
to make jeans.
做牛仔裤。
lint into yarn.
插入纱线。
Conclusion Today, all kinds of people around the world wear jeans.
今天,世界各地各种人都穿牛仔裤。
People wear them everywhere.
人们到处都戴着
Designers have even made denim tuxedoes for the most formal occasions.
设计师们甚至为最正式的场合制作了德尼姆礼服.
Jeans are popular today for the same reasons they were popular when Levi Strauss first made them.
牛仔裤今天很受欢迎,原因与利维·施特劳斯首次出道时流行的原因相同.
They look good, they last long, and they are comfortable.
它们看起来很好,它们持续了很长时间,它们很舒适。
That’s probably why you own a pair or two, or seven, yourself.
可能这就是你拥有一对或两对或七对的原因。